LVMSYSTEMID(7) LVMSYSTEMID(7)
NAME
lvmsystemid -- LVM system ID
DESCRIPTION
The lvm(8) system ID restricts Volume Group (VG) access to one host.
This is useful when a VG is placed on shared storage devices, or when
local devices are visible to both host and guest operating systems. In
cases like these, a VG can be visible to multiple hosts at once, and
some mechanism is needed to protect it from being used by more than one
host at a time.
A VG's system ID identifies one host as the VG owner. The host with a
matching system ID can use the VG and its LVs, while LVM on other hosts
will ignore it. This protects the VG from being accidentally used from
other hosts.
The system ID is a string that uniquely identifies a host. It can be
configured as a custom value, or it can be assigned automatically by
LVM using some unique identifier already available on the host, e.g.
machine-id or uname.
When a new VG is created, the system ID of the local host is recorded
in the VG metadata. The creating host then owns the new VG, and LVM on
other hosts will ignore it. When an existing, exported VG is imported
(vgimport), the system ID of the local host is saved in the VG meta-
data, and the importing host owns the VG.
A VG without a system ID can be used by LVM on any host where the VG's
devices are visible. When system IDs are not used, device filters
should be configured on all hosts to exclude the VG's devices from all
but one host.
A foreign VG is a VG seen by a host with an unmatching system ID, i.e.
the system ID in the VG metadata does not match the system ID config-
ured on the host. If the host has no system ID, and the VG does, the
VG is foreign and LVM will ignore it. If the VG has no system ID,
access is unrestricted, and LVM can access it from any host, whether
the host has a system ID or not.
Changes to a host's system ID and a VG's system ID can be made in lim-
ited circumstances (see vgexport and vgimport). Improper changes can
result in a host losing access to its VG, or a VG being accidentally
damaged by access from an unintended host. Even limited changes to the
VG system ID may not be perfectly reflected across hosts. A more
coherent view of shared storage requires an inter-host locking system
to coordinate access and update caches.
Valid system ID characters are the same as valid VG name characters.
If a system ID contains invalid characters, those characters are omit-
ted and remaining characters are used. If a system ID is longer than
the maximum name length, the characters up to the maximum length are
used. The maximum length of a system ID is 128 characters.
Print the system ID of a VG to check if it is set:
vgs -o systemid VG
Print the system ID of the local host to check if it is configured:
lvm systemid
Limitations and warnings
To benefit fully from system ID, all hosts should have a system ID con-
figured, and all VGs should have a system ID set. Without any method
to restrict access, e.g. system ID or device filters, a VG that is vis-
ible to multiple hosts can be accidentally damaged or destroyed.
o A VG without a system ID can be used without restriction from any
host where it is visible, even from hosts that have a system ID.
o Many VGs will not have a system ID set because LVM has not enabled it
by default, and even when enabled, many VGs were created before the
feature was added to LVM or enabled. A system ID can be assigned to
these VGs by using vgchange --systemid (see below).
o Two hosts should not be assigned the same system ID. Doing so
defeats the purpose of distinguishing different hosts with this
value.
o Orphan PVs (or unused devices) on shared storage are unprotected by
the system ID feature. Commands that use these PVs, such as vgcreate
or vgextend, are not prevented from performing conflicting operations
and corrupting the PVs. See the orphans section for more informa-
tion.
o The system ID does not protect devices in a VG from programs other
than LVM.
o A host using an old LVM version (without the system ID feature) will
not recognize a system ID set in VGs. The old LVM can read a VG with
a system ID, but is prevented from writing to the VG (or its LVs).
The system ID feature changes the write mode of a VG, making it
appear read-only to previous versions of LVM.
This also means that if a host downgrades to the old LVM version, it
would lose access to any VGs it had created with a system ID. To
avoid this, the system ID should be removed from local VGs before
downgrading LVM to a version without the system ID feature.
Types of VG access
A local VG is meant to be used by a single host.
A shared or clustered VG is meant to be used by multiple hosts.
These can be further distinguished as:
Unrestricted: A local VG that has no system ID. This VG type is unpro-
tected and accessible to any host.
Owned: A local VG that has a system ID set, as viewed from the host
with a matching system ID (the owner). This VG type is acessible to
the host.
Foreign: A local VG that has a system ID set, as viewed from any host
with an unmatching system ID (or no system ID). It is owned by another
host. This VG type is not accessible to the host.
Exported: A local VG that has been exported with vgexport and has no
system ID. This VG type can only be accessed by vgimport which will
change it to owned.
Shared: A shared or "lockd" VG has the lock_type set and has no system
ID. A shared VG is meant to be used on shared storage from multiple
hosts, and is only accessible to hosts using lvmlockd. Applicable only
if LVM is compiled with lvmlockd support.
Clustered: A clustered or "clvm" VG has the clustered flag set and has
no system ID. A clustered VG is meant to be used on shared storage
from multiple hosts, and is only accessible to hosts using clvmd.
Applicable only if LVM is compiled with clvm support.
Host system ID configuration
A host's own system ID can be defined in a number of ways. lvm.conf
global/system_id_source defines the method LVM will use to find the
local system ID:
none
LVM will not use a system ID. LVM is allowed to access VGs
without a system ID, and will create new VGs without a system
ID. An undefined system_id_source is equivalent to none.
lvm.conf
global {
system_id_source = "none"
}
machineid
The content of /etc/machine-id is used as the system ID if
available. See machine-id(5) and systemd-machine-id-setup(1) to
check if machine-id is available on the host.
lvm.conf
global {
system_id_source = "machineid"
}
uname
The string utsname.nodename from uname(2) is used as the system
ID. A uname beginning with "localhost" is ignored and equiva-
lent to none.
lvm.conf
global {
system_id_source = "uname"
}
lvmlocal
The system ID is defined in lvmlocal.conf local/system_id.
lvm.conf
global {
system_id_source = "lvmlocal"
}
lvmlocal.conf
local {
system_id = "example_name"
}
file
The system ID is defined in a file specified by lvm.conf
global/system_id_file.
lvm.conf
global {
system_id_source = "file"
system_id_file = "/path/to/file"
}
Changing system_id_source will likely cause the system ID of the host
to change, which will prevent the host from using VGs that it previ-
ously used (see extra_system_ids below to handle this.)
If a system_id_source other than none fails to produce a system ID
value, it is the equivalent of having none. The host will be allowed
to access VGs with no system ID, but will not be allowed to access VGs
with a system ID set.
Overriding system ID
In some cases, it may be necessary for a host to access VGs with dif-
ferent system IDs, e.g. if a host's system ID changes, and it wants to
use VGs that it created with its old system ID. To allow a host to
access VGs with other system IDs, those other system IDs can be listed
in lvmlocal.conf local/extra_system_ids.
lvmlocal.conf
local {
extra_system_ids = [ "my_other_name" ]
}
A safer option may be configuring the extra values as needed on the
command line as:
--config 'local/extra_system_ids=["id"]'
vgcreate
In vgcreate, the host running the command assigns its own system ID to
the new VG. To override this and set another system ID:
vgcreate --systemid SystemID VG PVs
Overriding the host's system ID makes it possible for a host to create
a VG that it may not be able to use. Another host with a system ID
matching the one specified may not recognize the new VG without manu-
ally rescanning devices.
If the --systemid argument is an empty string (""), the VG is created
with no system ID, making it accessible to other hosts (see warnings
above.)
report/display
The system ID of a VG is displayed with the "systemid" reporting
option.
Report/display commands ignore foreign VGs by default. To report for-
eign VGs, the --foreign option can be used. This causes the VGs to be
read from disk. Because lvmetad caching is not used, this option can
cause poor performance.
vgs --foreign -o +systemid
When a host with no system ID sees foreign VGs, it warns about them as
they are skipped. The host should be assigned a system ID, after which
standard reporting commands will silently ignore foreign VGs.
vgexport/vgimport
vgexport clears the system ID.
Other hosts will continue to see a newly exported VG as foreign because
of local caching (when lvmetad is used). Manually updating the local
lvmetad cache with pvscan --cache will allow a host to recognize the
newly exported VG.
vgimport sets the VG system ID to the system ID of the host doing the
import. vgimport automatically scans storage for newly exported VGs.
After vgimport, the exporting host may continue to see the VG as
exported, and not owned by the new host. Manually updating the local
cache with pvscan --cache will allow a host to recognize the newly
imported VG as foreign.
vgchange
A host can change the system ID of its own VGs, but the command
requires confirmation because the host may lose access to the VG being
changed:
vgchange --systemid SystemID VG
The system ID can be removed from a VG by specifying an empty string
("") as the new system ID. This makes the VG accessible to other hosts
(see warnings above.)
A host cannot directly change the system ID of a foreign VG.
To move a VG from one host to another, vgexport and vgimport should be
used.
To forcibly gain ownership of a foreign VG, a host can temporarily add
the foreign system ID to its extra_system_ids list, and change the sys-
tem ID of the foreign VG to its own. See Overriding system ID above.
shared VGs
A shared VG has no system ID set, allowing multiple hosts to use it via
lvmlockd. Changing a VG to shared will clear the existing system ID.
Applicable only if LVM is compiled with lvmlockd support.
clustered VGs
A clustered/clvm VG has no system ID set, allowing multiple hosts to
use it via clvmd. Changing a VG to clustered will clear the existing
system ID. Changing a VG to not clustered will set the system ID to
the host running the vgchange command.
creation_host
In vgcreate, the VG metadata field creation_host is set by default to
the host's uname. The creation_host cannot be changed, and is not used
to control access. When system_id_source is "uname", the system_id and
creation_host fields will be the same.
orphans
Orphan PVs are unused devices; they are not currently used in any VG.
Because of this, they are not protected by a system ID, and any host
can use them. Coordination of changes to orphan PVs is beyond the
scope of system ID. The same is true of any block device that is not a
PV.
The effects of this are especially evident when LVM uses lvmetad
caching. For example, if multiple hosts see an orphan PV, and one host
creates a VG using the orphan, the other hosts will continue to report
the PV as an orphan. Nothing would automatically prevent the other
hosts from using the newly allocated PV and corrupting it. If the
other hosts run a command to rescan devices, and update lvmetad, they
would then recognize that the PV has been used by another host. A com-
mand that rescans devices could be pvscan --cache, or vgs --foreign.
SEE ALSO
vgcreate(8), vgchange(8), vgimport(8), vgexport(8), vgs(8), lvm-
lockd(8), lvm.conf(5), machine-id(5), uname(2)
Red Hat, Inc LVM TOOLS 2.02.187(2)-RHEL7 (2020-03-24) LVMSYSTEMID(7)
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