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Term::ANSIColor(3pm)   Perl Programmers Reference Guide   Term::ANSIColor(3pm)

NAME
       Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
SYNOPSIS
           use Term::ANSIColor;
           print color 'bold blue';
           print "This text is bold blue.\n";
           print color 'reset';
           print "This text is normal.\n";
           print colored ("Yellow on magenta.", 'yellow on_magenta'), "\n";
           print "This text is normal.\n";
           print colored ['yellow on_magenta'], 'Yellow on magenta.', "\n";
           print colored ['red on_bright_yellow'], 'Red on bright yellow.', "\n";
           print colored ['bright_red on_black'], 'Bright red on black.', "\n";
           print "\n";
           use Term::ANSIColor qw(uncolor);
           print uncolor ('01;31'), "\n";
           use Term::ANSIColor qw(colorstrip);
           print colorstrip '\e[1mThis is bold\e[0m', "\n";
           use Term::ANSIColor qw(colorvalid);
           my $valid = colorvalid ('blue bold', 'on_magenta');
           print "Color string is ", $valid ? "valid\n" : "invalid\n";
           use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);
           print BOLD, BLUE, "This text is in bold blue.\n", RESET;
           use Term::ANSIColor qw(:constants);
           {
               local $Term::ANSIColor::AUTORESET = 1;
               print BOLD BLUE "This text is in bold blue.\n";
               print "This text is normal.\n";
           }
           use Term::ANSIColor qw(:pushpop);
           print PUSHCOLOR RED ON_GREEN "This text is red on green.\n";
           print PUSHCOLOR BRIGHT_BLUE "This text is bright blue on green.\n";
           print RESET BRIGHT_BLUE "This text is just bright blue.\n";
           print POPCOLOR "Back to red on green.\n";
           print LOCALCOLOR GREEN ON_BLUE "This text is green on blue.\n";
           print "This text is red on green.\n";
           {
               local $Term::ANSIColor::AUTOLOCAL = 1;
               print ON_BLUE "This text is red on blue.\n";
               print "This text is red on green.\n";
           }
           print POPCOLOR "Back to whatever we started as.\n";
DESCRIPTION
       This module has two interfaces, one through color() and colored() and
       the other through constants.  It also offers the utility functions
       uncolor(), colorstrip(), and colorvalid(), which have to be explicitly
       imported to be used (see "SYNOPSIS").
   Supported Colors
       Terminal emulators that support color divide into two types: ones that
       support only eight colors, and ones that support sixteen.  This module
       provides both the ANSI escape codes for the "normal" colors, supported
       by both types, as well as the additional colors supported by sixteen-
       color emulators.  These colors are referred to as ANSI colors 0 through
       7 (normal) and 8 through 15.
       Unfortunately, interpretation of colors 0 through 7 often depends on
       whether the emulator supports eight colors or sixteen colors.
       Emulators that only support eight colors (such as the Linux console)
       will display colors 0 through 7 with normal brightness and ignore
       colors 8 through 15, treating them the same as white.  Emulators that
       support 16 colors, such as gnome-terminal, normally display colors 0
       through 7 as dim or darker versions and colors 8 through 15 as normal
       brightness.  On such emulators, the "normal" white (color 7) usually is
       shown as pale grey, requiring bright white (15) to be used to get a
       real white color.  Bright black usually is a dark grey color, although
       some terminals display it as pure black.  Some sixteen-color terminal
       emulators also treat normal yellow (color 3) as orange or brown, and
       bright yellow (color 11) as yellow.
       Following the normal convention of sixteen-color emulators, this module
       provides a pair of attributes for each color.  For every normal color
       (0 through 7), the corresponding bright color (8 through 15) is
       obtained by prepending the string "bright_" to the normal color name.
       For example, "red" is color 1 and "bright_red" is color 9.  The same
       applies for background colors: "on_red" is the normal color and
       "on_bright_red" is the bright color.  Capitalize these strings for the
       constant interface.
       There is unfortunately no way to know whether the current emulator
       supports sixteen colors or not, which makes the choice of colors
       difficult.  The most conservative choice is to use only the regular
       colors, which are at least displayed on all emulators.  However, they
       will appear dark in sixteen-color terminal emulators, including most
       common emulators in UNIX X environments.  If you know the display is
       one of those emulators, you may wish to use the bright variants
       instead.  Even better, offer the user a way to configure the colors for
       a given application to fit their terminal emulator.
       Support for colors 8 through 15 (the "bright_" variants) was added in
       Term::ANSIColor 3.0.
   Function Interface
       The function interface uses attribute strings to describe the colors
       and text attributes to assign to text.  The recognized non-color
       attributes are clear, reset, bold, dark, faint, underline, underscore,
       blink, reverse, and concealed.  Clear and reset (reset to default
       attributes), dark and faint (dim and saturated), and underline and
       underscore are equivalent, so use whichever is the most intuitive to
       you.
       Note that not all attributes are supported by all terminal types, and
       some terminals may not support any of these sequences.  Dark and faint,
       blink, and concealed in particular are frequently not implemented.
       The recognized normal foreground color attributes (colors 0 to 7) are:
         black  red  green  yellow  blue  magenta  cyan  white
       The corresponding bright foreground color attributes (colors 8 to 15)
       are:
         bright_black  bright_red      bright_green  bright_yellow
         bright_blue   bright_magenta  bright_cyan   bright_white
       The recognized normal background color attributes (colors 0 to 7) are:
         on_black  on_red      on_green  on yellow
         on_blue   on_magenta  on_cyan   on_white
       The recognized bright background color attributes (colors 8 to 15) are:
         on_bright_black  on_bright_red      on_bright_green  on_bright_yellow
         on_bright_blue   on_bright_magenta  on_bright_cyan   on_bright_white
       For any of the above listed attributes, case is not significant.
       Attributes, once set, last until they are unset (by printing the
       attribute "clear" or "reset").  Be careful to do this, or otherwise
       your attribute will last after your script is done running, and people
       get very annoyed at having their prompt and typing changed to weird
       colors.
       color(ATTR[, ATTR ...])
           color() takes any number of strings as arguments and considers them
           to be space-separated lists of attributes.  It then forms and
           returns the escape sequence to set those attributes.  It doesn't
           print it out, just returns it, so you'll have to print it yourself
           if you want to.  This is so that you can save it as a string, pass
           it to something else, send it to a file handle, or do anything else
           with it that you might care to.  color() throws an exception if
           given an invalid attribute.
       colored(STRING, ATTRIBUTES)
       colored(ATTR-REF, STRING[, STRING...])
           As an aid in resetting colors, colored() takes a scalar as the
           first argument and any number of attribute strings as the second
           argument and returns the scalar wrapped in escape codes so that the
           attributes will be set as requested before the string and reset to
           normal after the string.  Alternately, you can pass a reference to
           an array as the first argument, and then the contents of that array
           will be taken as attributes and color codes and the remainder of
           the arguments as text to colorize.
           Normally, colored() just puts attribute codes at the beginning and
           end of the string, but if you set $Term::ANSIColor::EACHLINE to
           some string, that string will be considered the line delimiter and
           the attribute will be set at the beginning of each line of the
           passed string and reset at the end of each line.  This is often
           desirable if the output contains newlines and you're using
           background colors, since a background color that persists across a
           newline is often interpreted by the terminal as providing the
           default background color for the next line.  Programs like pagers
           can also be confused by attributes that span lines.  Normally
           you'll want to set $Term::ANSIColor::EACHLINE to "\n" to use this
           feature.
       uncolor(ESCAPE)
           uncolor() performs the opposite translation as color(), turning
           escape sequences into a list of strings corresponding to the
           attributes being set by those sequences.
       colorstrip(STRING[, STRING ...])
           colorstrip() removes all color escape sequences from the provided
           strings, returning the modified strings separately in array context
           or joined together in scalar context.  Its arguments are not
           modified.
       colorvalid(ATTR[, ATTR ...])
           colorvalid() takes attribute strings the same as color() and
           returns true if all attributes are known and false otherwise.
   Constant Interface
       Alternately, if you import ":constants", you can use the following
       constants directly:
         CLEAR           RESET             BOLD            DARK
         FAINT           UNDERLINE         UNDERSCORE      BLINK
         REVERSE         CONCEALED
         BLACK           RED               GREEN           YELLOW
         BLUE            MAGENTA           CYAN            WHITE
         BRIGHT_BLACK    BRIGHT_RED        BRIGHT_GREEN    BRIGHT_YELLOW
         BRIGHT_BLUE     BRIGHT_MAGENTA    BRIGHT_CYAN     BRIGHT_WHITE
         ON_BLACK        ON_RED            ON_GREEN        ON_YELLOW
         ON_BLUE         ON_MAGENTA        ON_CYAN         ON_WHITE
         ON_BRIGHT_BLACK ON_BRIGHT_RED     ON_BRIGHT_GREEN ON_BRIGHT_YELLOW
         ON_BRIGHT_BLUE  ON_BRIGHT_MAGENTA ON_BRIGHT_CYAN  ON_BRIGHT_WHITE
       These are the same as color('attribute') and can be used if you prefer
       typing:
           print BOLD BLUE ON_WHITE "Text", RESET, "\n";
       to
           print colored ("Text", 'bold blue on_white'), "\n";
       (Note that the newline is kept separate to avoid confusing the terminal
       as described above since a background color is being used.)
       When using the constants, if you don't want to have to remember to add
       the ", RESET" at the end of each print line, you can set
       $Term::ANSIColor::AUTORESET to a true value.  Then, the display mode
       will automatically be reset if there is no comma after the constant.
       In other words, with that variable set:
           print BOLD BLUE "Text\n";
       will reset the display mode afterward, whereas:
           print BOLD, BLUE, "Text\n";
       will not.  If you are using background colors, you will probably want
       to print the newline with a separate print statement to avoid confusing
       the terminal.
       The subroutine interface has the advantage over the constants interface
       in that only two subroutines are exported into your namespace, versus
       thirty-eight in the constants interface.  On the flip side, the
       constants interface has the advantage of better compile time error
       checking, since misspelled names of colors or attributes in calls to
       color() and colored() won't be caught until runtime whereas misspelled
       names of constants will be caught at compile time.  So, pollute your
       namespace with almost two dozen subroutines that you may not even use
       that often, or risk a silly bug by mistyping an attribute.  Your
       choice, TMTOWTDI after all.
   The Color Stack
       As of Term::ANSIColor 2.0, you can import ":pushpop" and maintain a
       stack of colors using PUSHCOLOR, POPCOLOR, and LOCALCOLOR.  PUSHCOLOR
       takes the attribute string that starts its argument and pushes it onto
       a stack of attributes.  POPCOLOR removes the top of the stack and
       restores the previous attributes set by the argument of a prior
       PUSHCOLOR.  LOCALCOLOR surrounds its argument in a PUSHCOLOR and
       POPCOLOR so that the color resets afterward.
       When using PUSHCOLOR, POPCOLOR, and LOCALCOLOR, it's particularly
       important to not put commas between the constants.
           print PUSHCOLOR BLUE "Text\n";
       will correctly push BLUE onto the top of the stack.
           print PUSHCOLOR, BLUE, "Text\n";    # wrong!
       will not, and a subsequent pop won't restore the correct attributes.
       PUSHCOLOR pushes the attributes set by its argument, which is normally
       a string of color constants.  It can't ask the terminal what the
       current attributes are.
DIAGNOSTICS
       Bad escape sequence %s
           (F) You passed an invalid ANSI escape sequence to uncolor().
       Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in use
           (F) You probably mistyped a constant color name such as:
               $Foobar = FOOBAR . "This line should be blue\n";
           or:
               @Foobar = FOOBAR, "This line should be blue\n";
           This will only show up under use strict (another good reason to run
           under use strict).
       Invalid attribute name %s
           (F) You passed an invalid attribute name to either color() or
           colored().
       Name "%s" used only once: possible typo
           (W) You probably mistyped a constant color name such as:
               print FOOBAR "This text is color FOOBAR\n";
           It's probably better to always use commas after constant names in
           order to force the next error.
       No comma allowed after filehandle
           (F) You probably mistyped a constant color name such as:
               print FOOBAR, "This text is color FOOBAR\n";
           Generating this fatal compile error is one of the main advantages
           of using the constants interface, since you'll immediately know if
           you mistype a color name.
       No name for escape sequence %s
           (F) The ANSI escape sequence passed to uncolor() contains escapes
           which aren't recognized and can't be translated to names.
ENVIRONMENT
       ANSI_COLORS_DISABLED
           If this environment variable is set, all of the functions defined
           by this module (color(), colored(), and all of the constants not
           previously used in the program) will not output any escape
           sequences and instead will just return the empty string or pass
           through the original text as appropriate.  This is intended to
           support easy use of scripts using this module on platforms that
           don't support ANSI escape sequences.
           For it to have its proper effect, this environment variable must be
           set before any color constants are used in the program.
RESTRICTIONS
       It would be nice if one could leave off the commas around the constants
       entirely and just say:
           print BOLD BLUE ON_WHITE "Text\n" RESET;
       but the syntax of Perl doesn't allow this.  You need a comma after the
       string.  (Of course, you may consider it a bug that commas between all
       the constants aren't required, in which case you may feel free to
       insert commas unless you're using $Term::ANSIColor::AUTORESET or
       PUSHCOLOR/POPCOLOR.)
       For easier debugging, you may prefer to always use the commas when not
       setting $Term::ANSIColor::AUTORESET or PUSHCOLOR/POPCOLOR so that
       you'll get a fatal compile error rather than a warning.
       It's not possible to use this module to embed formatting and color
       attributes using Perl formats.  They replace the escape character with
       a space (as documented in perlform(1)), resulting in garbled output
       from the unrecognized attribute.  Even if there were a way around that
       problem, the format doesn't know that the non-printing escape sequence
       is zero-length and would incorrectly format the output.  For formatted
       output using color or other attributes, either use sprintf() instead or
       use formline() and then add the color or other attributes after
       formatting and before output.
NOTES
       The codes generated by this module are standard terminal control codes,
       complying with ECMA-048 and ISO 6429 (generally referred to as "ANSI
       color" for the color codes).  The non-color control codes (bold, dark,
       italic, underline, and reverse) are part of the earlier ANSI X3.64
       standard for control sequences for video terminals and peripherals.
       Note that not all displays are ISO 6429-compliant, or even
       X3.64-compliant (or are even attempting to be so).  This module will
       not work as expected on displays that do not honor these escape
       sequences, such as cmd.exe, 4nt.exe, and command.com under either
       Windows NT or Windows 2000.  They may just be ignored, or they may
       display as an ESC character followed by some apparent garbage.
       Jean Delvare provided the following table of different common terminal
       emulators and their support for the various attributes and others have
       helped me flesh it out:
                     clear    bold     faint   under    blink   reverse  conceal
        ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        xterm         yes      yes      no      yes      yes      yes      yes
        linux         yes      yes      yes    bold      yes      yes      no
        rxvt          yes      yes      no      yes  bold/black   yes      no
        dtterm        yes      yes      yes     yes    reverse    yes      yes
        teraterm      yes    reverse    no      yes    rev/red    yes      no
        aixterm      kinda   normal     no      yes      no       yes      yes
        PuTTY         yes     color     no      yes      no       yes      no
        Windows       yes      no       no      no       no       yes      no
        Cygwin SSH    yes      yes      no     color    color    color     yes
        Mac Terminal  yes      yes      no      yes      yes      yes      yes
       Windows is Windows telnet, Cygwin SSH is the OpenSSH implementation
       under Cygwin on Windows NT, and Mac Terminal is the Terminal
       application in Mac OS X.  Where the entry is other than yes or no, that
       emulator displays the given attribute as something else instead.  Note
       that on an aixterm, clear doesn't reset colors; you have to explicitly
       set the colors back to what you want.  More entries in this table are
       welcome.
       Note that codes 3 (italic), 6 (rapid blink), and 9 (strike-through) are
       specified in ANSI X3.64 and ECMA-048 but are not commonly supported by
       most displays and emulators and therefore aren't supported by this
       module at the present time.  ECMA-048 also specifies a large number of
       other attributes, including a sequence of attributes for font changes,
       Fraktur characters, double-underlining, framing, circling, and
       overlining.  As none of these attributes are widely supported or
       useful, they also aren't currently supported by this module.
SEE ALSO
       ECMA-048 is available on-line (at least at the time of this writing) at
       http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-048.htm
       <http://www.ecma-
       international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-048.htm>.
       ISO 6429 is available from ISO for a charge; the author of this module
       does not own a copy of it.  Since the source material for ISO 6429 was
       ECMA-048 and the latter is available for free, there seems little
       reason to obtain the ISO standard.
       The current version of this module is always available from its web
       site at <http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/software/ansicolor/>;.  It is also
       part of the Perl core distribution as of 5.6.0.
AUTHORS
       Original idea (using constants) by Zenin, reimplemented using subs by
       Russ Allbery <rra AT stanford.edu>, and then combined with the original
       idea by Russ with input from Zenin.  Russ Allbery now maintains this
       module.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       Copyright 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009,
       2010, 2011 Russ Allbery <rra AT stanford.edu> and Zenin.  This program is
       free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same
       terms as Perl itself.
       PUSHCOLOR, POPCOLOR, and LOCALCOLOR were contributed by openmethods.com
       voice solutions.

perl v5.16.3                      2013-03-04              Term::ANSIColor(3pm)