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POSTSUPER(1)                General Commands Manual               POSTSUPER(1)

NAME
       postsuper - Postfix superintendent
SYNOPSIS
       postsuper [-psSv]
               [-c config_dir] [-d queue_id]
               [-e queue_id] [-f queue_id]
               [-h queue_id] [-H queue_id]
               [-r queue_id] [directory ...]
DESCRIPTION
       The  postsuper(1)  command  does maintenance jobs on the Postfix queue.
       Use  of  the  command  is  restricted  to  the  superuser.    See   the
       postqueue(1)  command for unprivileged queue operations such as listing
       or flushing the mail queue.
       By default, postsuper(1) performs the operations requested with the  -s
       and  -p  command-line  options  on all Postfix queue directories - this
       includes the incoming, active, deferred, and hold directories with mes-
       sage  files and the bounce, defer, trace and flush directories with log
       files.
       Options:
       -c config_dir
              The main.cf configuration file is in the named directory instead
              of the default configuration directory. See also the MAIL_CONFIG
              environment setting below.
       -d queue_id
              Delete one message with the named queue ID from the  named  mail
              queue(s) (default: hold, incoming, active and deferred).
              To  delete multiple files, specify the -d option multiple times,
              or specify a queue_id of -  to  read  queue  IDs  from  standard
              input.  For example, to delete all mail with exactly one recipi-
              ent user AT example.com:
              mailq | tail -n +2 | grep -v '^ *(' | awk  'BEGIN { RS = "" }
                  # $7=sender, $8=recipient1, $9=recipient2
                  { if ($8 == "user AT example.com" && $9 == "")
                        print $1 }
               ' | tr -d '*!' | postsuper -d -
              Specify "-d ALL" to remove all messages;  for  example,  specify
              "-d  ALL deferred" to delete all mail in the deferred queue.  As
              a safety measure, the word ALL must be specified in upper case.
              Warning: Postfix queue IDs are reused (always  with  Postfix  <=
              2.8;  and  with  Postfix  >= 2.9 when enable_long_queue_ids=no).
              There is a very small possibility  that  postsuper  deletes  the
              wrong  message  file  when it is executed while the Postfix mail
              system is delivering mail.
              The scenario is as follows:
              1)     The Postfix queue manager deletes the message that  post-
                     super(1)  is asked to delete, because Postfix is finished
                     with the message (it is delivered, or it is  returned  to
                     the sender).
              2)     New  mail  arrives, and the new message is given the same
                     queue ID as the message that postsuper(1) is supposed  to
                     delete.   The  probability for reusing a deleted queue ID
                     is about 1 in 2**15 (the number of different  microsecond
                     values  that  the  system  clock can distinguish within a
                     second).
              3)     postsuper(1) deletes the new message, instead of the  old
                     message that it should have deleted.
       -e queue_id
       -f queue_id
              Request  forced  expiration for one message with the named queue
              ID in the named mail queue(s) (default: hold,  incoming,  active
              and deferred).
              o      The message will be returned to the sender when the queue
                     manager attempts to deliver that message (note that Post-
                     fix will never deliver messages in the hold queue).
              o      The -e and -f options both request forced expiration. The
                     difference is that -f will also release a message  if  it
                     is  in  the hold queue. With -e, such a message would not
                     be returned to the sender until it is released with -f or
                     -H.
              o      When a deferred message is force-expired, the return mes-
                     sage will state the reason for the delay. Otherwise,  the
                     reason will be "message is administratively expired".
              To  expire  multiple files, specify the -e or -f option multiple
              times, or specify a queue_id of - to read queue IDs  from  stan-
              dard  input (see the -d option above for an example, but be sure
              to replace -d in the example).
              Specify "-e ALL" or "-f ALL" to expire all messages;  for  exam-
              ple,  specify  "-e  ALL  deferred"  to  expire  all  mail in the
              deferred queue.  As a safety measure, the word ALL must be spec-
              ified in upper case.
              These features are available in Postfix 3.5 and later.
       -h queue_id
              Put  mail  "on  hold"  so that no attempt is made to deliver it.
              Move one message with the named queue ID  from  the  named  mail
              queue(s)  (default:  incoming,  active and deferred) to the hold
              queue.
              To hold multiple files, specify the -h option multiple times, or
              specify a queue_id of - to read queue IDs from standard input.
              Specify  "-h ALL" to hold all messages; for example, specify "-h
              ALL deferred" to hold all mail in  the  deferred  queue.   As  a
              safety measure, the word ALL must be specified in upper case.
              Note:  while  mail is "on hold" it will not expire when its time
              in   the   queue   exceeds   the    maximal_queue_lifetime    or
              bounce_queue_lifetime  setting. It becomes subject to expiration
              after it is released from "hold".
              This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
       -H queue_id
              Release mail that was put "on hold".  Move one message with  the
              named  queue  ID from the named mail queue(s) (default: hold) to
              the deferred queue.
              To release multiple files, specify the -H option multiple times,
              or  specify  a  queue_id  of  -  to read queue IDs from standard
              input.
              Note: specify "postsuper -r" to release mail that  was  kept  on
              hold  for  a  significant fraction of $maximal_queue_lifetime or
              $bounce_queue_lifetime, or longer.
              Specify "-H ALL" to release all mail that is "on  hold".   As  a
              safety measure, the word ALL must be specified in upper case.
              This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.
       -p     Purge  old  temporary  files  that are left over after system or
              software crashes.  The -p, -s, and -S operations are done before
              other operations.
       -r queue_id
              Requeue  the message with the named queue ID from the named mail
              queue(s) (default: hold, incoming, active and deferred).
              To requeue multiple files, specify the -r option multiple times,
              or  specify  a  queue_id  of  -  to read queue IDs from standard
              input.
              Specify "-r ALL" to requeue all messages. As a  safety  measure,
              the word ALL must be specified in upper case.
              A requeued message is moved to the maildrop queue, from where it
              is copied by the pickup(8) and cleanup(8) daemons to a new queue
              file.  In  many respects its handling differs from that of a new
              local submission.
              o      The message is not  subjected  to  the  smtpd_milters  or
                     non_smtpd_milters settings.  When mail has passed through
                     an external content filter, this would produce  incorrect
                     results  with Milter applications that depend on original
                     SMTP connection state information.
              o      The message is subjected again to mail address  rewriting
                     and substitution.  This is useful when rewriting rules or
                     virtual mappings have changed.
                     The address rewriting context (local or  remote)  is  the
                     same as when the message was received.
              o      The  message is subjected to the same content_filter set-
                     tings (if any) as used for new  local  mail  submissions.
                     This is useful when content_filter settings have changed.
              Warning:  Postfix  queue  IDs are reused (always with Postfix <=
              2.8; and with Postfix  >=  2.9  when  enable_long_queue_ids=no).
              There is a very small possibility that postsuper(1) requeues the
              wrong message file when it is executed while  the  Postfix  mail
              system is running, but no harm should be done.
              This feature is available in Postfix 1.1 and later.
       -s     Structure  check and structure repair.  This should be done once
              before Postfix startup.  The -p, -s, and -S operations are  done
              before other operations.
              o      Rename  files  whose name does not match the message file
                     inode number. This operation is necessary after restoring
                     a  mail  queue  from  a different machine or from backup,
                     when queue files were created with Postfix <= 2.8 or with
                     "enable_long_queue_ids = no".
              o      Move  queue files that are in the wrong place in the file
                     system hierarchy and remove subdirectories  that  are  no
                     longer  needed.   File position rearrangements are neces-
                     sary  after  a  change  in  the  hash_queue_names  and/or
                     hash_queue_depth configuration parameters.
              o      Rename  queue files created with "enable_long_queue_ids =
                     yes" to short names, for migration  to  Postfix  <=  2.8.
                     The procedure is as follows:
                     # postfix stop
                     # postconf enable_long_queue_ids=no
                     # postsuper
                     Run postsuper(1) repeatedly until it stops reporting file
                     name changes.
       -S     A redundant version of -s that requires  that  long  file  names
              also match the message file inode number. This option exists for
              testing purposes, and is available with Postfix 2.9  and  later.
              The -p, -s, and -S operations are done before other operations.
       -v     Enable  verbose  logging  for  debugging  purposes.  Multiple -v
              options make the software increasingly verbose.
DIAGNOSTICS
       Problems are reported to the standard error stream and to syslogd(8) or
       postlogd(8).
       postsuper(1) reports the number of messages deleted with -d, the number
       of messages expired with -e, the number of messages expired or released
       with  -f,  the  number  of messages held or released with -h or -H, the
       number of messages requeued with -r, and the number of  messages  whose
       queue  file  name was fixed with -s. The report is written to the stan-
       dard error stream and to syslogd(8) or postlogd(8).
ENVIRONMENT
       MAIL_CONFIG
              Directory with the main.cf file.
BUGS
       Mail that is not sanitized by Postfix (i.e. mail in the maildrop queue)
       cannot be placed "on hold".
CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
       The  following  main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this pro-
       gram.  The text below provides only  a  parameter  summary.  See  post-
       conf(5) for more details including examples.
       config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The  default  location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf con-
              figuration files.
       hash_queue_depth (1)
              The number of subdirectory levels for queue  directories  listed
              with the hash_queue_names parameter.
       hash_queue_names (deferred, defer)
              The  names  of  queue directories that are split across multiple
              subdirectory levels.
       import_environment (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The list of environment parameters  that  a  privileged  Postfix
              process  will  import  from  a  non-Postfix  parent  process, or
              name=value environment overrides.
       queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.
       syslog_facility (mail)
              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.
       syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
              A prefix that  is  prepended  to  the  process  name  in  syslog
              records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".
       Available in Postfix version 2.9 and later:
       enable_long_queue_ids (no)
              Enable long, non-repeating, queue IDs (queue file names).
SEE ALSO
       sendmail(1), Sendmail-compatible user interface
       postqueue(1), unprivileged queue operations
       postlogd(8), Postfix logging
       syslogd(8), system logging
LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
AUTHOR(S)
       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
       Wietse Venema
       Google, Inc.
       111 8th Avenue
       New York, NY 10011, USA

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