pk12util(category31-clients.html) - phpMan

PK12UTIL(1)                   NSS Security Tools                   PK12UTIL(1)

NAME
       pk12util - Export and import keys and certificate to or from a PKCS #12
       file and the NSS database
SYNOPSIS
       pk12util [-i p12File|-l p12File|-o p12File] [-c keyCipher]
                [-C certCipher] [-d [sql:]directory] [-h tokenname]
                [-m | --key-len keyLength] [-M hashAlg] [-n certname]
                [-P dbprefix] [-r] [-v] [--cert-key-len certKeyLength]
                [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword]
                [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]
STATUS
       This documentation is still work in progress. Please contribute to the
       initial review in Mozilla NSS bug 836477[1]
DESCRIPTION
       The PKCS #12 utility, pk12util, enables sharing certificates among any
       server that supports PKCS #12. The tool can import certificates and
       keys from PKCS #12 files into security databases, export certificates,
       and list certificates and keys.
OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS
       Options
       -i p12file
           Import keys and certificates from a PKCS #12 file into a security
           database.
       -l p12file
           List the keys and certificates in PKCS #12 file.
       -o p12file
           Export keys and certificates from the security database to a PKCS
           #12 file.
       Arguments
       -c keyCipher
           Specify the key encryption algorithm.
       -C certCipher
           Specify the certiticate encryption algorithm.
       -d [sql:]directory
           Specify the database directory into which to import to or export
           from certificates and keys.
           pk12util supports two types of databases: the legacy security
           databases (cert8.db, key3.db, and secmod.db) and new SQLite
           databases (cert9.db, key4.db, and pkcs11.txt). If the prefix sql:
           is not used, then the tool assumes that the given databases are in
           the old format.
       -h tokenname
           Specify the name of the token to import into or export from.
       -k slotPasswordFile
           Specify the text file containing the slot's password.
       -K slotPassword
           Specify the slot's password.
       -m | --key-len keyLength
           Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to
           encrypt the private key.
       -M hashAlg
           Specify the hash algorithm used in the pkcs #12 mac. This algorithm
           also specifies the HMAC used in the prf when using pkcs #5 v2.
       --cert-key-len certKeyLength
           Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to
           encrypt the certificates and other meta-data.
       -n certname
           Specify the nickname of the cert and private key to export.
           The nickname can also be a PKCS #11 URI. For example, if you have a
           certificate named "my-server-cert" on the internal certificate
           store, it can be unambiguously specified as
           "pkcs11:token=NSS%20Certificate%20DB;object=my-server-cert". For
           details about the format, see RFC 7512.
       -P prefix
           Specify the prefix used on the certificate and key databases. This
           option is provided as a special case. Changing the names of the
           certificate and key databases is not recommended.
       -r
           Dumps all of the data in raw (binary) form. This must be saved as a
           DER file. The default is to return information in a pretty-print
           ASCII format, which displays the information about the certificates
           and public keys in the p12 file.
       -v
           Enable debug logging when importing.
       -w p12filePasswordFile
           Specify the text file containing the pkcs #12 file password.
       -W p12filePassword
           Specify the pkcs #12 file password.
RETURN CODES
       o   0 - No error
       o   1 - User Cancelled
       o   2 - Usage error
       o   6 - NLS init error
       o   8 - Certificate DB open error
       o   9 - Key DB open error
       o   10 - File initialization error
       o   11 - Unicode conversion error
       o   12 - Temporary file creation error
       o   13 - PKCS11 get slot error
       o   14 - PKCS12 decoder start error
       o   15 - error read from import file
       o   16 - pkcs12 decode error
       o   17 - pkcs12 decoder verify error
       o   18 - pkcs12 decoder validate bags error
       o   19 - pkcs12 decoder import bags error
       o   20 - key db conversion version 3 to version 2 error
       o   21 - cert db conversion version 7 to version 5 error
       o   22 - cert and key dbs patch error
       o   23 - get default cert db error
       o   24 - find cert by nickname error
       o   25 - create export context error
       o   26 - PKCS12 add password itegrity error
       o   27 - cert and key Safes creation error
       o   28 - PKCS12 add cert and key error
       o   29 - PKCS12 encode error
EXAMPLES
       Importing Keys and Certificates
       The most basic usage of pk12util for importing a certificate or key is
       the PKCS #12 input file (-i) and some way to specify the security
       database being accessed (either -d for a directory or -h for a token).
       pk12util -i p12File [-h tokenname] [-v] [-d [sql:]directory] [-P
       dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w
       p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]
       For example:
           # pk12util -i /tmp/cert-files/users.p12 -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
           Enter a password which will be used to encrypt your keys.
           The password should be at least 8 characters long,
           and should contain at least one non-alphabetic character.
           Enter new password:
           Re-enter password:
           Enter password for PKCS12 file:
           pk12util: PKCS12 IMPORT SUCCESSFUL
       Exporting Keys and Certificates
       Using the pk12util command to export certificates and keys requires
       both the name of the certificate to extract from the database (-n) and
       the PKCS #12-formatted output file to write to. There are optional
       parameters that can be used to encrypt the file to protect the
       certificate material.
       pk12util -o p12File -n certname [-c keyCipher] [-C certCipher]
       [-m|--key_len keyLen] [-n|--cert_key_len certKeyLen] [-d
       [sql:]directory] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword]
       [-w p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]
       For example:
           # pk12util -o certs.p12 -n Server-Cert -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
           Enter password for PKCS12 file:
           Re-enter password:
       Listing Keys and Certificates
       The information in a .p12 file are not human-readable. The certificates
       and keys in the file can be printed (listed) in a human-readable
       pretty-print format that shows information for every certificate and
       any public keys in the .p12 file.
       pk12util -l p12File [-h tokenname] [-r] [-d [sql:]directory] [-P
       dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile|-K slotPassword] [-w
       p12filePasswordFile|-W p12filePassword]
       For example, this prints the default ASCII output:
           # pk12util -l certs.p12
           Enter password for PKCS12 file:
           Key(shrouded):
               Friendly Name: Thawte Freemail Member's Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd. ID
               Encryption algorithm: PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 3KEY Triple DES-CBC
                   Parameters:
                       Salt:
                           45:2e:6a:a0:03:4d:7b:a1:63:3c:15:ea:67:37:62:1f
                       Iteration Count: 1 (0x1)
           Certificate:
               Data:
                   Version: 3 (0x2)
                   Serial Number: 13 (0xd)
                   Signature Algorithm: PKCS #1 SHA-1 With RSA Encryption
                   Issuer: "E=personal-freemail AT thawte.com,CN=Thawte Personal Freemail C
                       A,OU=Certification Services Division,O=Thawte Consulting,L=Cape T
                       own,ST=Western Cape,C=ZA"

       Alternatively, the -r prints the certificates and then exports them
       into separate DER binary files. This allows the certificates to be fed
       to another application that supports .p12 files. Each certificate is
       written to a sequentially-number file, beginning with file0001.der and
       continuing through file000N.der, incrementing the number for every
       certificate:
           pk12util -l test.p12 -r
           Enter password for PKCS12 file:
           Key(shrouded):
               Friendly Name: Thawte Freemail Member's Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd. ID
               Encryption algorithm: PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 3KEY Triple DES-CBC
                   Parameters:
                       Salt:
                           45:2e:6a:a0:03:4d:7b:a1:63:3c:15:ea:67:37:62:1f
                       Iteration Count: 1 (0x1)
           Certificate    Friendly Name: Thawte Personal Freemail Issuing CA - Thawte Consulting
           Certificate    Friendly Name: Thawte Freemail Member's Thawte Consulting (Pty) Ltd. ID

PASSWORD ENCRYPTION
       PKCS #12 provides for not only the protection of the private keys but
       also the certificate and meta-data associated with the keys.
       Password-based encryption is used to protect private keys on export to
       a PKCS #12 file and, optionally, the associated certificates. If no
       algorithm is specified, the tool defaults to using PKCS #12 SHA-1 and
       3-key triple DES for private key encryption. When not in FIPS mode,
       PKCS #12 SHA-1 and 40-bit RC4 is used for certificate encryption. When
       in FIPS mode, there is no certificate encryption. If certificate
       encryption is not wanted, specify "NONE" as the argument of the -C
       option.
       The private key is always protected with strong encryption by default.
       Several types of ciphers are supported.
       PKCS #5 password-based encryption
           o   PBES2 with AES-CBC-Pad as underlying encryption scheme
               ("AES-128-CBC", "AES-192-CBC", and "AES-256-CBC")
       PKCS #12 password-based encryption
           o   SHA-1 and 128-bit RC4 ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 128 Bit
               RC4" or "RC4")
           o   SHA-1 and 40-bit RC4 ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 40 Bit
               RC4") (used by default for certificate encryption in non-FIPS
               mode)
           o   SHA-1 and 3-key triple-DES ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And
               3KEY Triple DES-CBC" or "DES-EDE3-CBC")
           o   SHA-1 and 128-bit RC2 ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 128 Bit
               RC2 CBC" or "RC2-CBC")
           o   SHA-1 and 40-bit RC2 ("PKCS #12 V2 PBE With SHA-1 And 40 Bit
               RC2 CBC")
       With PKCS #12, the crypto provider may be the soft token module or an
       external hardware module. If the cryptographic module does not support
       the requested algorithm, then the next best fit will be selected
       (usually the default). If no suitable replacement for the desired
       algorithm can be found, the tool returns the error no security module
       can perform the requested operation.
NSS DATABASE TYPES
       NSS originally used BerkeleyDB databases to store security information.
       The last versions of these legacy databases are:
       o   cert8.db for certificates
       o   key3.db for keys
       o   secmod.db for PKCS #11 module information
       BerkeleyDB has performance limitations, though, which prevent it from
       being easily used by multiple applications simultaneously. NSS has some
       flexibility that allows applications to use their own, independent
       database engine while keeping a shared database and working around the
       access issues. Still, NSS requires more flexibility to provide a truly
       shared security database.
       In 2009, NSS introduced a new set of databases that are SQLite
       databases rather than BerkleyDB. These new databases provide more
       accessibility and performance:
       o   cert9.db for certificates
       o   key4.db for keys
       o   pkcs11.txt, which is listing of all of the PKCS #11 modules
           contained in a new subdirectory in the security databases directory
       Because the SQLite databases are designed to be shared, these are the
       shared database type. The shared database type is preferred; the legacy
       format is included for backward compatibility.
       By default, the tools (certutil, pk12util, modutil) assume that the
       given security databases follow the more common legacy type. Using the
       SQLite databases must be manually specified by using the sql: prefix
       with the given security directory. For example:
           # pk12util -i /tmp/cert-files/users.p12 -d sql:/home/my/sharednssdb
       To set the shared database type as the default type for the tools, set
       the NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE environment variable to sql:
           export NSS_DEFAULT_DB_TYPE="sql"
       This line can be set added to the ~/.bashrc file to make the change
       permanent.
       Most applications do not use the shared database by default, but they
       can be configured to use them. For example, this how-to article covers
       how to configure Firefox and Thunderbird to use the new shared NSS
       databases:
       o   https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto
       For an engineering draft on the changes in the shared NSS databases,
       see the NSS project wiki:
       o   https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB
COMPATIBILITY NOTES
       The exporting behavior of pk12util has changed over time, while
       importing files exported with older versions of NSS is still supported.
       Until the 3.30 release, pk12util used the UTF-16 encoding for the PKCS
       #5 password-based encryption schemes, while the recommendation is to
       encode passwords in UTF-8 if the used encryption scheme is defined
       outside of the PKCS #12 standard.
       Until the 3.31 release, even when "AES-128-CBC" or "AES-192-CBC" is
       given from the command line, pk12util always used 256-bit AES as the
       underlying encryption scheme.
       For historical reasons, pk12util accepts password-based encryption
       schemes not listed in this document. However, those schemes are not
       officially supported and may have issues in interoperability with other
       tools.
SEE ALSO
       certutil (1)
       modutil (1)
       The NSS wiki has information on the new database design and how to
       configure applications to use it.
       o   https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB_Howto
       o   https://wiki.mozilla.org/NSS_Shared_DB
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
       For information about NSS and other tools related to NSS (like JSS),
       check out the NSS project wiki at
       http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/. The NSS site relates
       directly to NSS code changes and releases.
       Mailing lists: https://lists.mozilla.org/listinfo/dev-tech-crypto
       IRC: Freenode at #dogtag-pki
AUTHORS
       The NSS tools were written and maintained by developers with Netscape,
       Red Hat, Sun, Oracle, Mozilla, and Google.
       Authors: Elio Maldonado <emaldona AT redhat.com>, Deon Lackey
       <dlackey AT redhat.com>.
LICENSE
       Licensed under the Mozilla Public License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL
       was not distributed with this file, You can obtain one at
       http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
NOTES
        1. Mozilla NSS bug 836477
           https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=836477

nss-tools 3.90.0                  Nov 13 2013                      PK12UTIL(1)