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File::Basename(3pm)    Perl Programmers Reference Guide    File::Basename(3pm)

NAME
       File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
SYNOPSIS
           use File::Basename;
           ($name,$path,$suffix) = fileparse($fullname,@suffixlist);
           $name = fileparse($fullname,@suffixlist);
           $basename = basename($fullname,@suffixlist);
           $dirname  = dirname($fullname);
DESCRIPTION
       These routines allow you to parse file paths into their directory,
       filename and suffix.
       NOTE: "dirname()" and "basename()" emulate the behaviours, and quirks,
       of the shell and C functions of the same name.  See each function's
       documentation for details.  If your concern is just parsing paths it is
       safer to use File::Spec's "splitpath()" and "splitdir()" methods.
       It is guaranteed that
           # Where $path_separator is / for Unix, \ for Windows, etc...
           dirname($path) . $path_separator . basename($path);
       is equivalent to the original path for all systems but VMS.
       "fileparse"
               my($filename, $directories, $suffix) = fileparse($path);
               my($filename, $directories, $suffix) = fileparse($path, @suffixes);
               my $filename                         = fileparse($path, @suffixes);
           The "fileparse()" routine divides a file path into its
           $directories, $filename and (optionally) the filename $suffix.
           $directories contains everything up to and including the last
           directory separator in the $path including the volume (if
           applicable).  The remainder of the $path is the $filename.
                # On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", "")
                fileparse("/foo/bar/baz");
                # On Windows returns ("baz", 'C:\foo\bar\', "")
                fileparse('C:\foo\bar\baz');
                # On Unix returns ("", "/foo/bar/baz/", "")
                fileparse("/foo/bar/baz/");
           If @suffixes are given each element is a pattern (either a string
           or a "qr//") matched against the end of the $filename.  The
           matching portion is removed and becomes the $suffix.
                # On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", ".txt")
                fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\.[^.]*/);
           If type is non-Unix (see "fileparse_set_fstype") then the pattern
           matching for suffix removal is performed case-insensitively, since
           those systems are not case-sensitive when opening existing files.
           You are guaranteed that "$directories . $filename . $suffix" will
           denote the same location as the original $path.
       "basename"
               my $filename = basename($path);
               my $filename = basename($path, @suffixes);
           This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell
           command basename(1).  It does NOT always return the file name
           portion of a path as you might expect.  To be safe, if you want the
           file name portion of a path use "fileparse()".
           "basename()" returns the last level of a filepath even if the last
           level is clearly directory.  In effect, it is acting like "pop()"
           for paths.  This differs from "fileparse()"'s behaviour.
               # Both return "bar"
               basename("/foo/bar");
               basename("/foo/bar/");
           @suffixes work as in "fileparse()" except all regex metacharacters
           are quoted.
               # These two function calls are equivalent.
               my $filename = basename("/foo/bar/baz.txt",  ".txt");
               my $filename = fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\Q.txt\E/);
           Also note that in order to be compatible with the shell command,
           "basename()" does not strip off a suffix if it is identical to the
           remaining characters in the filename.
       "dirname"
           This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell
           command dirname(1) and has inherited some of its quirks.  In spite
           of its name it does NOT always return the directory name as you
           might expect.  To be safe, if you want the directory name of a path
           use "fileparse()".
           Only on VMS (where there is no ambiguity between the file and
           directory portions of a path) and AmigaOS (possibly due to an
           implementation quirk in this module) does "dirname()" work like
           "fileparse($path)", returning just the $directories.
               # On VMS and AmigaOS
               my $directories = dirname($path);
           When using Unix or MSDOS syntax this emulates the dirname(1) shell
           function which is subtly different from how "fileparse()" works.
           It returns all but the last level of a file path even if the last
           level is clearly a directory.  In effect, it is not returning the
           directory portion but simply the path one level up acting like
           "chop()" for file paths.
           Also unlike "fileparse()", "dirname()" does not include a trailing
           slash on its returned path.
               # returns /foo/bar.  fileparse() would return /foo/bar/
               dirname("/foo/bar/baz");
               # also returns /foo/bar despite the fact that baz is clearly a
               # directory.  fileparse() would return /foo/bar/baz/
               dirname("/foo/bar/baz/");
               # returns '.'.  fileparse() would return 'foo/'
               dirname("foo/");
           Under VMS, if there is no directory information in the $path, then
           the current default device and directory is used.
       "fileparse_set_fstype"
             my $type = fileparse_set_fstype();
             my $previous_type = fileparse_set_fstype($type);
           Normally File::Basename will assume a file path type native to your
           current operating system (ie. /foo/bar style on Unix, \foo\bar on
           Windows, etc...).  With this function you can override that
           assumption.
           Valid $types are "MacOS", "VMS", "AmigaOS", "OS2", "RISCOS",
           "MSWin32", "DOS" (also "MSDOS" for backwards bug compatibility),
           "Epoc" and "Unix" (all case-insensitive).  If an unrecognized $type
           is given "Unix" will be assumed.
           If you've selected VMS syntax, and the file specification you pass
           to one of these routines contains a "/", they assume you are using
           Unix emulation and apply the Unix syntax rules instead, for that
           function call only.
SEE ALSO
       dirname(1), basename(1), File::Spec

perl v5.16.3                      2013-03-04               File::Basename(3pm)