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PTHREAD_JOIN(3)            Linux Programmer's Manual           PTHREAD_JOIN(3)
NAME
       pthread_join - join with a terminated thread
SYNOPSIS
       #include <pthread.h>
       int pthread_join(pthread_t thread, void **retval);
       Compile and link with -pthread.
DESCRIPTION
       The pthread_join() function waits for the thread specified by thread to
       terminate.  If that thread has already terminated, then  pthread_join()
       returns immediately.  The thread specified by thread must be joinable.
       If  retval  is  not NULL, then pthread_join() copies the exit status of
       the target thread (i.e., the value that the target thread  supplied  to
       pthread_exit(3)) into the location pointed to by retval.  If the target
       thread was canceled, then PTHREAD_CANCELED is placed  in  the  location
       pointed to by retval.
       If  multiple  threads  simultaneously try to join with the same thread,
       the results are undefined.  If the  thread  calling  pthread_join()  is
       canceled,  then  the  target thread will remain joinable (i.e., it will
       not be detached).
RETURN VALUE
       On success, pthread_join() returns 0; on error,  it  returns  an  error
       number.
ERRORS
       EDEADLK
              A  deadlock  was  detected (e.g., two threads tried to join with
              each other); or thread specifies the calling thread.
       EINVAL thread is not a joinable thread.
       EINVAL Another thread is already waiting to join with this thread.
       ESRCH  No thread with the ID thread could be found.
ATTRIBUTES
       For  an  explanation  of  the  terms  used   in   this   section,   see
       attributes(7).
       +---------------+---------------+---------+
       |Interface      | Attribute     | Value   |
       +---------------+---------------+---------+
       |pthread_join() | Thread safety | MT-Safe |
       +---------------+---------------+---------+
CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
NOTES
       After  a  successful  call  to pthread_join(), the caller is guaranteed
       that the target thread has terminated.  The caller may then  choose  to
       do any clean-up that is required after termination of the thread (e.g.,
       freeing memory or other resources that were  allocated  to  the  target
       thread).
       Joining  with a thread that has previously been joined results in unde-
       fined behavior.
       Failure to join with a thread that is joinable (i.e., one that  is  not
       detached),  produces  a  "zombie thread".  Avoid doing this, since each
       zombie thread consumes some system resources, and  when  enough  zombie
       threads  have  accumulated, it will no longer be possible to create new
       threads (or processes).
       There is no pthreads analog of waitpid(-1, &status, 0), that is,  "join
       with  any terminated thread".  If you believe you need this functional-
       ity, you probably need to rethink your application design.
       All of the threads in a process are peers: any thread can join with any
       other thread in the process.
EXAMPLE
       See pthread_create(3).
SEE ALSO
       pthread_cancel(3),         pthread_create(3),        pthread_detach(3),
       pthread_exit(3), pthread_tryjoin_np(3), pthreads(7)
COLOPHON
       This page is part of release 4.15 of the Linux  man-pages  project.   A
       description  of  the project, information about reporting bugs, and the
       latest    version    of    this    page,    can     be     found     at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
Linux                             2017-09-15                   PTHREAD_JOIN(3)