ausearch(category30-tips-tricks-fragen.html) - phpMan

AUSEARCH:(8)            System Administration Utilities           AUSEARCH:(8)

NAME
       ausearch - a tool to query audit daemon logs
SYNOPSIS
       ausearch [options]
DESCRIPTION
       ausearch  is  a  tool  that  can  query the audit daemon logs based for
       events based on different search criteria.  The  ausearch  utility  can
       also  take  input  from stdin as long as the input is the raw log data.
       Each commandline option given forms an "and"  statement.  For  example,
       searching  with  -m  and  -ui  means  return  events that have both the
       requested type and match the user id given. An exception is the -m  and
       -n  options;  multiple  record  types and nodes are allowed in a search
       which will return any matching node and record.
       It should also be noted that each syscall  excursion  from  user  space
       into  the  kernel  and  back  into  user space has one event ID that is
       unique. Any auditable event that is triggered during  this  trip  share
       this ID so that they may be correlated.
       Different  parts  of the kernel may add supplemental records. For exam-
       ple, an audit event on the syscall "open" will also cause the kernel to
       emit  a  PATH  record  with  the  file  name. The ausearch utility will
       present all records that make up one event together.  This  could  mean
       that  even though you search for a specific kind of record, the result-
       ing events may contain SYSCALL records.
       Also be aware that not all record types have the requested information.
       For example, a PATH record does not have a hostname or a loginuid.

OPTIONS
       -a, --event audit-event-id
              Search for an event based on the given event ID. Messages always
              start with something like msg=audit(1116360555.329:2401771). The
              event  ID is the number after the ':'. All audit events that are
              recorded from one application's  syscall  have  the  same  audit
              event  ID.  A  second  syscall made by the same application will
              have a different event ID. This way they are unique.
       --arch CPU
              Search for events based on a specific CPU architecture.  If  you
              do  not know the arch of your machine but you want to use the 32
              bit syscall table and your machine supports  32  bits,  you  can
              also  use  b32  for  the  arch.  The  same applies to the 64 bit
              syscall table, you can use b64.  The arch of your machine can be
              found by doing 'uname -m'.
       -c, --comm comm-name
              Search  for an event based on the given comm name. The comm name
              is the executable's name from the task structure.
       --debug
              Write malformed events that are skipped to stderr.
       --checkpoint checkpoint-file
              Checkpoint the output between successive invocations of ausearch
              such that only events not previously output will print in subse-
              quent invocations.
              An auditd event is made up of one or more records. When process-
              ing  events,  ausearch  defines events as either complete or in-
              complete.  A complete event is either a single record  event  or
              one  whose event time occurred 2 seconds in the past compared to
              the event being currently processed.
              A checkpoint is achieved by recording the last  completed  event
              output  along  with  the device number and inode of the file the
              last completed event appeared in checkpoint-file.  On  a  subse-
              quent invocation, ausearch will load this checkpoint data and as
              it processes the log files, it will discard all complete  events
              until  it  matches  the checkpointed one. At this point, it will
              start outputting complete events.
              Should the file or the last checkpointed event not be found, one
              of  a  number of errors will result and ausearch will terminate.
              See EXIT STATUS for detail.

       -e, --exit exit-code-or-errno
              Search for an event based on the  given  syscall  exit  code  or
              errno.
       --escape option
              This option determines if the output is escaped to make the con-
              tent safer for certain uses. The options are raw , tty , shell ,
              and  shell_quote.  Each mode includes the characters of the pre-
              ceding mode and escapes more characters. That is  to  say  shell
              includes all characters escaped by tty and adds more. tty is the
              default.
       --extra-keys
              When the format mode is csv, this option will add a final column
              with  key  information  if  its exists for the event. This would
              only occur on SYSCALL records which were the result of  trigger-
              ing an audit rule that defines a key.
       --extra-labels
              When  the  format  mode  is csv, this option will add columns of
              information about subject and object labels when they exist.
       --extra-obj2
              When the format mode is csv, this option  will  add  columns  of
              information about a second object when it exists. It's rare that
              a second object is part of a record. Some examples  are  when  a
              file  is  renamed  from  one name to another or when a device is
              mounted to a path.
       --extra-time
              When the format mode is csv, this option  will  add  columns  of
              information about broken down time to make subsetting easier.
       -f, --file file-name
              Search  for  an  event based on the given filename. The argument
              will match normal files as well as af_unix sockets.
       --format option
              Events that match the search criteria are formatted  using  this
              option. The supported formats are: raw, default, interpret, csv,
              and text. The raw option is described under  the  --raw  command
              line  option. The default option is what you get when no format-
              ting options are passed. It includes one line as a visual  sepa-
              rator which indicates the time stamp and then the records of the
              event follow. The interpret option is  explained  under  the  -i
              command  line  option. The csv option outputs the results of the
              search as a normalized event in comma separated value (CSV) for-
              mat  suitable  for  import  into  analytical  programs. The text
              option turns the event into an English sentence that  is  easier
              to understand than other options, but it comes at the expense of
              loss of detail. In most cases this is perfectly fine  since  the
              original event still retains all the original information.
       -ga, --gid-all all-group-id
              Search  for  an event with either effective group ID or group ID
              matching the given group ID.
       -ge, --gid-effective effective-group-id
              Search for an event with the given effective group ID  or  group
              name.
       -gi, --gid group-id
              Search for an event with the given group ID or group name.
       -h, --help
              Help
       -hn, --host host-name
              Search  for  an event with the given host name. The hostname can
              be either a hostname, fully qualified domain  name,  or  numeric
              network address. No attempt is made to resolve numeric addresses
              to domain names or aliases. This search typically correlates  to
              the addr or host field of audit events. Also see the --node com-
              mand which searches the node field.
       -i, --interpret
              Interpret numeric entities into text. For example, uid  is  con-
              verted  to  account  name. If the audit logs are unenriched, the
              conversion is done using the current resources  of  the  machine
              where the search is being run. If you have renamed the accounts,
              or don't have the same accounts on your machine, you  could  get
              misleading  results.  If the logs are enriched, it uses the sup-
              plemental data to do the conversion. This  allows  accurate  log
              reporting even when run on a different machine than the original
              logs came from.
       -if, --input file-name | directory
              Use the given file or directory instead of the logs. This is  to
              aid  analysis  where the logs have been moved to another machine
              or only part of a log was saved.
       --input-logs
              Use the log file location from auditd.conf as input for  search-
              ing. This is needed if you are using ausearch from a cron job.
       --just-one
              Stop after emitting the first event that matches the search cri-
              teria.
       -k, --key key-string
              Search for an event based on the given key string.
       -l, --line-buffered
              Flush output on every line. Most useful when stdout is connected
              to  a  pipe and the default block buffering strategy is undesir-
              able. May impose a performance penalty.
       -m, --message message-type | comma-sep-message-type-list
              Search for an event matching the given  message  type.  (Message
              types  are  also  known  as  record types.) You may also enter a
              comma separated list of message  types  or  multiple  individual
              message  types each with its own -m option. There is an ALL mes-
              sage type that doesn't exist in the actual logs. It  allows  you
              to  get  all  messages in the system. The list of valid messages
              types is long. The program will display  the  list  whenever  no
              message type is passed with this parameter. The message type can
              be either text or numeric. If you enter a  list,  there  can  be
              only commas and no spaces separating the list.
       -n, --node
              Search  for events originating from a specific machine. Multiple
              nodes are allowed, and if any nodes match, the event is matched.
              This  search  uses  the node field in audit events. Also see the
              --host command which search for events related to host  informa-
              tion in the audit trail.
       -o, --object SE-Linux-context-string
              Search for event with tcontext (object) matching the string.
       -p, --pid process-id
              Search for an event matching the given process ID.
       -pp, --ppid parent-process-id
              Search for an event matching the given parent process ID.
       -r, --raw
              Output  is completely unformatted. This is useful for extracting
              records to a file that can still be interpreted by  audit  tools
              or when piping to other audit tools.
       -sc, --syscall syscall-name-or-value
              Search  for  an event matching the given syscall. You may either
              give the numeric syscall value or the syscall name. If you  give
              the  syscall name, it will use the syscall table for the machine
              that you are using.
       -se, --context SE-Linux-context-string
              Search for event with either scontext/subject or tcontext/object
              matching the string.
       --session Login-Session-ID
              Search  for  events  matching  the  given Login Session ID. This
              process attribute is set when a user logs in  and  can  tie  any
              process to a particular user login.
       -su, --subject SE-Linux-context-string
              Search for event with scontext (subject) matching the string.
       -sv, --success success-value
              Search for an event matching the given success value. Legal val-
              ues are yes and no.
       -te, --end [end-date] [end-time]
              Search for events with time stamps equal to or before the  given
              end time. The format of end time depends on your locale. You can
              check the format of your locale by running date '+%x'.   If  the
              date  is  omitted, today is assumed. If the time is omitted, now
              is assumed. Use 24 hour clock time rather than AM or PM to spec-
              ify  time.  An  example  date  using  the  en_US.utf8  locale is
              09/03/2009. An example of time  is  18:00:00.  The  date  format
              accepted is influenced by the LC_TIME environmental variable.
              You  may also use the word: now, recent, boot, today, yesterday,
              this-week, week-ago, this-month, or this-year. Now means  start-
              ing now. Recent is 10 minutes ago. Boot means the time of day to
              the second when the system last booted. Today means now. Yester-
              day is 1 second after midnight the previous day. This-week means
              starting 1 second after midnight on day 0 of the week determined
              by  your  locale  (see localtime). Week-ago means 1 second after
              midnight exactly 7 days ago. This-month  means  1  second  after
              midnight  on  day  1  of the month. This-year means the 1 second
              after midnight on the first day of the first month.
       -ts, --start [start-date] [start-time]
              Search for events with time stamps equal to or after  the  given
              start time. The format of start time depends on your locale. You
              can check the format of your locale by running date  '+%x'.   If
              the  date  is omitted, today is assumed. If the time is omitted,
              midnight is assumed. Use 24 hour clock time rather than AM or PM
              to  specify time. An example date using the en_US.utf8 locale is
              09/03/2009. An example of time  is  18:00:00.  The  date  format
              accepted is influenced by the LC_TIME environmental variable.
              You  may also use the word: now, recent, boot, today, yesterday,
              this-week, week-ago, this-month, this-year, or checkpoint.  Boot
              means the time of day to the second when the system last booted.
              Today means starting at 1 second after midnight.  Recent  is  10
              minutes  ago.  Yesterday is 1 second after midnight the previous
              day. This-week means starting 1 second after midnight on  day  0
              of  the week determined by your locale (see localtime). Week-ago
              means starting 1 second  after  midnight  exactly  7  days  ago.
              This-month  means 1 second after midnight on day 1 of the month.
              This-year means the 1 second after midnight on the first day  of
              the first month.
              checkpoint  means ausearch will use the timestamp found within a
              valid checkpoint  file  ignoring  the  recorded  inode,  device,
              serial, node and event type also found within a checkpoint file.
              Essentially, this is the recovery action should an invocation of
              ausearch  with  a  checkpoint option fail with an exit status of
              10, 11 or 12. It could be used in a shell script something like:
                   ausearch --checkpoint /etc/audit/auditd_checkpoint.txt -i
                   _au_status=$?
                   if test ${_au_status} eq 10 -o ${_au_status} eq 11 -o ${_au_status} eq 12
                   then
                     ausearch --checkpoint /etc/audit/auditd_checkpoint.txt --start checkpoint -i
                   fi
       -tm, --terminal terminal
              Search for an event matching the given terminal value. Some dae-
              mons such as cron and atd use the daemon name for the terminal.
       -ua, --uid-all all-user-id
              Search  for  an event with either user ID, effective user ID, or
              login user ID (auid) matching the given user ID.
       -ue, --uid-effective effective-user-id
              Search for an event with the given effective user ID.
       -ui, --uid user-id
              Search for an event with the given user ID.
       -ul, --loginuid login-id
              Search for an event with the given  login  user  ID.  All  entry
              point  programs  that  are  pamified  need to be configured with
              pam_loginuid required for the session for searching on  loginuid
              (auid) to be accurate.
       -uu, --uuid guest-uuid
              Search for an event with the given guest UUID.
       -v, --version
              Print the version and exit
       -vm, --vm-name guest-name
              Search for an event with the given guest name.
       -w, --word
              String based matches must match the whole word. This category of
              matches include: filename,  hostname,  terminal,  keys,  and  SE
              Linux context.
       -x, --executable executable
              Search for an event matching the given executable name.

EXIT STATUS
       0    if OK,
       1    if  nothing  found,  or  argument  errors or minor file acces/read
            errors,
       10   invalid checkpoint data found in checkpoint file,
       11   checkpoint processing error
       12   checkpoint event not found in matching log file
NOTE
       The boot time option is a convenience function and has limitations. The
       time  it  calculates  is based on time now minus /proc/uptime. If after
       boot the system clock has been adjusted, perhaps by ntp, then the  cal-
       culation  may  be  wrong. In that case you'll need to fully specify the
       time. You can check the time it would use by running:
       date -d "`cut -f1 -d. /proc/uptime` seconds ago"

SEE ALSO
       auditd(8), pam_loginuid(8).

Red Hat                           March 2017                      AUSEARCH:(8)