Compress::Zlib(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Compress::Zlib(3)
NAME
Compress::Zlib - Interface to zlib compression library
SYNOPSIS
use Compress::Zlib ;
($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] ) ;
$status = $d->deflate($input, $output) ;
$status = $d->flush([$flush_type]) ;
$d->deflateParams(OPTS) ;
$d->deflateTune(OPTS) ;
$d->dict_adler() ;
$d->crc32() ;
$d->adler32() ;
$d->total_in() ;
$d->total_out() ;
$d->msg() ;
$d->get_Strategy();
$d->get_Level();
$d->get_BufSize();
($i, $status) = inflateInit( [OPT] ) ;
$status = $i->inflate($input, $output [, $eof]) ;
$status = $i->inflateSync($input) ;
$i->dict_adler() ;
$d->crc32() ;
$d->adler32() ;
$i->total_in() ;
$i->total_out() ;
$i->msg() ;
$d->get_BufSize();
$dest = compress($source) ;
$dest = uncompress($source) ;
$gz = gzopen($filename or filehandle, $mode) ;
$bytesread = $gz->gzread($buffer [,$size]) ;
$bytesread = $gz->gzreadline($line) ;
$byteswritten = $gz->gzwrite($buffer) ;
$status = $gz->gzflush($flush) ;
$offset = $gz->gztell() ;
$status = $gz->gzseek($offset, $whence) ;
$status = $gz->gzclose() ;
$status = $gz->gzeof() ;
$status = $gz->gzsetparams($level, $strategy) ;
$errstring = $gz->gzerror() ;
$gzerrno
$dest = Compress::Zlib::memGzip($buffer) ;
$dest = Compress::Zlib::memGunzip($buffer) ;
$crc = adler32($buffer [,$crc]) ;
$crc = crc32($buffer [,$crc]) ;
$crc = adler32_combine($crc1, $crc2, $len2)l
$crc = crc32_combine($adler1, $adler2, $len2)
my $version = Compress::Raw::Zlib::zlib_version();
DESCRIPTION
The Compress::Zlib module provides a Perl interface to the zlib
compression library (see "AUTHOR" for details about where to get zlib).
The "Compress::Zlib" module can be split into two general areas of
functionality, namely a simple read/write interface to gzip files and a
low-level in-memory compression/decompression interface.
Each of these areas will be discussed in the following sections.
Notes for users of Compress::Zlib version 1
The main change in "Compress::Zlib" version 2.x is that it does not now
interface directly to the zlib library. Instead it uses the
"IO::Compress::Gzip" and "IO::Uncompress::Gunzip" modules for
reading/writing gzip files, and the "Compress::Raw::Zlib" module for
some low-level zlib access.
The interface provided by version 2 of this module should be 100%
backward compatible with version 1. If you find a difference in the
expected behaviour please contact the author (See "AUTHOR"). See "GZIP
INTERFACE"
With the creation of the "IO::Compress" and "IO::Uncompress" modules no
new features are planned for "Compress::Zlib" - the new modules do
everything that "Compress::Zlib" does and then some. Development on
"Compress::Zlib" will be limited to bug fixes only.
If you are writing new code, your first port of call should be one of
the new "IO::Compress" or "IO::Uncompress" modules.
GZIP INTERFACE
A number of functions are supplied in zlib for reading and writing gzip
files that conform to RFC 1952. This module provides an interface to
most of them.
If you have previously used "Compress::Zlib" 1.x, the following
enhancements/changes have been made to the "gzopen" interface:
1. If you want to open either STDIN or STDOUT with "gzopen", you can
now optionally use the special filename ""-"" as a synonym for
"\*STDIN" and "\*STDOUT".
2. In "Compress::Zlib" version 1.x, "gzopen" used the zlib library to
open the underlying file. This made things especially tricky when
a Perl filehandle was passed to "gzopen". Behind the scenes the
numeric C file descriptor had to be extracted from the Perl
filehandle and this passed to the zlib library.
Apart from being non-portable to some operating systems, this made
it difficult to use "gzopen" in situations where you wanted to
extract/create a gzip data stream that is embedded in a larger
file, without having to resort to opening and closing the file
multiple times.
It also made it impossible to pass a perl filehandle that wasn't
associated with a real filesystem file, like, say, an
"IO::String".
In "Compress::Zlib" version 2.x, the "gzopen" interface has been
completely rewritten to use the IO::Compress::Gzip for writing
gzip files and IO::Uncompress::Gunzip for reading gzip files. None
of the limitations mentioned above apply.
3. Addition of "gzseek" to provide a restricted "seek" interface.
4. Added "gztell".
A more complete and flexible interface for reading/writing gzip
files/buffers is included with the module "IO-Compress-Zlib". See
IO::Compress::Gzip and IO::Uncompress::Gunzip for more details.
$gz = gzopen($filename, $mode)
$gz = gzopen($filehandle, $mode)
This function opens either the gzip file $filename for reading or
writing or attaches to the opened filehandle, $filehandle. It
returns an object on success and "undef" on failure.
When writing a gzip file this interface will always create the
smallest possible gzip header (exactly 10 bytes). If you want
greater control over what gets stored in the gzip header (like the
original filename or a comment) use IO::Compress::Gzip instead.
Similarly if you want to read the contents of the gzip header use
IO::Uncompress::Gunzip.
The second parameter, $mode, is used to specify whether the file
is opened for reading or writing and to optionally specify a
compression level and compression strategy when writing. The
format of the $mode parameter is similar to the mode parameter to
the 'C' function "fopen", so "rb" is used to open for reading,
"wb" for writing and "ab" for appending (writing at the end of the
file).
To specify a compression level when writing, append a digit
between 0 and 9 to the mode string -- 0 means no compression and 9
means maximum compression. If no compression level is specified
Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION is used.
To specify the compression strategy when writing, append 'f' for
filtered data, 'h' for Huffman only compression, or 'R' for run-
length encoding. If no strategy is specified Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY
is used.
So, for example, "wb9" means open for writing with the maximum
compression using the default strategy and "wb4R" means open for
writing with compression level 4 and run-length encoding.
Refer to the zlib documentation for the exact format of the $mode
parameter.
$bytesread = $gz->gzread($buffer [, $size]) ;
Reads $size bytes from the compressed file into $buffer. If $size
is not specified, it will default to 4096. If the scalar $buffer
is not large enough, it will be extended automatically.
Returns the number of bytes actually read. On EOF it returns 0 and
in the case of an error, -1.
$bytesread = $gz->gzreadline($line) ;
Reads the next line from the compressed file into $line.
Returns the number of bytes actually read. On EOF it returns 0 and
in the case of an error, -1.
It is legal to intermix calls to "gzread" and "gzreadline".
To maintain backward compatibility with version 1.x of this module
"gzreadline" ignores the $/ variable - it always uses the string
"\n" as the line delimiter.
If you want to read a gzip file a line at a time and have it
respect the $/ variable (or $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, or $RS when
"English" is in use) see IO::Uncompress::Gunzip.
$byteswritten = $gz->gzwrite($buffer) ;
Writes the contents of $buffer to the compressed file. Returns the
number of bytes actually written, or 0 on error.
$status = $gz->gzflush($flush_type) ;
Flushes all pending output into the compressed file.
This method takes an optional parameter, $flush_type, that
controls how the flushing will be carried out. By default the
$flush_type used is "Z_FINISH". Other valid values for $flush_type
are "Z_NO_FLUSH", "Z_SYNC_FLUSH", "Z_FULL_FLUSH" and "Z_BLOCK". It
is strongly recommended that you only set the "flush_type"
parameter if you fully understand the implications of what it does
- overuse of "flush" can seriously degrade the level of
compression achieved. See the "zlib" documentation for details.
Returns 0 on success.
$offset = $gz->gztell() ;
Returns the uncompressed file offset.
$status = $gz->gzseek($offset, $whence) ;
Provides a sub-set of the "seek" functionality, with the
restriction that it is only legal to seek forward in the
compressed file. It is a fatal error to attempt to seek backward.
When opened for writing, empty parts of the file will have NULL
(0x00) bytes written to them.
The $whence parameter should be one of SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR or
SEEK_END.
Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.
$gz->gzclose
Closes the compressed file. Any pending data is flushed to the
file before it is closed.
Returns 0 on success.
$gz->gzsetparams($level, $strategy
Change settings for the deflate stream $gz.
The list of the valid options is shown below. Options not
specified will remain unchanged.
Note: This method is only available if you are running zlib 1.0.6
or better.
$level
Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9,
"Z_NO_COMPRESSION", "Z_BEST_SPEED", "Z_BEST_COMPRESSION", and
"Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION".
$strategy
Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid
values are "Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY", "Z_FILTERED" and
"Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY".
$gz->gzerror
Returns the zlib error message or number for the last operation
associated with $gz. The return value will be the zlib error
number when used in a numeric context and the zlib error message
when used in a string context. The zlib error number constants,
shown below, are available for use.
Z_OK
Z_STREAM_END
Z_ERRNO
Z_STREAM_ERROR
Z_DATA_ERROR
Z_MEM_ERROR
Z_BUF_ERROR
$gzerrno
The $gzerrno scalar holds the error code associated with the most
recent gzip routine. Note that unlike "gzerror()", the error is
not associated with a particular file.
As with "gzerror()" it returns an error number in numeric context
and an error message in string context. Unlike "gzerror()" though,
the error message will correspond to the zlib message when the
error is associated with zlib itself, or the UNIX error message
when it is not (i.e. zlib returned "Z_ERRORNO").
As there is an overlap between the error numbers used by zlib and
UNIX, $gzerrno should only be used to check for the presence of an
error in numeric context. Use "gzerror()" to check for specific
zlib errors. The gzcat example below shows how the variable can be
used safely.
Examples
Here is an example script which uses the interface. It implements a
gzcat function.
use strict ;
use warnings ;
use Compress::Zlib ;
# use stdin if no files supplied
@ARGV = '-' unless @ARGV ;
foreach my $file (@ARGV) {
my $buffer ;
my $gz = gzopen($file, "rb")
or die "Cannot open $file: $gzerrno\n" ;
print $buffer while $gz->gzread($buffer) > 0 ;
die "Error reading from $file: $gzerrno" . ($gzerrno+0) . "\n"
if $gzerrno != Z_STREAM_END ;
$gz->gzclose() ;
}
Below is a script which makes use of "gzreadline". It implements a very
simple grep like script.
use strict ;
use warnings ;
use Compress::Zlib ;
die "Usage: gzgrep pattern [file...]\n"
unless @ARGV >= 1;
my $pattern = shift ;
# use stdin if no files supplied
@ARGV = '-' unless @ARGV ;
foreach my $file (@ARGV) {
my $gz = gzopen($file, "rb")
or die "Cannot open $file: $gzerrno\n" ;
while ($gz->gzreadline($_) > 0) {
print if /$pattern/ ;
}
die "Error reading from $file: $gzerrno\n"
if $gzerrno != Z_STREAM_END ;
$gz->gzclose() ;
}
This script, gzstream, does the opposite of the gzcat script above. It
reads from standard input and writes a gzip data stream to standard
output.
use strict ;
use warnings ;
use Compress::Zlib ;
binmode STDOUT; # gzopen only sets it on the fd
my $gz = gzopen(\*STDOUT, "wb")
or die "Cannot open stdout: $gzerrno\n" ;
while (<>) {
$gz->gzwrite($_)
or die "error writing: $gzerrno\n" ;
}
$gz->gzclose ;
Compress::Zlib::memGzip
This function is used to create an in-memory gzip file with the minimum
possible gzip header (exactly 10 bytes).
$dest = Compress::Zlib::memGzip($buffer)
or die "Cannot compress: $gzerrno\n";
If successful, it returns the in-memory gzip file. Otherwise it returns
"undef" and the $gzerrno variable will store the zlib error code.
The $buffer parameter can either be a scalar or a scalar reference.
See IO::Compress::Gzip for an alternative way to carry out in-memory
gzip compression.
Compress::Zlib::memGunzip
This function is used to uncompress an in-memory gzip file.
$dest = Compress::Zlib::memGunzip($buffer)
or die "Cannot uncompress: $gzerrno\n";
If successful, it returns the uncompressed gzip file. Otherwise it
returns "undef" and the $gzerrno variable will store the zlib error
code.
The $buffer parameter can either be a scalar or a scalar reference. The
contents of the $buffer parameter are destroyed after calling this
function.
If $buffer consists of multiple concatenated gzip data streams only the
first will be uncompressed. Use "gunzip" with the "MultiStream" option
in the "IO::Uncompress::Gunzip" module if you need to deal with
concatenated data streams.
See IO::Uncompress::Gunzip for an alternative way to carry out in-
memory gzip uncompression.
COMPRESS/UNCOMPRESS
Two functions are provided to perform in-memory
compression/uncompression of RFC 1950 data streams. They are called
"compress" and "uncompress".
$dest = compress($source [, $level] ) ;
Compresses $source. If successful it returns the compressed data.
Otherwise it returns undef.
The source buffer, $source, can either be a scalar or a scalar
reference.
The $level parameter defines the compression level. Valid values
are 0 through 9, "Z_NO_COMPRESSION", "Z_BEST_SPEED",
"Z_BEST_COMPRESSION", and "Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION". If $level is
not specified "Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION" will be used.
$dest = uncompress($source) ;
Uncompresses $source. If successful it returns the uncompressed
data. Otherwise it returns undef.
The source buffer can either be a scalar or a scalar reference.
Please note: the two functions defined above are not compatible with
the Unix commands of the same name.
See IO::Deflate and IO::Inflate included with this distribution for an
alternative interface for reading/writing RFC 1950 files/buffers.
Deflate Interface
This section defines an interface that allows in-memory compression
using the deflate interface provided by zlib.
Here is a definition of the interface available:
($d, $status) = deflateInit( [OPT] )
Initialises a deflation stream.
It combines the features of the zlib functions "deflateInit",
"deflateInit2" and "deflateSetDictionary".
If successful, it will return the initialised deflation stream, $d and
$status of "Z_OK" in a list context. In scalar context it returns the
deflation stream, $d, only.
If not successful, the returned deflation stream ($d) will be undef and
$status will hold the exact zlib error code.
The function optionally takes a number of named options specified as
"-Name=>value" pairs. This allows individual options to be tailored
without having to specify them all in the parameter list.
For backward compatibility, it is also possible to pass the parameters
as a reference to a hash containing the name=>value pairs.
The function takes one optional parameter, a reference to a hash. The
contents of the hash allow the deflation interface to be tailored.
Here is a list of the valid options:
-Level
Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9,
"Z_NO_COMPRESSION", "Z_BEST_SPEED", "Z_BEST_COMPRESSION", and
"Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION".
The default is Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.
-Method
Defines the compression method. The only valid value at present
(and the default) is Z_DEFLATED.
-WindowBits
To create an RFC 1950 data stream, set "WindowBits" to a positive
number.
To create an RFC 1951 data stream, set "WindowBits" to
"-MAX_WBITS".
For a full definition of the meaning and valid values for
"WindowBits" refer to the zlib documentation for deflateInit2.
Defaults to MAX_WBITS.
-MemLevel
For a definition of the meaning and valid values for "MemLevel"
refer to the zlib documentation for deflateInit2.
Defaults to MAX_MEM_LEVEL.
-Strategy
Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid
values are "Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY", "Z_FILTERED" and
"Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY".
The default is Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY.
-Dictionary
When a dictionary is specified Compress::Zlib will automatically
call "deflateSetDictionary" directly after calling "deflateInit".
The Adler32 value for the dictionary can be obtained by calling
the method "$d-"dict_adler()>.
The default is no dictionary.
-Bufsize
Sets the initial size for the deflation buffer. If the buffer has
to be reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments
of "Bufsize".
The default is 4096.
Here is an example of using the "deflateInit" optional parameter list
to override the default buffer size and compression level. All other
options will take their default values.
deflateInit( -Bufsize => 300,
-Level => Z_BEST_SPEED ) ;
($out, $status) = $d->deflate($buffer)
Deflates the contents of $buffer. The buffer can either be a scalar or
a scalar reference. When finished, $buffer will be completely
processed (assuming there were no errors). If the deflation was
successful it returns the deflated output, $out, and a status value,
$status, of "Z_OK".
On error, $out will be undef and $status will contain the zlib error
code.
In a scalar context "deflate" will return $out only.
As with the deflate function in zlib, it is not necessarily the case
that any output will be produced by this method. So don't rely on the
fact that $out is empty for an error test.
($out, $status) = $d->flush() =head2 ($out, $status) =
$d->flush($flush_type)
Typically used to finish the deflation. Any pending output will be
returned via $out. $status will have a value "Z_OK" if successful.
In a scalar context "flush" will return $out only.
Note that flushing can seriously degrade the compression ratio, so it
should only be used to terminate a decompression (using "Z_FINISH") or
when you want to create a full flush point (using "Z_FULL_FLUSH").
By default the "flush_type" used is "Z_FINISH". Other valid values for
"flush_type" are "Z_NO_FLUSH", "Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH", "Z_SYNC_FLUSH" and
"Z_FULL_FLUSH". It is strongly recommended that you only set the
"flush_type" parameter if you fully understand the implications of what
it does. See the "zlib" documentation for details.
$status = $d->deflateParams([OPT])
Change settings for the deflate stream $d.
The list of the valid options is shown below. Options not specified
will remain unchanged.
-Level
Defines the compression level. Valid values are 0 through 9,
"Z_NO_COMPRESSION", "Z_BEST_SPEED", "Z_BEST_COMPRESSION", and
"Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION".
-Strategy
Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. The valid
values are "Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY", "Z_FILTERED" and
"Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY".
$d->dict_adler()
Returns the adler32 value for the dictionary.
$d->msg()
Returns the last error message generated by zlib.
$d->total_in()
Returns the total number of bytes uncompressed bytes input to deflate.
$d->total_out()
Returns the total number of compressed bytes output from deflate.
Example
Here is a trivial example of using "deflate". It simply reads standard
input, deflates it and writes it to standard output.
use strict ;
use warnings ;
use Compress::Zlib ;
binmode STDIN;
binmode STDOUT;
my $x = deflateInit()
or die "Cannot create a deflation stream\n" ;
my ($output, $status) ;
while (<>)
{
($output, $status) = $x->deflate($_) ;
$status == Z_OK
or die "deflation failed\n" ;
print $output ;
}
($output, $status) = $x->flush() ;
$status == Z_OK
or die "deflation failed\n" ;
print $output ;
Inflate Interface
This section defines the interface available that allows in-memory
uncompression using the deflate interface provided by zlib.
Here is a definition of the interface:
($i, $status) = inflateInit()
Initialises an inflation stream.
In a list context it returns the inflation stream, $i, and the zlib
status code in $status. In a scalar context it returns the inflation
stream only.
If successful, $i will hold the inflation stream and $status will be
"Z_OK".
If not successful, $i will be undef and $status will hold the zlib
error code.
The function optionally takes a number of named options specified as
"-Name=>value" pairs. This allows individual options to be tailored
without having to specify them all in the parameter list.
For backward compatibility, it is also possible to pass the parameters
as a reference to a hash containing the name=>value pairs.
The function takes one optional parameter, a reference to a hash. The
contents of the hash allow the deflation interface to be tailored.
Here is a list of the valid options:
-WindowBits
To uncompress an RFC 1950 data stream, set "WindowBits" to a
positive number.
To uncompress an RFC 1951 data stream, set "WindowBits" to
"-MAX_WBITS".
For a full definition of the meaning and valid values for
"WindowBits" refer to the zlib documentation for inflateInit2.
Defaults to MAX_WBITS.
-Bufsize
Sets the initial size for the inflation buffer. If the buffer has
to be reallocated to increase the size, it will grow in increments
of "Bufsize".
Default is 4096.
-Dictionary
The default is no dictionary.
Here is an example of using the "inflateInit" optional parameter to
override the default buffer size.
inflateInit( -Bufsize => 300 ) ;
($out, $status) = $i->inflate($buffer)
Inflates the complete contents of $buffer. The buffer can either be a
scalar or a scalar reference.
Returns "Z_OK" if successful and "Z_STREAM_END" if the end of the
compressed data has been successfully reached. If not successful, $out
will be undef and $status will hold the zlib error code.
The $buffer parameter is modified by "inflate". On completion it will
contain what remains of the input buffer after inflation. This means
that $buffer will be an empty string when the return status is "Z_OK".
When the return status is "Z_STREAM_END" the $buffer parameter will
contains what (if anything) was stored in the input buffer after the
deflated data stream.
This feature is useful when processing a file format that encapsulates
a compressed data stream (e.g. gzip, zip).
$status = $i->inflateSync($buffer)
Scans $buffer until it reaches either a full flush point or the end of
the buffer.
If a full flush point is found, "Z_OK" is returned and $buffer will be
have all data up to the flush point removed. This can then be passed to
the "deflate" method.
Any other return code means that a flush point was not found. If more
data is available, "inflateSync" can be called repeatedly with more
compressed data until the flush point is found.
$i->dict_adler()
Returns the adler32 value for the dictionary.
$i->msg()
Returns the last error message generated by zlib.
$i->total_in()
Returns the total number of bytes compressed bytes input to inflate.
$i->total_out()
Returns the total number of uncompressed bytes output from inflate.
Example
Here is an example of using "inflate".
use strict ;
use warnings ;
use Compress::Zlib ;
my $x = inflateInit()
or die "Cannot create a inflation stream\n" ;
my $input = '' ;
binmode STDIN;
binmode STDOUT;
my ($output, $status) ;
while (read(STDIN, $input, 4096))
{
($output, $status) = $x->inflate(\$input) ;
print $output
if $status == Z_OK or $status == Z_STREAM_END ;
last if $status != Z_OK ;
}
die "inflation failed\n"
unless $status == Z_STREAM_END ;
CHECKSUM FUNCTIONS
Two functions are provided by zlib to calculate checksums. For the Perl
interface, the order of the two parameters in both functions has been
reversed. This allows both running checksums and one off calculations
to be done.
$crc = adler32($buffer [,$crc]) ;
$crc = crc32($buffer [,$crc]) ;
The buffer parameters can either be a scalar or a scalar reference.
If the $crc parameters is "undef", the crc value will be reset.
If you have built this module with zlib 1.2.3 or better, two more CRC-
related functions are available.
$crc = adler32_combine($crc1, $crc2, $len2)l
$crc = crc32_combine($adler1, $adler2, $len2)
These functions allow checksums to be merged.
Misc
my $version = Compress::Zlib::zlib_version();
Returns the version of the zlib library.
CONSTANTS
All the zlib constants are automatically imported when you make use of
Compress::Zlib.
SEE ALSO
IO::Compress::Gzip, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Compress::Deflate,
IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Compress::RawDeflate,
IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Compress::Bzip2,
IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2, IO::Compress::Lzma, IO::Uncompress::UnLzma,
IO::Compress::Xz, IO::Uncompress::UnXz, IO::Compress::Lzop,
IO::Uncompress::UnLzop, IO::Compress::Lzf, IO::Uncompress::UnLzf,
IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate, IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
IO::Compress::FAQ
File::GlobMapper, Archive::Zip, Archive::Tar, IO::Zlib
For RFC 1950, 1951 and 1952 see http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1950.html,
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1951.html and
http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1952.html
The zlib compression library was written by Jean-loup Gailly
gzip AT prep.edu and Mark Adler madler AT alumni.edu.
The primary site for the zlib compression library is
http://www.zlib.org.
The primary site for gzip is http://www.gzip.org.
AUTHOR
This module was written by Paul Marquess, pmqs AT cpan.org.
MODIFICATION HISTORY
See the Changes file.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (c) 1995-2013 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
perl v5.16.3 2013-05-19 Compress::Zlib(3)
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