Text::Diff(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Text::Diff(3)
NAME
Text::Diff - Perform diffs on files and record sets
SYNOPSIS
use Text::Diff;
## Mix and match filenames, strings, file handles, producer subs,
## or arrays of records; returns diff in a string.
## WARNING: can return B<large> diffs for large files.
my $diff = diff "file1.txt", "file2.txt", { STYLE => "Context" };
my $diff = diff \$string1, \$string2, \%options;
my $diff = diff \*FH1, \*FH2;
my $diff = diff \&reader1, \&reader2;
my $diff = diff \@records1, \@records2;
## May also mix input types:
my $diff = diff \@records1, "file_B.txt";
DESCRIPTION
"diff()" provides a basic set of services akin to the GNU "diff"
utility. It is not anywhere near as feature complete as GNU "diff",
but it is better integrated with Perl and available on all platforms.
It is often faster than shelling out to a system's "diff" executable
for small files, and generally slower on larger files.
Relies on Algorithm::Diff for, well, the algorithm. This may not
produce the same exact diff as a system's local "diff" executable, but
it will be a valid diff and comprehensible by "patch". We haven't seen
any differences between Algorithm::Diff's logic and GNU "diff"'s, but
we have not examined them to make sure they are indeed identical.
Note: If you don't want to import the "diff" function, do one of the
following:
use Text::Diff ();
require Text::Diff;
That's a pretty rare occurrence, so "diff()" is exported by default.
If you pass a filename, but the file can't be read, then "diff()" will
"croak".
OPTIONS
"diff()" takes two parameters from which to draw input and a set of
options to control its output. The options are:
FILENAME_A, MTIME_A, FILENAME_B, MTIME_B
The name of the file and the modification time "files".
These are filled in automatically for each file when "diff()" is
passed a filename, unless a defined value is passed in.
If a filename is not passed in and FILENAME_A and FILENAME_B are
not provided or are "undef", the header will not be printed.
Unused on "OldStyle" diffs.
OFFSET_A, OFFSET_B
The index of the first line / element. These default to 1 for all
parameter types except ARRAY references, for which the default is
0. This is because ARRAY references are presumed to be data
structures, while the others are line-oriented text.
STYLE
"Unified", "Context", "OldStyle", or an object or class reference
for a class providing "file_header()", "hunk_header()", "hunk()",
"hunk_footer()" and "file_footer()" methods. The two footer()
methods are provided for overloading only; none of the formats
provide them.
Defaults to "Unified" (unlike standard "diff", but Unified is
what's most often used in submitting patches and is the most human
readable of the three.
If the package indicated by the STYLE has no "hunk()" method,
"diff()" will load it automatically (lazy loading). Since all such
packages should inherit from "Text::Diff::Base", this should be
marvy.
Styles may be specified as class names ("STYLE => 'Foo'"), in which
case they will be "new()"ed with no parameters, or as objects
("STYLE => Foo->new").
CONTEXT
How many lines before and after each diff to display. Ignored on
old-style diffs. Defaults to 3.
OUTPUT
Examples and their equivalent subroutines:
OUTPUT => \*FOOHANDLE, # like: sub { print FOOHANDLE shift() }
OUTPUT => \$output, # like: sub { $output .= shift }
OUTPUT => \@output, # like: sub { push @output, shift }
OUTPUT => sub { $output .= shift },
If no "OUTPUT" is supplied, returns the diffs in a string. If
"OUTPUT" is a "CODE" ref, it will be called once with the
(optional) file header, and once for each hunk body with the text
to emit. If "OUTPUT" is an IO::Handle, output will be emitted to
that handle.
FILENAME_PREFIX_A, FILENAME_PREFIX_B
The string to print before the filename in the header. Unused on
"OldStyle" diffs. Defaults are "---", "+++" for Unified and "***",
"+++" for Context.
KEYGEN, KEYGEN_ARGS
These are passed to "traverse_sequences" in Algorithm::Diff.
Note: if neither "FILENAME_" option is defined, the header will not be
printed. If at least one is present, the other and both "MTIME_"
options must be present or "Use of undefined variable" warnings will be
generated (except on "OldStyle" diffs, which ignores these options).
Formatting Classes
These functions implement the output formats. They are grouped in to
classes so "diff()" can use class names to call the correct set of
output routines and so that you may inherit from them easily. There
are no constructors or instance methods for these classes, though
subclasses may provide them if need be.
Each class has "file_header()", "hunk_header()", "hunk()", and
"footer()" methods identical to those documented in the
"Text::Diff::Unified" section. "header()" is called before the
"hunk()" is first called, "footer()" afterwards. The default footer
function is an empty method provided for overloading:
sub footer { return "End of patch\n" }
Some output formats are provided by external modules (which are loaded
automatically), such as Text::Diff::Table. These are are documented
here to keep the documentation simple.
Text::Diff::Base
Returns "" for all methods (other than "new()").
Text::Diff::Unified
--- A Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
+++ B Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
2
3
4
-5d
+5a
6
7
8
9
+9a
10
11
-11d
12
13
Text::Diff::Unified::file_header
$s = Text::Diff::Unified->file_header( $options );
Returns a string containing a unified header. The sole parameter
is the "options" hash passed in to "diff()", containing at least:
FILENAME_A => $fn1,
MTIME_A => $mtime1,
FILENAME_B => $fn2,
MTIME_B => $mtime2
May also contain
FILENAME_PREFIX_A => "---",
FILENAME_PREFIX_B => "+++",
to override the default prefixes (default values shown).
Text::Diff::Unified::hunk_header
Text::Diff::Unified->hunk_header( \@ops, $options );
Returns a string containing the heading of one hunk of unified
diff.
Text::Diff::Unified::hunk
Text::Diff::Unified->hunk( \@seq_a, \@seq_b, \@ops, $options );
Returns a string containing the output of one hunk of unified diff.
Text::Diff::Table
+--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+
| |../Test-Differences-0.2/MANIFEST | |../Test-Differences/MANIFEST |
| |Thu Dec 13 15:38:49 2001 | |Sat Dec 15 02:09:44 2001 |
+--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+
| | * 1|Changes *
| 1|Differences.pm | 2|Differences.pm |
| 2|MANIFEST | 3|MANIFEST |
| | * 4|MANIFEST.SKIP *
| 3|Makefile.PL | 5|Makefile.PL |
| | * 6|t/00escape.t *
| 4|t/00flatten.t | 7|t/00flatten.t |
| 5|t/01text_vs_data.t | 8|t/01text_vs_data.t |
| 6|t/10test.t | 9|t/10test.t |
+--+----------------------------------+--+------------------------------+
This format also goes to some pains to highlight "invisible" characters
on differing elements by selectively escaping whitespace:
+--+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| |demo_ws_A.txt |demo_ws_B.txt |
| |Fri Dec 21 08:36:32 2001 |Fri Dec 21 08:36:50 2001 |
+--+--------------------------+--------------------------+
| 1|identical |identical |
* 2| spaced in | also spaced in *
* 3|embedded space |embedded tab *
| 4|identical |identical |
* 5| spaced in |\ttabbed in *
* 6|trailing spaces\s\s\n |trailing tabs\t\t\n *
| 7|identical |identical |
* 8|lf line\n |crlf line\r\n *
* 9|embedded ws |embedded\tws *
+--+--------------------------+--------------------------+
See Text::Diff::Table for more details, including how the whitespace
escaping works.
Text::Diff::Context
*** A Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
--- B Mon Nov 12 23:49:30 2001
***************
*** 2,14 ****
2
3
4
! 5d
6
7
8
9
10
11
- 11d
12
13
--- 2,14 ----
2
3
4
! 5a
6
7
8
9
+ 9a
10
11
12
13
Note: "hunk_header()" returns only "***************\n".
Text::Diff::OldStyle
5c5
< 5d
---
> 5a
9a10
> 9a
12d12
< 11d
Note: no "file_header()".
LIMITATIONS
Must suck both input files entirely in to memory and store them with a
normal amount of Perlish overhead (one array location) per record.
This is implied by the implementation of Algorithm::Diff, which takes
two arrays. If Algorithm::Diff ever offers an incremental mode, this
can be changed (contact the maintainers of Algorithm::Diff and
"Text::Diff" if you need this; it shouldn't be too terribly hard to tie
arrays in this fashion).
Does not provide most of the more refined GNU "diff" options: recursive
directory tree scanning, ignoring blank lines / whitespace, etc., etc.
These can all be added as time permits and need arises, many are rather
easy; patches quite welcome.
Uses closures internally, this may lead to leaks on Perl versions 5.6.1
and prior if used many times over a process' life time.
SEE ALSO
Algorithm::Diff - the underlying implementation of the diff algorithm
used by "Text::Diff".
YAML::Diff - find difference between two YAML documents.
HTML::Differences - find difference between two HTML documents. This
uses a more sane approach than HTML::Diff.
XML::Diff - find difference between two XML documents.
Array::Diff - find the differences between two Perl arrays.
Hash::Diff - find the differences between two Perl hashes.
Data::Diff - find difference between two arbitrary data structures.
REPOSITORY
<https://github.com/neilbowers/Text-Diff>;
AUTHOR
Adam Kennedy <adamk AT cpan.org>
Barrie Slaymaker <barries AT slaysys.com>
COPYRIGHT
Some parts copyright 2009 Adam Kennedy.
Copyright 2001 Barrie Slaymaker. All Rights Reserved.
You may use this under the terms of either the Artistic License or GNU
Public License v 2.0 or greater.
perl v5.26.3 2017-08-16 Text::Diff(3)
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