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PAM(8)                         Linux-PAM Manual                         PAM(8)
NAME
       PAM, pam - Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux
DESCRIPTION
       This manual is intended to offer a quick introduction to Linux-PAM. For
       more information the reader is directed to the Linux-PAM system
       administrators' guide.
       Linux-PAM is a system of libraries that handle the authentication tasks
       of applications (services) on the system. The library provides a stable
       general interface (Application Programming Interface - API) that
       privilege granting programs (such as login(1) and su(1)) defer to to
       perform standard authentication tasks.
       The principal feature of the PAM approach is that the nature of the
       authentication is dynamically configurable. In other words, the system
       administrator is free to choose how individual service-providing
       applications will authenticate users. This dynamic configuration is set
       by the contents of the single Linux-PAM configuration file
       /etc/pam.conf. Alternatively, the configuration can be set by
       individual configuration files located in the /etc/pam.d/ directory.
       The presence of this directory will cause Linux-PAM to
       ignore/etc/pam.conf.
       Vendor-supplied PAM configuration files might be installed in the
       system directory /usr/lib/pam.d/ instead of the machine configuration
       directory /etc/pam.d/. If no machine configuration file is found, the
       vendor-supplied file is used. All files in /etc/pam.d/ override files
       with the same name in /usr/lib/pam.d/.
       From the point of view of the system administrator, for whom this
       manual is provided, it is not of primary importance to understand the
       internal behavior of the Linux-PAM library. The important point to
       recognize is that the configuration file(s) define the connection
       between applications (services) and the pluggable authentication
       modules (PAMs) that perform the actual authentication tasks.
       Linux-PAM separates the tasks of authentication into four independent
       management groups: account management; authentication management;
       password management; and session management. (We highlight the
       abbreviations used for these groups in the configuration file.)
       Simply put, these groups take care of different aspects of a typical
       user's request for a restricted service:
       account - provide account verification types of service: has the user's
       password expired?; is this user permitted access to the requested
       service?
       authentication - authenticate a user and set up user credentials.
       Typically this is via some challenge-response request that the user
       must satisfy: if you are who you claim to be please enter your
       password. Not all authentications are of this type, there exist
       hardware based authentication schemes (such as the use of smart-cards
       and biometric devices), with suitable modules, these may be substituted
       seamlessly for more standard approaches to authentication - such is the
       flexibility of Linux-PAM.
       password - this group's responsibility is the task of updating
       authentication mechanisms. Typically, such services are strongly
       coupled to those of the auth group. Some authentication mechanisms lend
       themselves well to being updated with such a function. Standard UN*X
       password-based access is the obvious example: please enter a
       replacement password.
       session - this group of tasks cover things that should be done prior to
       a service being given and after it is withdrawn. Such tasks include the
       maintenance of audit trails and the mounting of the user's home
       directory. The session management group is important as it provides
       both an opening and closing hook for modules to affect the services
       available to a user.
FILES
       /etc/pam.conf
           the configuration file
       /etc/pam.d
           the Linux-PAM configuration directory. Generally, if this directory
           is present, the /etc/pam.conf file is ignored.
       /usr/lib/pam.d
           the Linux-PAM vendor configuration directory. Files in /etc/pam.d
           override files with the same name in this directory.
ERRORS
       Typically errors generated by the Linux-PAM system of libraries, will
       be written to syslog(3).
CONFORMING TO
       DCE-RFC 86.0, October 1995. Contains additional features, but remains
       backwardly compatible with this RFC.
SEE ALSO
       pam(3), pam_authenticate(3), pam_sm_setcred(3), pam_strerror(3), PAM(8)
Linux-PAM Manual                  05/18/2018                            PAM(8)