File::Find(category27-allgemeinwissen.html) - phpMan

File::Find(3pm)        Perl Programmers Reference Guide        File::Find(3pm)

NAME
       File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
SYNOPSIS
           use File::Find;
           find(\&wanted, @directories_to_search);
           sub wanted { ... }
           use File::Find;
           finddepth(\&wanted, @directories_to_search);
           sub wanted { ... }
           use File::Find;
           find({ wanted => \&process, follow => 1 }, '.');
DESCRIPTION
       These are functions for searching through directory trees doing work on
       each file found similar to the Unix find command.  File::Find exports
       two functions, "find" and "finddepth".  They work similarly but have
       subtle differences.
       find
             find(\&wanted,  @directories);
             find(\%options, @directories);
           "find()" does a depth-first search over the given @directories in
           the order they are given.  For each file or directory found, it
           calls the &wanted subroutine.  (See below for details on how to use
           the &wanted function).  Additionally, for each directory found, it
           will "chdir()" into that directory and continue the search,
           invoking the &wanted function on each file or subdirectory in the
           directory.
       finddepth
             finddepth(\&wanted,  @directories);
             finddepth(\%options, @directories);
           "finddepth()" works just like "find()" except that it invokes the
           &wanted function for a directory after invoking it for the
           directory's contents.  It does a postorder traversal instead of a
           preorder traversal, working from the bottom of the directory tree
           up where "find()" works from the top of the tree down.
   %options
       The first argument to "find()" is either a code reference to your
       &wanted function, or a hash reference describing the operations to be
       performed for each file.  The code reference is described in "The
       wanted function" below.
       Here are the possible keys for the hash:
       "wanted"
          The value should be a code reference.  This code reference is
          described in "The wanted function" below. The &wanted subroutine is
          mandatory.
       "bydepth"
          Reports the name of a directory only AFTER all its entries have been
          reported.  Entry point "finddepth()" is a shortcut for specifying "{
          bydepth => 1 }" in the first argument of "find()".
       "preprocess"
          The value should be a code reference. This code reference is used to
          preprocess the current directory. The name of the currently
          processed directory is in $File::Find::dir. Your preprocessing
          function is called after "readdir()", but before the loop that calls
          the "wanted()" function. It is called with a list of strings
          (actually file/directory names) and is expected to return a list of
          strings. The code can be used to sort the file/directory names
          alphabetically, numerically, or to filter out directory entries
          based on their name alone. When follow or follow_fast are in effect,
          "preprocess" is a no-op.
       "postprocess"
          The value should be a code reference. It is invoked just before
          leaving the currently processed directory. It is called in void
          context with no arguments. The name of the current directory is in
          $File::Find::dir. This hook is handy for summarizing a directory,
          such as calculating its disk usage. When follow or follow_fast are
          in effect, "postprocess" is a no-op.
       "follow"
          Causes symbolic links to be followed. Since directory trees with
          symbolic links (followed) may contain files more than once and may
          even have cycles, a hash has to be built up with an entry for each
          file.  This might be expensive both in space and time for a large
          directory tree. See "follow_fast" and "follow_skip" below.  If
          either follow or follow_fast is in effect:
          o     It is guaranteed that an lstat has been called before the
                user's "wanted()" function is called. This enables fast file
                checks involving _.  Note that this guarantee no longer holds
                if follow or follow_fast are not set.
          o     There is a variable $File::Find::fullname which holds the
                absolute pathname of the file with all symbolic links
                resolved.  If the link is a dangling symbolic link, then
                fullname will be set to "undef".
          This is a no-op on Win32.
       "follow_fast"
          This is similar to follow except that it may report some files more
          than once.  It does detect cycles, however.  Since only symbolic
          links have to be hashed, this is much cheaper both in space and
          time.  If processing a file more than once (by the user's "wanted()"
          function) is worse than just taking time, the option follow should
          be used.
          This is also a no-op on Win32.
       "follow_skip"
          "follow_skip==1", which is the default, causes all files which are
          neither directories nor symbolic links to be ignored if they are
          about to be processed a second time. If a directory or a symbolic
          link are about to be processed a second time, File::Find dies.
          "follow_skip==0" causes File::Find to die if any file is about to be
          processed a second time.
          "follow_skip==2" causes File::Find to ignore any duplicate files and
          directories but to proceed normally otherwise.
       "dangling_symlinks"
          If true and a code reference, will be called with the symbolic link
          name and the directory it lives in as arguments.  Otherwise, if true
          and warnings are on, warning "symbolic_link_name is a dangling
          symbolic link\n" will be issued.  If false, the dangling symbolic
          link will be silently ignored.
       "no_chdir"
          Does not "chdir()" to each directory as it recurses. The "wanted()"
          function will need to be aware of this, of course. In this case, $_
          will be the same as $File::Find::name.
       "untaint"
          If find is used in taint-mode (-T command line switch or if EUID !=
          UID or if EGID != GID) then internally directory names have to be
          untainted before they can be chdir'ed to. Therefore they are checked
          against a regular expression untaint_pattern.  Note that all names
          passed to the user's wanted() function are still tainted. If this
          option is used while not in taint-mode, "untaint" is a no-op.
       "untaint_pattern"
          See above. This should be set using the "qr" quoting operator.  The
          default is set to  "qr|^([-+@\w./]+)$|".  Note that the parentheses
          are vital.
       "untaint_skip"
          If set, a directory which fails the untaint_pattern is skipped,
          including all its sub-directories. The default is to 'die' in such a
          case.
   The wanted function
       The "wanted()" function does whatever verifications you want on each
       file and directory.  Note that despite its name, the "wanted()"
       function is a generic callback function, and does not tell File::Find
       if a file is "wanted" or not.  In fact, its return value is ignored.
       The wanted function takes no arguments but rather does its work through
       a collection of variables.
       $File::Find::dir is the current directory name,
       $_ is the current filename within that directory
       $File::Find::name is the complete pathname to the file.
       The above variables have all been localized and may be changed without
       affecting data outside of the wanted function.
       For example, when examining the file /some/path/foo.ext you will have:
           $File::Find::dir  = /some/path/
           $_                = foo.ext
           $File::Find::name = /some/path/foo.ext
       You are chdir()'d to $File::Find::dir when the function is called,
       unless "no_chdir" was specified. Note that when changing to directories
       is in effect the root directory (/) is a somewhat special case inasmuch
       as the concatenation of $File::Find::dir, '/' and $_ is not literally
       equal to $File::Find::name. The table below summarizes all variants:
                     $File::Find::name  $File::Find::dir  $_
        default      /                  /                 .
        no_chdir=>0  /etc               /                 etc
                     /etc/x             /etc              x
        no_chdir=>1  /                  /                 /
                     /etc               /                 /etc
                     /etc/x             /etc              /etc/x
       When "follow" or "follow_fast" are in effect, there is also a
       $File::Find::fullname.  The function may set $File::Find::prune to
       prune the tree unless "bydepth" was specified.  Unless "follow" or
       "follow_fast" is specified, for compatibility reasons (find.pl,
       find2perl) there are in addition the following globals available:
       $File::Find::topdir, $File::Find::topdev, $File::Find::topino,
       $File::Find::topmode and $File::Find::topnlink.
       This library is useful for the "find2perl" tool, which when fed,
           find2perl / -name .nfs\* -mtime +7 \
               -exec rm -f {} \; -o -fstype nfs -prune
       produces something like:
           sub wanted {
               /^\.nfs.*\z/s &&
               (($dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid) = lstat($_)) &&
               int(-M _) > 7 &&
               unlink($_)
               ||
               ($nlink || (($dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid) = lstat($_))) &&
               $dev < 0 &&
               ($File::Find::prune = 1);
           }
       Notice the "_" in the above "int(-M _)": the "_" is a magical
       filehandle that caches the information from the preceding "stat()",
       "lstat()", or filetest.
       Here's another interesting wanted function.  It will find all symbolic
       links that don't resolve:
           sub wanted {
                -l && !-e && print "bogus link: $File::Find::name\n";
           }
       See also the script "pfind" on CPAN for a nice application of this
       module.
WARNINGS
       If you run your program with the "-w" switch, or if you use the
       "warnings" pragma, File::Find will report warnings for several weird
       situations. You can disable these warnings by putting the statement
           no warnings 'File::Find';
       in the appropriate scope. See perllexwarn for more info about lexical
       warnings.
CAVEAT
       $dont_use_nlink
         You can set the variable $File::Find::dont_use_nlink to 1, if you
         want to force File::Find to always stat directories. This was used
         for file systems that do not have an "nlink" count matching the
         number of sub-directories.  Examples are ISO-9660 (CD-ROM), AFS, HPFS
         (OS/2 file system), FAT (DOS file system) and a couple of others.
         You shouldn't need to set this variable, since File::Find should now
         detect such file systems on-the-fly and switch itself to using stat.
         This works even for parts of your file system, like a mounted CD-ROM.
         If you do set $File::Find::dont_use_nlink to 1, you will notice slow-
         downs.
       symlinks
         Be aware that the option to follow symbolic links can be dangerous.
         Depending on the structure of the directory tree (including symbolic
         links to directories) you might traverse a given (physical) directory
         more than once (only if "follow_fast" is in effect).  Furthermore,
         deleting or changing files in a symbolically linked directory might
         cause very unpleasant surprises, since you delete or change files in
         an unknown directory.
BUGS AND CAVEATS
       Despite the name of the "finddepth()" function, both "find()" and
       "finddepth()" perform a depth-first search of the directory hierarchy.
HISTORY
       File::Find used to produce incorrect results if called recursively.
       During the development of perl 5.8 this bug was fixed.  The first fixed
       version of File::Find was 1.01.
SEE ALSO
       find, find2perl.

perl v5.16.3                      2013-03-04                   File::Find(3pm)