IO::Compress::Gzip(glossar.html) - phpMan

IO::Compress::Gzip(3) User Contributed Perl DocumentationIO::Compress::Gzip(3)

NAME
       IO::Compress::Gzip - Write RFC 1952 files/buffers
SYNOPSIS
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;
           my $status = gzip $input => $output [,OPTS]
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";
           my $z = new IO::Compress::Gzip $output [,OPTS]
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";
           $z->print($string);
           $z->printf($format, $string);
           $z->write($string);
           $z->syswrite($string [, $length, $offset]);
           $z->flush();
           $z->tell();
           $z->eof();
           $z->seek($position, $whence);
           $z->binmode();
           $z->fileno();
           $z->opened();
           $z->autoflush();
           $z->input_line_number();
           $z->newStream( [OPTS] );
           $z->deflateParams();
           $z->close() ;
           $GzipError ;
           # IO::File mode
           print $z $string;
           printf $z $format, $string;
           tell $z
           eof $z
           seek $z, $position, $whence
           binmode $z
           fileno $z
           close $z ;
DESCRIPTION
       This module provides a Perl interface that allows writing compressed
       data to files or buffer as defined in RFC 1952.
       All the gzip headers defined in RFC 1952 can be created using this
       module.
       For reading RFC 1952 files/buffers, see the companion module
       IO::Uncompress::Gunzip.
Functional Interface
       A top-level function, "gzip", is provided to carry out "one-shot"
       compression between buffers and/or files. For finer control over the
       compression process, see the "OO Interface" section.
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;
           gzip $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [,OPTS]
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";
       The functional interface needs Perl5.005 or better.
   gzip $input_filename_or_reference => $output_filename_or_reference [, OPTS]
       "gzip" expects at least two parameters, $input_filename_or_reference
       and $output_filename_or_reference.
       The $input_filename_or_reference parameter
       The parameter, $input_filename_or_reference, is used to define the
       source of the uncompressed data.
       It can take one of the following forms:
       A filename
            If the <$input_filename_or_reference> parameter is a simple
            scalar, it is assumed to be a filename. This file will be opened
            for reading and the input data will be read from it.
       A filehandle
            If the $input_filename_or_reference parameter is a filehandle, the
            input data will be read from it.  The string '-' can be used as an
            alias for standard input.
       A scalar reference
            If $input_filename_or_reference is a scalar reference, the input
            data will be read from $$input_filename_or_reference.
       An array reference
            If $input_filename_or_reference is an array reference, each
            element in the array must be a filename.
            The input data will be read from each file in turn.
            The complete array will be walked to ensure that it only contains
            valid filenames before any data is compressed.
       An Input FileGlob string
            If $input_filename_or_reference is a string that is delimited by
            the characters "<" and ">" "gzip" will assume that it is an input
            fileglob string. The input is the list of files that match the
            fileglob.
            See File::GlobMapper for more details.
       If the $input_filename_or_reference parameter is any other type,
       "undef" will be returned.
       In addition, if $input_filename_or_reference is a simple filename, the
       default values for the "Name" and "Time" options will be sourced from
       that file.
       If you do not want to use these defaults they can be overridden by
       explicitly setting the "Name" and "Time" options or by setting the
       "Minimal" parameter.
       The $output_filename_or_reference parameter
       The parameter $output_filename_or_reference is used to control the
       destination of the compressed data. This parameter can take one of
       these forms.
       A filename
            If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is a simple scalar,
            it is assumed to be a filename.  This file will be opened for
            writing and the compressed data will be written to it.
       A filehandle
            If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is a filehandle,
            the compressed data will be written to it.  The string '-' can be
            used as an alias for standard output.
       A scalar reference
            If $output_filename_or_reference is a scalar reference, the
            compressed data will be stored in $$output_filename_or_reference.
       An Array Reference
            If $output_filename_or_reference is an array reference, the
            compressed data will be pushed onto the array.
       An Output FileGlob
            If $output_filename_or_reference is a string that is delimited by
            the characters "<" and ">" "gzip" will assume that it is an output
            fileglob string. The output is the list of files that match the
            fileglob.
            When $output_filename_or_reference is an fileglob string,
            $input_filename_or_reference must also be a fileglob string.
            Anything else is an error.
            See File::GlobMapper for more details.
       If the $output_filename_or_reference parameter is any other type,
       "undef" will be returned.
   Notes
       When $input_filename_or_reference maps to multiple files/buffers and
       $output_filename_or_reference is a single file/buffer the input
       files/buffers will be stored in $output_filename_or_reference as a
       concatenated series of compressed data streams.
   Optional Parameters
       Unless specified below, the optional parameters for "gzip", "OPTS", are
       the same as those used with the OO interface defined in the
       "Constructor Options" section below.
       "AutoClose => 0|1"
            This option applies to any input or output data streams to "gzip"
            that are filehandles.
            If "AutoClose" is specified, and the value is true, it will result
            in all input and/or output filehandles being closed once "gzip"
            has completed.
            This parameter defaults to 0.
       "BinModeIn => 0|1"
            When reading from a file or filehandle, set "binmode" before
            reading.
            Defaults to 0.
       "Append => 0|1"
            The behaviour of this option is dependent on the type of output
            data stream.
            o    A Buffer
                 If "Append" is enabled, all compressed data will be append to
                 the end of the output buffer. Otherwise the output buffer
                 will be cleared before any compressed data is written to it.
            o    A Filename
                 If "Append" is enabled, the file will be opened in append
                 mode. Otherwise the contents of the file, if any, will be
                 truncated before any compressed data is written to it.
            o    A Filehandle
                 If "Append" is enabled, the filehandle will be positioned to
                 the end of the file via a call to "seek" before any
                 compressed data is written to it.  Otherwise the file pointer
                 will not be moved.
            When "Append" is specified, and set to true, it will append all
            compressed data to the output data stream.
            So when the output is a filehandle it will carry out a seek to the
            eof before writing any compressed data. If the output is a
            filename, it will be opened for appending. If the output is a
            buffer, all compressed data will be appended to the existing
            buffer.
            Conversely when "Append" is not specified, or it is present and is
            set to false, it will operate as follows.
            When the output is a filename, it will truncate the contents of
            the file before writing any compressed data. If the output is a
            filehandle its position will not be changed. If the output is a
            buffer, it will be wiped before any compressed data is output.
            Defaults to 0.
   Examples
       To read the contents of the file "file1.txt" and write the compressed
       data to the file "file1.txt.gz".
           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;
           my $input = "file1.txt";
           gzip $input => "$input.gz"
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";
       To read from an existing Perl filehandle, $input, and write the
       compressed data to a buffer, $buffer.
           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;
           use IO::File ;
           my $input = new IO::File "<file1.txt"
               or die "Cannot open 'file1.txt': $!\n" ;
           my $buffer ;
           gzip $input => \$buffer
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";
       To compress all files in the directory "/my/home" that match "*.txt"
       and store the compressed data in the same directory
           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;
           gzip '</my/home/*.txt>' => '<*.gz>'
               or die "gzip failed: $GzipError\n";
       and if you want to compress each file one at a time, this will do the
       trick
           use strict ;
           use warnings ;
           use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError) ;
           for my $input ( glob "/my/home/*.txt" )
           {
               my $output = "$input.gz" ;
               gzip $input => $output
                   or die "Error compressing '$input': $GzipError\n";
           }
OO Interface
   Constructor
       The format of the constructor for "IO::Compress::Gzip" is shown below
           my $z = new IO::Compress::Gzip $output [,OPTS]
               or die "IO::Compress::Gzip failed: $GzipError\n";
       It returns an "IO::Compress::Gzip" object on success and undef on
       failure.  The variable $GzipError will contain an error message on
       failure.
       If you are running Perl 5.005 or better the object, $z, returned from
       IO::Compress::Gzip can be used exactly like an IO::File filehandle.
       This means that all normal output file operations can be carried out
       with $z.  For example, to write to a compressed file/buffer you can use
       either of these forms
           $z->print("hello world\n");
           print $z "hello world\n";
       The mandatory parameter $output is used to control the destination of
       the compressed data. This parameter can take one of these forms.
       A filename
            If the $output parameter is a simple scalar, it is assumed to be a
            filename. This file will be opened for writing and the compressed
            data will be written to it.
       A filehandle
            If the $output parameter is a filehandle, the compressed data will
            be written to it.  The string '-' can be used as an alias for
            standard output.
       A scalar reference
            If $output is a scalar reference, the compressed data will be
            stored in $$output.
       If the $output parameter is any other type, "IO::Compress::Gzip"::new
       will return undef.
   Constructor Options
       "OPTS" is any combination of the following options:
       "AutoClose => 0|1"
            This option is only valid when the $output parameter is a
            filehandle. If specified, and the value is true, it will result in
            the $output being closed once either the "close" method is called
            or the "IO::Compress::Gzip" object is destroyed.
            This parameter defaults to 0.
       "Append => 0|1"
            Opens $output in append mode.
            The behaviour of this option is dependent on the type of $output.
            o    A Buffer
                 If $output is a buffer and "Append" is enabled, all
                 compressed data will be append to the end of $output.
                 Otherwise $output will be cleared before any data is written
                 to it.
            o    A Filename
                 If $output is a filename and "Append" is enabled, the file
                 will be opened in append mode. Otherwise the contents of the
                 file, if any, will be truncated before any compressed data is
                 written to it.
            o    A Filehandle
                 If $output is a filehandle, the file pointer will be
                 positioned to the end of the file via a call to "seek" before
                 any compressed data is written to it.  Otherwise the file
                 pointer will not be moved.
            This parameter defaults to 0.
       "Merge => 0|1"
            This option is used to compress input data and append it to an
            existing compressed data stream in $output. The end result is a
            single compressed data stream stored in $output.
            It is a fatal error to attempt to use this option when $output is
            not an RFC 1952 data stream.
            There are a number of other limitations with the "Merge" option:
            1.   This module needs to have been built with zlib 1.2.1 or
                 better to work. A fatal error will be thrown if "Merge" is
                 used with an older version of zlib.
            2.   If $output is a file or a filehandle, it must be seekable.
            This parameter defaults to 0.
       -Level
            Defines the compression level used by zlib. The value should
            either be a number between 0 and 9 (0 means no compression and 9
            is maximum compression), or one of the symbolic constants defined
            below.
               Z_NO_COMPRESSION
               Z_BEST_SPEED
               Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
               Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION
            The default is Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION.
            Note, these constants are not imported by "IO::Compress::Gzip" by
            default.
                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(:strategy);
                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(:constants);
                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(:all);
       -Strategy
            Defines the strategy used to tune the compression. Use one of the
            symbolic constants defined below.
               Z_FILTERED
               Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
               Z_RLE
               Z_FIXED
               Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY
            The default is Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY.
       "Minimal => 0|1"
            If specified, this option will force the creation of the smallest
            possible compliant gzip header (which is exactly 10 bytes long) as
            defined in RFC 1952.
            See the section titled "Compliance" in RFC 1952 for a definition
            of the values used for the fields in the gzip header.
            All other parameters that control the content of the gzip header
            will be ignored if this parameter is set to 1.
            This parameter defaults to 0.
       "Comment => $comment"
            Stores the contents of $comment in the COMMENT field in the gzip
            header.  By default, no comment field is written to the gzip file.
            If the "-Strict" option is enabled, the comment can only consist
            of ISO 8859-1 characters plus line feed.
            If the "-Strict" option is disabled, the comment field can contain
            any character except NULL. If any null characters are present, the
            field will be truncated at the first NULL.
       "Name => $string"
            Stores the contents of $string in the gzip NAME header field. If
            "Name" is not specified, no gzip NAME field will be created.
            If the "-Strict" option is enabled, $string can only consist of
            ISO 8859-1 characters.
            If "-Strict" is disabled, then $string can contain any character
            except NULL. If any null characters are present, the field will be
            truncated at the first NULL.
       "Time => $number"
            Sets the MTIME field in the gzip header to $number.
            This field defaults to the time the "IO::Compress::Gzip" object
            was created if this option is not specified.
       "TextFlag => 0|1"
            This parameter controls the setting of the FLG.FTEXT bit in the
            gzip header. It is used to signal that the data stored in the gzip
            file/buffer is probably text.
            The default is 0.
       "HeaderCRC => 0|1"
            When true this parameter will set the FLG.FHCRC bit to 1 in the
            gzip header and set the CRC16 header field to the CRC of the
            complete gzip header except the CRC16 field itself.
            Note that gzip files created with the "HeaderCRC" flag set to 1
            cannot be read by most, if not all, of the the standard gunzip
            utilities, most notably gzip version 1.2.4. You should therefore
            avoid using this option if you want to maximize the portability of
            your gzip files.
            This parameter defaults to 0.
       "OS_Code => $value"
            Stores $value in the gzip OS header field. A number between 0 and
            255 is valid.
            If not specified, this parameter defaults to the OS code of the
            Operating System this module was built on. The value 3 is used as
            a catch-all for all Unix variants and unknown Operating Systems.
       "ExtraField => $data"
            This parameter allows additional metadata to be stored in the
            ExtraField in the gzip header. An RFC 1952 compliant ExtraField
            consists of zero or more subfields. Each subfield consists of a
            two byte header followed by the subfield data.
            The list of subfields can be supplied in any of the following
            formats
                -ExtraField => [$id1, $data1,
                                $id2, $data2,
                                 ...
                               ]
                -ExtraField => [ [$id1 => $data1],
                                 [$id2 => $data2],
                                 ...
                               ]
                -ExtraField => { $id1 => $data1,
                                 $id2 => $data2,
                                 ...
                               }
            Where $id1, $id2 are two byte subfield ID's. The second byte of
            the ID cannot be 0, unless the "Strict" option has been disabled.
            If you use the hash syntax, you have no control over the order in
            which the ExtraSubFields are stored, plus you cannot have
            SubFields with duplicate ID.
            Alternatively the list of subfields can by supplied as a scalar,
            thus
                -ExtraField => $rawdata
            If you use the raw format, and the "Strict" option is enabled,
            "IO::Compress::Gzip" will check that $rawdata consists of zero or
            more conformant sub-fields. When "Strict" is disabled, $rawdata
            can consist of any arbitrary byte stream.
            The maximum size of the Extra Field 65535 bytes.
       "ExtraFlags => $value"
            Sets the XFL byte in the gzip header to $value.
            If this option is not present, the value stored in XFL field will
            be determined by the setting of the "Level" option.
            If "Level => Z_BEST_SPEED" has been specified then XFL is set to
            2.  If "Level => Z_BEST_COMPRESSION" has been specified then XFL
            is set to 4.  Otherwise XFL is set to 0.
       "Strict => 0|1"
            "Strict" will optionally police the values supplied with other
            options to ensure they are compliant with RFC1952.
            This option is enabled by default.
            If "Strict" is enabled the following behaviour will be policed:
            o    The value supplied with the "Name" option can only contain
                 ISO 8859-1 characters.
            o    The value supplied with the "Comment" option can only contain
                 ISO 8859-1 characters plus line-feed.
            o    The values supplied with the "-Name" and "-Comment" options
                 cannot contain multiple embedded nulls.
            o    If an "ExtraField" option is specified and it is a simple
                 scalar, it must conform to the sub-field structure as defined
                 in RFC 1952.
            o    If an "ExtraField" option is specified the second byte of the
                 ID will be checked in each subfield to ensure that it does
                 not contain the reserved value 0x00.
            When "Strict" is disabled the following behaviour will be policed:
            o    The value supplied with "-Name" option can contain any
                 character except NULL.
            o    The value supplied with "-Comment" option can contain any
                 character except NULL.
            o    The values supplied with the "-Name" and "-Comment" options
                 can contain multiple embedded nulls. The string written to
                 the gzip header will consist of the characters up to, but not
                 including, the first embedded NULL.
            o    If an "ExtraField" option is specified and it is a simple
                 scalar, the structure will not be checked. The only error is
                 if the length is too big.
            o    The ID header in an "ExtraField" sub-field can consist of any
                 two bytes.
   Examples
       TODO
Methods
   print
       Usage is
           $z->print($data)
           print $z $data
       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter. This has
       the same behaviour as the "print" built-in.
       Returns true if successful.
   printf
       Usage is
           $z->printf($format, $data)
           printf $z $format, $data
       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.
       Returns true if successful.
   syswrite
       Usage is
           $z->syswrite $data
           $z->syswrite $data, $length
           $z->syswrite $data, $length, $offset
       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.
       Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written, or "undef" if
       unsuccessful.
   write
       Usage is
           $z->write $data
           $z->write $data, $length
           $z->write $data, $length, $offset
       Compresses and outputs the contents of the $data parameter.
       Returns the number of uncompressed bytes written, or "undef" if
       unsuccessful.
   flush
       Usage is
           $z->flush;
           $z->flush($flush_type);
       Flushes any pending compressed data to the output file/buffer.
       This method takes an optional parameter, $flush_type, that controls how
       the flushing will be carried out. By default the $flush_type used is
       "Z_FINISH". Other valid values for $flush_type are "Z_NO_FLUSH",
       "Z_SYNC_FLUSH", "Z_FULL_FLUSH" and "Z_BLOCK". It is strongly
       recommended that you only set the "flush_type" parameter if you fully
       understand the implications of what it does - overuse of "flush" can
       seriously degrade the level of compression achieved. See the "zlib"
       documentation for details.
       Returns true on success.
   tell
       Usage is
           $z->tell()
           tell $z
       Returns the uncompressed file offset.
   eof
       Usage is
           $z->eof();
           eof($z);
       Returns true if the "close" method has been called.
   seek
           $z->seek($position, $whence);
           seek($z, $position, $whence);
       Provides a sub-set of the "seek" functionality, with the restriction
       that it is only legal to seek forward in the output file/buffer.  It is
       a fatal error to attempt to seek backward.
       Empty parts of the file/buffer will have NULL (0x00) bytes written to
       them.
       The $whence parameter takes one the usual values, namely SEEK_SET,
       SEEK_CUR or SEEK_END.
       Returns 1 on success, 0 on failure.
   binmode
       Usage is
           $z->binmode
           binmode $z ;
       This is a noop provided for completeness.
   opened
           $z->opened()
       Returns true if the object currently refers to a opened file/buffer.
   autoflush
           my $prev = $z->autoflush()
           my $prev = $z->autoflush(EXPR)
       If the $z object is associated with a file or a filehandle, this method
       returns the current autoflush setting for the underlying filehandle. If
       "EXPR" is present, and is non-zero, it will enable flushing after every
       write/print operation.
       If $z is associated with a buffer, this method has no effect and always
       returns "undef".
       Note that the special variable $| cannot be used to set or retrieve the
       autoflush setting.
   input_line_number
           $z->input_line_number()
           $z->input_line_number(EXPR)
       This method always returns "undef" when compressing.
   fileno
           $z->fileno()
           fileno($z)
       If the $z object is associated with a file or a filehandle, "fileno"
       will return the underlying file descriptor. Once the "close" method is
       called "fileno" will return "undef".
       If the $z object is associated with a buffer, this method will return
       "undef".
   close
           $z->close() ;
           close $z ;
       Flushes any pending compressed data and then closes the output
       file/buffer.
       For most versions of Perl this method will be automatically invoked if
       the IO::Compress::Gzip object is destroyed (either explicitly or by the
       variable with the reference to the object going out of scope). The
       exceptions are Perl versions 5.005 through 5.00504 and 5.8.0. In these
       cases, the "close" method will be called automatically, but not until
       global destruction of all live objects when the program is terminating.
       Therefore, if you want your scripts to be able to run on all versions
       of Perl, you should call "close" explicitly and not rely on automatic
       closing.
       Returns true on success, otherwise 0.
       If the "AutoClose" option has been enabled when the IO::Compress::Gzip
       object was created, and the object is associated with a file, the
       underlying file will also be closed.
   newStream([OPTS])
       Usage is
           $z->newStream( [OPTS] )
       Closes the current compressed data stream and starts a new one.
       OPTS consists of any of the the options that are available when
       creating the $z object.
       See the "Constructor Options" section for more details.
   deflateParams
       Usage is
           $z->deflateParams
       TODO
Importing
       A number of symbolic constants are required by some methods in
       "IO::Compress::Gzip". None are imported by default.
       :all Imports "gzip", $GzipError and all symbolic constants that can be
            used by "IO::Compress::Gzip". Same as doing this
                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(gzip $GzipError :constants) ;
       :constants
            Import all symbolic constants. Same as doing this
                use IO::Compress::Gzip qw(:flush :level :strategy) ;
       :flush
            These symbolic constants are used by the "flush" method.
                Z_NO_FLUSH
                Z_PARTIAL_FLUSH
                Z_SYNC_FLUSH
                Z_FULL_FLUSH
                Z_FINISH
                Z_BLOCK
       :level
            These symbolic constants are used by the "Level" option in the
            constructor.
                Z_NO_COMPRESSION
                Z_BEST_SPEED
                Z_BEST_COMPRESSION
                Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION
       :strategy
            These symbolic constants are used by the "Strategy" option in the
            constructor.
                Z_FILTERED
                Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY
                Z_RLE
                Z_FIXED
                Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY
EXAMPLES
   Apache::GZip Revisited
       See IO::Compress::FAQ
   Working with Net::FTP
       See IO::Compress::FAQ
SEE ALSO
       Compress::Zlib, IO::Uncompress::Gunzip, IO::Compress::Deflate,
       IO::Uncompress::Inflate, IO::Compress::RawDeflate,
       IO::Uncompress::RawInflate, IO::Compress::Bzip2,
       IO::Uncompress::Bunzip2, IO::Compress::Lzma, IO::Uncompress::UnLzma,
       IO::Compress::Xz, IO::Uncompress::UnXz, IO::Compress::Lzop,
       IO::Uncompress::UnLzop, IO::Compress::Lzf, IO::Uncompress::UnLzf,
       IO::Uncompress::AnyInflate, IO::Uncompress::AnyUncompress
       IO::Compress::FAQ
       File::GlobMapper, Archive::Zip, Archive::Tar, IO::Zlib
       For RFC 1950, 1951 and 1952 see http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1950.html,
       http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1951.html and
       http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1952.html
       The zlib compression library was written by Jean-loup Gailly
       gzip AT prep.edu and Mark Adler madler AT alumni.edu.
       The primary site for the zlib compression library is
       http://www.zlib.org.
       The primary site for gzip is http://www.gzip.org.
AUTHOR
       This module was written by Paul Marquess, pmqs AT cpan.org.
MODIFICATION HISTORY
       See the Changes file.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       Copyright (c) 2005-2013 Paul Marquess. All rights reserved.
       This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself.

perl v5.16.3                      2013-05-19             IO::Compress::Gzip(3)