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CATOPEN(3)                 Linux Programmer's Manual                CATOPEN(3)
NAME
       catopen, catclose - open/close a message catalog
SYNOPSIS
       #include <nl_types.h>
       nl_catd catopen(const char *name, int flag);
       int catclose(nl_catd catalog);
DESCRIPTION
       The  function  catopen()  opens a message catalog and returns a catalog
       descriptor.   The  descriptor  remains  valid   until   catclose()   or
       execve(2).   If a file descriptor is used to implement catalog descrip-
       tors, then the FD_CLOEXEC flag will be set.
       The argument name specifies the name  of  the  message  catalog  to  be
       opened.   If  name  specifies  an absolute path (i.e., contains a '/'),
       then name specifies a pathname for the message catalog.  Otherwise, the
       environment  variable NLSPATH is used with name substituted for %N (see
       locale(7)).  It is unspecified whether NLSPATH will be  used  when  the
       process has root privileges.  If NLSPATH does not exist in the environ-
       ment, or if a message catalog cannot be opened  in  any  of  the  paths
       specified  by  it,  then  an implementation defined path is used.  This
       latter default path may depend on the LC_MESSAGES locale  setting  when
       the flag argument is NL_CAT_LOCALE and on the LANG environment variable
       when the flag argument is 0.  Changing  the  LC_MESSAGES  part  of  the
       locale may invalidate open catalog descriptors.
       The  flag  argument to catopen() is used to indicate the source for the
       language to use.  If it is set to NL_CAT_LOCALE, then it will  use  the
       current  locale  setting  for  LC_MESSAGES.  Otherwise, it will use the
       LANG environment variable.
       The function catclose() closes the message catalog identified by  cata-
       log.   It  invalidates any subsequent references to the message catalog
       defined by catalog.
RETURN VALUE
       The function catopen() returns a message  catalog  descriptor  of  type
       nl_catd on success.  On failure, it returns (nl_catd) -1 and sets errno
       to indicate the error.  The possible error values include all  possible
       values for the open(2) call.
       The function catclose() returns 0 on success, or -1 on failure.
ENVIRONMENT
       LC_MESSAGES
              May  be  the  source of the LC_MESSAGES locale setting, and thus
              determine the language to use if flag is set to NL_CAT_LOCALE.
       LANG   The language to use if flag is 0.
ATTRIBUTES
       For  an  explanation  of  the  terms  used   in   this   section,   see
       attributes(7).
       +-----------+---------------+-------------+
       |Interface  | Attribute     | Value       |
       +-----------+---------------+-------------+
       |catopen()  | Thread safety | MT-Safe env |
       +-----------+---------------+-------------+
       |catclose() | Thread safety | MT-Safe     |
       +-----------+---------------+-------------+
CONFORMING TO
       POSIX.1-2001, POSIX.1-2008.
NOTES
       The   above   is   the   POSIX.1  description.   The  glibc  value  for
       NL_CAT_LOCALE is 1.  The default path varies, but usually  looks  at  a
       number of places below /usr/share/locale.
SEE ALSO
       catgets(3), setlocale(3)
COLOPHON
       This  page  is  part of release 4.15 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, information about reporting bugs,  and  the
       latest     version     of     this    page,    can    be    found    at
       https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
GNU                               2015-08-08                        CATOPEN(3)