MKDIR(3P) POSIX Programmer's Manual MKDIR(3P)
PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
not be implemented on Linux.
NAME
mkdir, mkdirat -- make a directory relative to directory file descrip-
tor
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/stat.h>
int mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode);
int mkdirat(int fd, const char *path, mode_t mode);
DESCRIPTION
The mkdir() function shall create a new directory with name path. The
file permission bits of the new directory shall be initialized from
mode. These file permission bits of the mode argument shall be modi-
fied by the process' file creation mask.
When bits in mode other than the file permission bits are set, the
meaning of these additional bits is implementation-defined.
The directory's user ID shall be set to the process' effective user ID.
The directory's group ID shall be set to the group ID of the parent
directory or to the effective group ID of the process. Implementations
shall provide a way to initialize the directory's group ID to the group
ID of the parent directory. Implementations may, but need not, provide
an implementation-defined way to initialize the directory's group ID to
the effective group ID of the calling process.
The newly created directory shall be an empty directory.
If path names a symbolic link, mkdir() shall fail and set errno to
[EEXIST].
Upon successful completion, mkdir() shall mark for update the last data
access, last data modification, and last file status change timestamps
of the directory. Also, the last data modification and last file status
change timestamps of the directory that contains the new entry shall be
marked for update.
The mkdirat() function shall be equivalent to the mkdir() function
except in the case where path specifies a relative path. In this case
the newly created directory is created relative to the directory asso-
ciated with the file descriptor fd instead of the current working
directory. If the file descriptor was opened without O_SEARCH, the
function shall check whether directory searches are permitted using the
current permissions of the directory underlying the file descriptor. If
the file descriptor was opened with O_SEARCH, the function shall not
perform the check.
If mkdirat() is passed the special value AT_FDCWD in the fd parameter,
the current working directory shall be used and the behavior shall be
identical to a call to mkdir().
RETURN VALUE
Upon successful completion, these functions shall return 0. Otherwise,
these functions shall return -1 and set errno to indicate the error. If
-1 is returned, no directory shall be created.
ERRORS
These functions shall fail if:
EACCES Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix,
or write permission is denied on the parent directory of the
directory to be created.
EEXIST The named file exists.
ELOOP A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of
the path argument.
EMLINK The link count of the parent directory would exceed {LINK_MAX}.
ENAMETOOLONG
The length of a component of a pathname is longer than
{NAME_MAX}.
ENOENT A component of the path prefix specified by path does not name
an existing directory or path is an empty string.
ENOSPC The file system does not contain enough space to hold the con-
tents of the new directory or to extend the parent directory of
the new directory.
ENOTDIR
A component of the path prefix names an existing file that is
neither a directory nor a symbolic link to a directory.
EROFS The parent directory resides on a read-only file system.
In addition, the mkdirat() function shall fail if:
EBADF The path argument does not specify an absolute path and the fd
argument is neither AT_FDCWD nor a valid file descriptor open
for reading or searching.
ENOTDIR
The path argument is not an absolute path and fd is a file
descriptor associated with a non-directory file.
These functions may fail if:
ELOOP More than {SYMLOOP_MAX} symbolic links were encountered during
resolution of the path argument.
ENAMETOOLONG
The length of a pathname exceeds {PATH_MAX}, or pathname resolu-
tion of a symbolic link produced an intermediate result with a
length that exceeds {PATH_MAX}.
The following sections are informative.
EXAMPLES
Creating a Directory
The following example shows how to create a directory named
/home/cnd/mod1, with read/write/search permissions for owner and group,
and with read/search permissions for others.
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
int status;
...
status = mkdir("/home/cnd/mod1", S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IROTH | S_IXOTH);
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
RATIONALE
The mkdir() function originated in 4.2 BSD and was added to System V in
Release 3.0.
4.3 BSD detects [ENAMETOOLONG].
The POSIX.1-1990 standard required that the group ID of a newly created
directory be set to the group ID of its parent directory or to the
effective group ID of the creating process. FIPS 151-2 required that
implementations provide a way to have the group ID be set to the group
ID of the containing directory, but did not prohibit implementations
also supporting a way to set the group ID to the effective group ID of
the creating process. Conforming applications should not assume which
group ID will be used. If it matters, an application can use chown() to
set the group ID after the directory is created, or determine under
what conditions the implementation will set the desired group ID.
The purpose of the mkdirat() function is to create a directory in
directories other than the current working directory without exposure
to race conditions. Any part of the path of a file could be changed in
parallel to the call to mkdir(), resulting in unspecified behavior. By
opening a file descriptor for the target directory and using the mkdi-
rat() function it can be guaranteed that the newly created directory is
located relative to the desired directory.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
chmod(), mkdtemp(), mknod(), umask()
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2008, <sys_stat.h>,
<sys_types.h>
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electri-
cal and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. (This is
POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
at http://www.unix.org/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source
files to man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.ker-
nel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .
IEEE/The Open Group 2013 MKDIR(3P)
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