ExtUtils::MM_Any(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation ExtUtils::MM_Any(3)
NAME
ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
SYNOPSIS
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY!
package ExtUtils::MM_SomeOS;
# Temporarily, you have to subclass both. Put MM_Any first.
require ExtUtils::MM_Any;
require ExtUtils::MM_Unix;
@ISA = qw(ExtUtils::MM_Any ExtUtils::Unix);
DESCRIPTION
FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY!
ExtUtils::MM_Any is a superclass for the ExtUtils::MM_* set of modules.
It contains methods which are either inherently cross-platform or are
written in a cross-platform manner.
Subclass off of ExtUtils::MM_Any and ExtUtils::MM_Unix. This is a
temporary solution.
THIS MAY BE TEMPORARY!
METHODS
Any methods marked Abstract must be implemented by subclasses.
Cross-platform helper methods
These are methods which help writing cross-platform code.
os_flavor Abstract
my @os_flavor = $mm->os_flavor;
@os_flavor is the style of operating system this is, usually
corresponding to the MM_*.pm file we're using.
The first element of @os_flavor is the major family (ie. Unix, Windows,
VMS, OS/2, etc...) and the rest are sub families.
Some examples:
Cygwin98 ('Unix', 'Cygwin', 'Cygwin9x')
Windows ('Win32')
Win98 ('Win32', 'Win9x')
Linux ('Unix', 'Linux')
MacOS X ('Unix', 'Darwin', 'MacOS', 'MacOS X')
OS/2 ('OS/2')
This is used to write code for styles of operating system. See
os_flavor_is() for use.
os_flavor_is
my $is_this_flavor = $mm->os_flavor_is($this_flavor);
my $is_this_flavor = $mm->os_flavor_is(@one_of_these_flavors);
Checks to see if the current operating system is one of the given
flavors.
This is useful for code like:
if( $mm->os_flavor_is('Unix') ) {
$out = `foo 2>&1`;
}
else {
$out = `foo`;
}
can_load_xs
my $can_load_xs = $self->can_load_xs;
Returns true if we have the ability to load XS.
This is important because miniperl, used to build XS modules in the
core, can not load XS.
can_run
use ExtUtils::MM;
my $runnable = MM->can_run($Config{make});
If called in a scalar context it will return the full path to the
binary you asked for if it was found, or "undef" if it was not.
If called in a list context, it will return a list of the full paths to
instances of the binary where found in "PATH", or an empty list if it
was not found.
Copied from IPC::Cmd, but modified into a method (and removed
$INSTANCES capability).
can_redirect_error
$useredirect = MM->can_redirect_error;
True if on an OS where qx operator (or backticks) can redirect "STDERR"
onto "STDOUT".
is_make_type
my $is_dmake = $self->is_make_type('dmake');
Returns true if "<$self-"make>> is the given type; possibilities are:
gmake GNU make
dmake
nmake
bsdmake BSD pmake-derived
can_dep_space
my $can_dep_space = $self->can_dep_space;
Returns true if "make" can handle (probably by quoting) dependencies
that contain a space. Currently known true for GNU make, false for BSD
pmake derivative.
quote_dep
$text = $mm->quote_dep($text);
Method that protects Makefile single-value constants (mainly
filenames), so that make will still treat them as single values even if
they inconveniently have spaces in. If the make program being used
cannot achieve such protection and the given text would need it, throws
an exception.
split_command
my @cmds = $MM->split_command($cmd, @args);
Most OS have a maximum command length they can execute at once. Large
modules can easily generate commands well past that limit. Its
necessary to split long commands up into a series of shorter commands.
"split_command" will return a series of @cmds each processing part of
the args. Collectively they will process all the arguments. Each
individual line in @cmds will not be longer than the
$self->max_exec_len being careful to take into account macro expansion.
$cmd should include any switches and repeated initial arguments.
If no @args are given, no @cmds will be returned.
Pairs of arguments will always be preserved in a single command, this
is a heuristic for things like pm_to_blib and pod2man which work on
pairs of arguments. This makes things like this safe:
$self->split_command($cmd, %pod2man);
make_type
Returns a suitable string describing the type of makefile being
written.
stashmeta
my @recipelines = $MM->stashmeta($text, $file);
Generates a set of @recipelines which will result in the literal $text
ending up in literal $file when the recipe is executed. Call it once,
with all the text you want in $file. Make macros will not be expanded,
so the locations will be fixed at configure-time, not at build-time.
echo
my @commands = $MM->echo($text);
my @commands = $MM->echo($text, $file);
my @commands = $MM->echo($text, $file, \%opts);
Generates a set of @commands which print the $text to a $file.
If $file is not given, output goes to STDOUT.
If $opts{append} is true the $file will be appended to rather than
overwritten. Default is to overwrite.
If $opts{allow_variables} is true, make variables of the form "$(...)"
will not be escaped. Other "$" will. Default is to escape all "$".
Example of use:
my $make = join '', map "\t$_\n", $MM->echo($text, $file);
wraplist
my $args = $mm->wraplist(@list);
Takes an array of items and turns them into a well-formatted list of
arguments. In most cases this is simply something like:
FOO \
BAR \
BAZ
maketext_filter
my $filter_make_text = $mm->maketext_filter($make_text);
The text of the Makefile is run through this method before writing to
disk. It allows systems a chance to make portability fixes to the
Makefile.
By default it does nothing.
This method is protected and not intended to be called outside of
MakeMaker.
cd Abstract
my $subdir_cmd = $MM->cd($subdir, @cmds);
This will generate a make fragment which runs the @cmds in the given
$dir. The rough equivalent to this, except cross platform.
cd $subdir && $cmd
Currently $dir can only go down one level. "foo" is fine. "foo/bar"
is not. "../foo" is right out.
The resulting $subdir_cmd has no leading tab nor trailing newline.
This makes it easier to embed in a make string. For example.
my $make = sprintf <<'CODE', $subdir_cmd;
foo :
$(ECHO) what
%s
$(ECHO) mouche
CODE
oneliner Abstract
my $oneliner = $MM->oneliner($perl_code);
my $oneliner = $MM->oneliner($perl_code, \@switches);
This will generate a perl one-liner safe for the particular platform
you're on based on the given $perl_code and @switches (a -e is assumed)
suitable for using in a make target. It will use the proper shell
quoting and escapes.
$(PERLRUN) will be used as perl.
Any newlines in $perl_code will be escaped. Leading and trailing
newlines will be stripped. Makes this idiom much easier:
my $code = $MM->oneliner(<<'CODE', [...switches...]);
some code here
another line here
CODE
Usage might be something like:
# an echo emulation
$oneliner = $MM->oneliner('print "Foo\n"');
$make = '$oneliner > somefile';
Dollar signs in the $perl_code will be protected from make using the
"quote_literal" method, unless they are recognised as being a make
variable, "$(varname)", in which case they will be left for make to
expand. Remember to quote make macros else it might be used as a
bareword. For example:
# Assign the value of the $(VERSION_FROM) make macro to $vf.
$oneliner = $MM->oneliner('$vf = "$(VERSION_FROM)"');
Its currently very simple and may be expanded sometime in the figure to
include more flexible code and switches.
quote_literal Abstract
my $safe_text = $MM->quote_literal($text);
my $safe_text = $MM->quote_literal($text, \%options);
This will quote $text so it is interpreted literally in the shell.
For example, on Unix this would escape any single-quotes in $text and
put single-quotes around the whole thing.
If $options{allow_variables} is true it will leave '$(FOO)' make
variables untouched. If false they will be escaped like any other "$".
Defaults to true.
escape_dollarsigns
my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_dollarsigns($text);
Escapes stray "$" so they are not interpreted as make variables.
It lets by "$(...)".
escape_all_dollarsigns
my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_all_dollarsigns($text);
Escapes all "$" so they are not interpreted as make variables.
escape_newlines Abstract
my $escaped_text = $MM->escape_newlines($text);
Shell escapes newlines in $text.
max_exec_len Abstract
my $max_exec_len = $MM->max_exec_len;
Calculates the maximum command size the OS can exec. Effectively, this
is the max size of a shell command line.
make
my $make = $MM->make;
Returns the make variant we're generating the Makefile for. This
attempts to do some normalization on the information from %Config or
the user.
Targets
These are methods which produce make targets.
all_target
Generate the default target 'all'.
blibdirs_target
my $make_frag = $mm->blibdirs_target;
Creates the blibdirs target which creates all the directories we use in
blib/.
The blibdirs.ts target is deprecated. Depend on blibdirs instead.
clean (o)
Defines the clean target.
clean_subdirs_target
my $make_frag = $MM->clean_subdirs_target;
Returns the clean_subdirs target. This is used by the clean target to
call clean on any subdirectories which contain Makefiles.
dir_target
my $make_frag = $mm->dir_target(@directories);
Generates targets to create the specified directories and set its
permission to PERM_DIR.
Because depending on a directory to just ensure it exists doesn't work
too well (the modified time changes too often) dir_target() creates a
.exists file in the created directory. It is this you should depend
on. For portability purposes you should use the $(DIRFILESEP) macro
rather than a '/' to separate the directory from the file.
yourdirectory$(DIRFILESEP).exists
distdir
Defines the scratch directory target that will hold the distribution
before tar-ing (or shar-ing).
dist_test
Defines a target that produces the distribution in the scratch
directory, and runs 'perl Makefile.PL; make ;make test' in that
subdirectory.
xs_dlsyms_arg
Returns command-line arg(s) to linker for file listing dlsyms to
export. Defaults to returning empty string, can be overridden by e.g.
AIX.
xs_dlsyms_ext
Returns file-extension for "xs_make_dlsyms" method's output file,
including any "." character.
xs_dlsyms_extra
Returns any extra text to be prepended to the $extra argument of
"xs_make_dlsyms".
xs_dlsyms_iterator
Iterates over necessary shared objects, calling "xs_make_dlsyms" method
for each with appropriate arguments.
xs_make_dlsyms
$self->xs_make_dlsyms(
\%attribs, # hashref from %attribs in caller
"$self->{BASEEXT}.def", # output file for Makefile target
'Makefile.PL', # dependency
$self->{NAME}, # shared object's "name"
$self->{DLBASE}, # last ::-separated part of name
$attribs{DL_FUNCS} || $self->{DL_FUNCS} || {}, # various params
$attribs{FUNCLIST} || $self->{FUNCLIST} || [],
$attribs{IMPORTS} || $self->{IMPORTS} || {},
$attribs{DL_VARS} || $self->{DL_VARS} || [],
# optional extra param that will be added as param to Mksymlists
);
Utility method that returns Makefile snippet to call "Mksymlists".
dynamic (o)
Defines the dynamic target.
makemakerdflt_target
my $make_frag = $mm->makemakerdflt_target
Returns a make fragment with the makemakerdeflt_target specified. This
target is the first target in the Makefile, is the default target and
simply points off to 'all' just in case any make variant gets confused
or something gets snuck in before the real 'all' target.
manifypods_target
my $manifypods_target = $self->manifypods_target;
Generates the manifypods target. This target generates man pages from
all POD files in MAN1PODS and MAN3PODS.
metafile_target
my $target = $mm->metafile_target;
Generate the metafile target.
Writes the file META.yml (YAML encoded meta-data) and META.json (JSON
encoded meta-data) about the module in the distdir. The format follows
Module::Build's as closely as possible.
metafile_data
my $metadata_hashref = $mm->metafile_data(\%meta_add, \%meta_merge);
Returns the data which MakeMaker turns into the META.yml file and the
META.json file. It is always in version 2.0 of the format.
Values of %meta_add will overwrite any existing metadata in those keys.
%meta_merge will be merged with them.
metafile_file
my $meta_yml = $mm->metafile_file(@metadata_pairs);
Turns the @metadata_pairs into YAML.
This method does not implement a complete YAML dumper, being limited to
dump a hash with values which are strings, undef's or nested hashes and
arrays of strings. No quoting/escaping is done.
distmeta_target
my $make_frag = $mm->distmeta_target;
Generates the distmeta target to add META.yml and META.json to the
MANIFEST in the distdir.
mymeta
my $mymeta = $mm->mymeta;
Generate MYMETA information as a hash either from an existing CPAN Meta
file (META.json or META.yml) or from internal data.
write_mymeta
$self->write_mymeta( $mymeta );
Write MYMETA information to MYMETA.json and MYMETA.yml.
realclean (o)
Defines the realclean target.
realclean_subdirs_target
my $make_frag = $MM->realclean_subdirs_target;
Returns the realclean_subdirs target. This is used by the realclean
target to call realclean on any subdirectories which contain Makefiles.
signature_target
my $target = $mm->signature_target;
Generate the signature target.
Writes the file SIGNATURE with "cpansign -s".
distsignature_target
my $make_frag = $mm->distsignature_target;
Generates the distsignature target to add SIGNATURE to the MANIFEST in
the distdir.
special_targets
my $make_frag = $mm->special_targets
Returns a make fragment containing any targets which have special
meaning to make. For example, .SUFFIXES and .PHONY.
Init methods
Methods which help initialize the MakeMaker object and macros.
init_ABSTRACT
$mm->init_ABSTRACT
init_INST
$mm->init_INST;
Called by init_main. Sets up all INST_* variables except those related
to XS code. Those are handled in init_xs.
init_INSTALL
$mm->init_INSTALL;
Called by init_main. Sets up all INSTALL_* variables (except
INSTALLDIRS) and *PREFIX.
init_INSTALL_from_PREFIX
$mm->init_INSTALL_from_PREFIX;
init_from_INSTALL_BASE
$mm->init_from_INSTALL_BASE
init_VERSION Abstract
$mm->init_VERSION
Initialize macros representing versions of MakeMaker and other tools
MAKEMAKER: path to the MakeMaker module.
MM_VERSION: ExtUtils::MakeMaker Version
MM_REVISION: ExtUtils::MakeMaker version control revision (for
backwards
compat)
VERSION: version of your module
VERSION_MACRO: which macro represents the version (usually 'VERSION')
VERSION_SYM: like version but safe for use as an RCS revision number
DEFINE_VERSION: -D line to set the module version when compiling
XS_VERSION: version in your .xs file. Defaults to $(VERSION)
XS_VERSION_MACRO: which macro represents the XS version.
XS_DEFINE_VERSION: -D line to set the xs version when compiling.
Called by init_main.
init_tools
$MM->init_tools();
Initializes the simple macro definitions used by tools_other() and
places them in the $MM object. These use conservative cross platform
versions and should be overridden with platform specific versions for
performance.
Defines at least these macros.
Macro Description
NOOP Do nothing
NOECHO Tell make not to display the command itself
SHELL Program used to run shell commands
ECHO Print text adding a newline on the end
RM_F Remove a file
RM_RF Remove a directory
TOUCH Update a file's timestamp
TEST_F Test for a file's existence
TEST_S Test the size of a file
CP Copy a file
CP_NONEMPTY Copy a file if it is not empty
MV Move a file
CHMOD Change permissions on a file
FALSE Exit with non-zero
TRUE Exit with zero
UMASK_NULL Nullify umask
DEV_NULL Suppress all command output
init_others
$MM->init_others();
Initializes the macro definitions having to do with compiling and
linking used by tools_other() and places them in the $MM object.
If there is no description, its the same as the parameter to
WriteMakefile() documented in ExtUtils::MakeMaker.
tools_other
my $make_frag = $MM->tools_other;
Returns a make fragment containing definitions for the macros
init_others() initializes.
init_DIRFILESEP Abstract
$MM->init_DIRFILESEP;
my $dirfilesep = $MM->{DIRFILESEP};
Initializes the DIRFILESEP macro which is the separator between the
directory and filename in a filepath. ie. / on Unix, \ on Win32 and
nothing on VMS.
For example:
# instead of $(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)/extralibs.ld
$(INST_ARCHAUTODIR)$(DIRFILESEP)extralibs.ld
Something of a hack but it prevents a lot of code duplication between
MM_* variants.
Do not use this as a separator between directories. Some operating
systems use different separators between subdirectories as between
directories and filenames (for example: VOLUME:[dir1.dir2]file on
VMS).
init_linker Abstract
$mm->init_linker;
Initialize macros which have to do with linking.
PERL_ARCHIVE: path to libperl.a equivalent to be linked to dynamic
extensions.
PERL_ARCHIVE_AFTER: path to a library which should be put on the linker
command line after the external libraries to be linked to dynamic
extensions. This may be needed if the linker is one-pass, and Perl
includes some overrides for C RTL functions, such as malloc().
EXPORT_LIST: name of a file that is passed to linker to define symbols
to be exported.
Some OSes do not need these in which case leave it blank.
init_platform
$mm->init_platform
Initialize any macros which are for platform specific use only.
A typical one is the version number of your OS specific module. (ie.
MM_Unix_VERSION or MM_VMS_VERSION).
init_MAKE
$mm->init_MAKE
Initialize MAKE from either a MAKE environment variable or
$Config{make}.
Tools
A grab bag of methods to generate specific macros and commands.
manifypods
Defines targets and routines to translate the pods into manpages and
put them into the INST_* directories.
POD2MAN_macro
my $pod2man_macro = $self->POD2MAN_macro
Returns a definition for the POD2MAN macro. This is a program which
emulates the pod2man utility. You can add more switches to the command
by simply appending them on the macro.
Typical usage:
$(POD2MAN) --section=3 --perm_rw=$(PERM_RW) podfile1 man_page1 ...
test_via_harness
my $command = $mm->test_via_harness($perl, $tests);
Returns a $command line which runs the given set of $tests with
Test::Harness and the given $perl.
Used on the t/*.t files.
test_via_script
my $command = $mm->test_via_script($perl, $script);
Returns a $command line which just runs a single test without
Test::Harness. No checks are done on the results, they're just
printed.
Used for test.pl, since they don't always follow Test::Harness
formatting.
tool_autosplit
Defines a simple perl call that runs autosplit. May be deprecated by
pm_to_blib soon.
arch_check
my $arch_ok = $mm->arch_check(
$INC{"Config.pm"},
File::Spec->catfile($Config{archlibexp}, "Config.pm")
);
A sanity check that what Perl thinks the architecture is and what
Config thinks the architecture is are the same. If they're not it will
return false and show a diagnostic message.
When building Perl it will always return true, as nothing is installed
yet.
The interface is a bit odd because this is the result of a quick
refactoring. Don't rely on it.
File::Spec wrappers
ExtUtils::MM_Any is a subclass of File::Spec. The methods noted here
override File::Spec.
catfile
File::Spec <= 0.83 has a bug where the file part of catfile is not
canonicalized. This override fixes that bug.
Misc
Methods I can't really figure out where they should go yet.
find_tests
my $test = $mm->find_tests;
Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all tests
in t/*.t.
find_tests_recursive
my $tests = $mm->find_tests_recursive;
Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all tests
in t/ but recursively. Equivalent to
my $tests = $mm->find_tests_recursive_in('t');
find_tests_recursive_in
my $tests = $mm->find_tests_recursive_in($dir);
Returns a string suitable for feeding to the shell to return all tests
in $dir recursively.
extra_clean_files
my @files_to_clean = $MM->extra_clean_files;
Returns a list of OS specific files to be removed in the clean target
in addition to the usual set.
installvars
my @installvars = $mm->installvars;
A list of all the INSTALL* variables without the INSTALL prefix.
Useful for iteration or building related variable sets.
libscan
my $wanted = $self->libscan($path);
Takes a path to a file or dir and returns an empty string if we don't
want to include this file in the library. Otherwise it returns the the
$path unchanged.
Mainly used to exclude version control administrative directories and
base-level README.pod from installation.
platform_constants
my $make_frag = $mm->platform_constants
Returns a make fragment defining all the macros initialized in
init_platform() rather than put them in constants().
post_constants (o)
Returns an empty string per default. Dedicated to overrides from within
Makefile.PL after all constants have been defined.
post_initialize (o)
Returns an empty string per default. Used in Makefile.PLs to add some
chunk of text to the Makefile after the object is initialized.
postamble (o)
Returns an empty string. Can be used in Makefile.PLs to write some text
to the Makefile at the end.
AUTHOR
Michael G Schwern <schwern AT pobox.com> and the denizens of
makemaker AT perl.org with code from ExtUtils::MM_Unix and
ExtUtils::MM_Win32.
perl v5.26.3 2018-03-19 ExtUtils::MM_Any(3)
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