DBD::mysql::INSTALL(3)User Contributed Perl DocumentatioDBD::mysql::INSTALL(3)
NAME
DBD::mysql::INSTALL - How to install and configure DBD::mysql
SYNOPSIS
perl Makefile.PL [options]
make
make test
make install
DESCRIPTION
This document describes the installation and configuration of
DBD::mysql, the Perl DBI driver for the MySQL database. Before reading
on, make sure that you have the prerequisites available: Perl, MySQL
and DBI. For details see the separate section "PREREQUISITES".
Depending on your version of Perl, it might be possible to use a binary
distribution of DBD::mysql. If possible, this is recommended. Otherwise
you need to install from the sources. If so, you will definitely need
a C compiler. Installation from binaries and sources are both described
in separate sections. "BINARY INSTALLATION". "SOURCE INSTALLATION".
Finally, if you encounter any problems, do not forget to read the
section on known problems "KNOWN PROBLEMS". If that doesn't help, you
should check the section on "SUPPORT".
PREREQUISITES
Perl
Preferably a version of Perl, that comes preconfigured with your
system. For example, all Linux and FreeBSD distributions come with
Perl. For Windows, using ActivePerl or Strawberry Perl is
recommended, see <http://www.activestate.com>; and
<http://www.strawberryperl.com>; for details.
MySQL
You need not install the actual MySQL database server, the client
files and the development files are sufficient. For example, Fedora
Linux distribution comes with RPM files (using YUM) mysql and
mysql-server (use "yum search" to find exact package names). These
are sufficient, if the MySQL server is located on a foreign
machine. You may also create client files by compiling from the
MySQL source distribution and using
configure --without-server
If you are using Windows and need to compile from sources (which is
only the case if you are not using ActivePerl or Strawberry Perl),
then you must ensure that the header and library files are
installed. This may require choosing a "Custom installation" and
selecting the appropriate option when running the MySQL setup
program.
DBI DBD::mysql is a DBI driver, hence you need DBI. It is available
from the same source where you got the DBD::mysql distribution
from.
C compiler
A C compiler is only required if you install from source. In most
cases there are binary distributions of DBD::mysql available.
However, if you need a C compiler, make sure, that it is the same C
compiler that was used for compiling Perl and MySQL! Otherwise you
will almost definitely encounter problems because of differences in
the underlying C runtime libraries.
In the worst case, this might mean to compile Perl and MySQL
yourself. But believe me, experience shows that a lot of problems
are fixed this way.
Gzip libraries
Late versions of MySQL come with support for compression. Thus it
may be required that you have install an RPM package like libz-
devel, libgz-devel or something similar.
BINARY INSTALLATION
Binary installation is possible in the most cases, depending on your
system.
Windows
Strawberry Perl
Strawberry Perl comes bundled with DBD::mysql and the needed client
libraries.
ActiveState Perl
ActivePerl offers a PPM archive of DBD::mysql. All you need to do is
typing in a cmd.exe window:
ppm install DBD-mysql
This will fetch the module via HTTP and install them. If you need to
use a WWW proxy server, the environment variable HTTP_proxy must be
set:
set HTTP_proxy=http://myproxy.example.com:8080/
ppm install DBD-mysql
Of course you need to replace the host name "myproxy.example.com" and
the port number 8080 with your local values.
If the above procedure doesn't work, please upgrade to the latest
version of ActivePerl. ActiveState has a policy where it only provides
access free-of-charge for the PPM mirrors of the last few stable Perl
releases. If you have an older perl, you'd either need to upgrade your
perl or contact ActiveState about a subscription.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), CentOS and Fedora
Red Hat Enterprise Linux, its community derivatives such as CentOS, and
Fedora come with MySQL and DBD::mysql.
Use the following command to install DBD::mysql:
yum install "perl(DBD::mysql)"
Debian and Ubuntu
On Debian, Ubuntu and derivatives you can install DBD::mysql from the
repositories with the following command:
sudo apt-get install libdbd-mysql-perl
SLES and openSUSE
On SUSE Linux Enterprise and the community version openSUSE, you can
install DBD::mysql from the repositories with the following command:
zypper install perl-DBD-mysql
Other systems
In the case of other Linux or FreeBSD distributions it is very likely
that all you need comes with your distribution. I just cannot give you
names, as I am not using these systems.
Please let me know if you find the files in your favorite Linux or
FreeBSD distribution so that I can extend the above list.
SOURCE INSTALLATION
So you need to install from sources. If you are lucky, the Perl module
"CPAN" will do all for you, thanks to the excellent work of Andreas
Konig. Otherwise you will need to do a manual installation. All of
these installation types have their own section: "CPAN installation",
"Manual installation" and "Configuration".
The DBD::mysql Makefile.PL needs to know where to find your MySQL
installation. This may be achieved using command line switches (see
"Configuration") or automatically using the mysql_config binary which
comes with most MySQL distributions. If your MySQL distribution
contains mysql_config the easiest method is to ensure this binary is on
your path.
Typically, this is the case if you've installed the mysql library from
your systems' package manager.
e.g.
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
export PATH
As stated, to compile DBD::mysql you'll need a C compiler. This should
be the same compiler as the one used to build perl AND the mysql client
libraries. If you're on linux, this is most typically the case and you
need not worry. If you're on UNIX systems, you might want to pay
attention.
Also you'll need to get the MySQL client and development headers on
your system. The easiest is to get these from your package manager.
To run the tests that ship with the module, you'll need access to a
running MySQL server. This can be running on localhost, but it can also
be on a remote machine.
On Fedora the process is as follows. Please note that Fedora actually
ships with MariaDB but not with MySQL. This is not a problem, it will
work just as well. In this example we install and start a local server
for running the tests against.
yum -y install make gcc mariadb-devel mariadb-libs mariadb-server
yum -y install "perl(Test::Deep)" "perl(Test::More)"
systemctl start mariadb.service
Environment Variables
For ease of use, you can set environment variables for DBD::mysql
installation. You can set any or all of the options, and export them by
putting them in your .bashrc or the like:
export DBD_MYSQL_CFLAGS=-I/usr/local/mysql/include/mysql
export DBD_MYSQL_LIBS="-L/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient"
export DBD_MYSQL_EMBEDDED=
export DBD_MYSQL_CONFIG=mysql_config
export DBD_MYSQL_NOCATCHSTDERR=0
export DBD_MYSQL_NOFOUNDROWS=0
export DBD_MYSQL_NOSSL=
export DBD_MYSQL_TESTDB=test
export DBD_MYSQL_TESTHOST=localhost
export DBD_MYSQL_TESTPASSWORD=s3kr1+
export DBD_MYSQL_TESTPORT=3306
export DBD_MYSQL_TESTUSER=me
The most useful may be the host, database, port, socket, user, and
password.
Installation will first look to your mysql_config, and then your
environment variables, and then it will guess with intelligent
defaults.
CPAN installation
Installation of DBD::mysql can be incredibly easy:
cpan DBD::mysql
Please note that this will only work if the prerequisites are
fulfilled, which means you have a C-compiler installed, and you have
the development headers and mysql client libraries available on your
system.
If you are using the CPAN module for the first time, just answer the
questions by accepting the defaults which are fine in most cases.
If you cannot get the CPAN module working, you might try manual
installation. If installation with CPAN fails because the your local
settings have been guessed wrong, you need to ensure MySQL's
mysql_config is on your path (see "SOURCE INSTALLATION") or
alternatively create a script called "mysql_config". This is described
in more details later. "Configuration".
Manual installation
For a manual installation you need to fetch the DBD::mysql source
distribution. The latest version is always available from
https://metacpan.org/module/DBD::mysql
The name is typically something like
DBD-mysql-4.025.tar.gz
The archive needs to be extracted. On Windows you may use a tool like
7-zip, on *nix you type
tar xf DBD-mysql-4.025.tar.gz
This will create a subdirectory DBD-mysql-4.025. Enter this
subdirectory and type
perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
(On Windows you may need to replace "make" with "dmake" or "nmake".) If
the tests seem to look fine, you may continue with
make install
If the compilation (make) or tests fail, you might need to configure
some settings.
For example you might choose a different database, the C compiler or
the linker might need some flags. "Configuration". "Compiler flags".
"Linker flags".
For Cygwin there is a special section below. "Cygwin".
Configuration
The install script "Makefile.PL" can be configured via a lot of
switches. All switches can be used on the command line. For example,
the test database:
perl Makefile.PL --testdb=<db>
If you do not like configuring these switches on the command line, you
may alternatively create a script called "mysql_config". This is
described later on.
Available switches are:
testdb
Name of the test database, defaults to test.
testuser
Name of the test user, defaults to empty. If the name is empty,
then the currently logged in users name will be used.
testpassword
Password of the test user, defaults to empty.
testhost
Host name or IP number of the test database; defaults to localhost.
testport
Port number of the test database
ps-protcol=1 or 0
Whether to run the test suite using server prepared statements or
driver emulated prepared statements. ps-protocol=1 means use server
prepare, ps-protocol=0 means driver emulated.
cflags
This is a list of flags that you want to give to the C compiler.
The most important flag is the location of the MySQL header files.
For example, on Red Hat Linux the header files are in
/usr/include/mysql and you might try
-I/usr/include/mysql
On Windows the header files may be in C:\mysql\include and you
might try
-IC:\mysql\include
The default flags are determined by running
mysql_config --cflags
More details on the C compiler flags can be found in the following
section. "Compiler flags".
libs
This is a list of flags that you want to give to the linker or
loader. The most important flags are the locations and names of
additional libraries. For example, on Red Hat Linux your MySQL
client libraries are in /usr/lib/mysql and you might try
-L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -lz
On Windows the libraries may be in C:\mysql\lib and
-LC:\mysql\lib -lmysqlclient
might be a good choice. The default flags are determined by running
mysql_config --libs
More details on the linker flags can be found in a separate
section. "Linker flags".
If a switch is not present on the command line, then the script
"mysql_config" will be executed. This script comes as part of the MySQL
distribution. For example, to determine the C compiler flags, we are
executing
mysql_config --cflags
mysql_config --libs
If you want to configure your own settings for database name, database
user and so on, then you have to create a script with the same name,
that replies
Compiler flags
Note: the following info about compiler and linker flags, you shouldn't
have to use these options because Makefile.PL is pretty good at
utilizing mysql_config to get the flags that you need for a successful
compile.
It is typically not so difficult to determine the appropriate flags for
the C compiler. The linker flags, which you find in the next section,
are another story.
The determination of the C compiler flags is usually left to a
configuration script called mysql_config, which can be invoked with
mysql_config --cflags
When doing so, it will emit a line with suggested C compiler flags, for
example like this:
-L/usr/include/mysql
The C compiler must find some header files. Header files have the
extension ".h". MySQL header files are, for example, mysql.h and
mysql_version.h. In most cases the header files are not installed by
default. For example, on Windows it is an installation option of the
MySQL setup program (Custom installation), whether the header files are
installed or not. On Red Hat Linux, you need to install an RPM archive
mysql-devel or MySQL-devel.
If you know the location of the header files, then you will need to add
an option
-L<header directory>
to the C compiler flags, for example "-L/usr/include/mysql".
Linker flags
Appropriate linker flags are the most common source of problems while
installing DBD::mysql. I will only give a rough overview, you'll find
more details in the troubleshooting section. "KNOWN PROBLEMS"
The determination of the C compiler flags is usually left to a
configuration script called mysql_config, which can be invoked with
mysql_config --libs
When doing so, it will emit a line with suggested C compiler flags, for
example like this:
-L'/usr/lib/mysql' -lmysqlclient -lnsl -lm -lz -lcrypt
The following items typically need to be configured for the linker:
The mysqlclient library
The MySQL client library comes as part of the MySQL distribution.
Depending on your system it may be a file called
F<libmysqlclient.a> statically linked library, Unix
F<libmysqlclient.so> dynamically linked library, Unix
F<mysqlclient.lib> statically linked library, Windows
F<mysqlclient.dll> dynamically linked library, Windows
or something similar.
As in the case of the header files, the client library is typically
not installed by default. On Windows you will need to select them
while running the MySQL setup program (Custom installation). On Red
Hat Linux an RPM archive mysql-devel or MySQL-devel must be
installed.
The linker needs to know the location and name of the mysqlclient
library. This can be done by adding the flags
-L<lib directory> -lmysqlclient
or by adding the complete path name. Examples:
-L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient
-LC:\mysql\lib -lmysqlclient
If you would like to use the static libraries (and there are
excellent reasons to do so), you need to create a separate
directory, copy the static libraries to that place and use the -L
switch above to point to your new directory. For example:
mkdir /tmp/mysql-static
cp /usr/lib/mysql/*.a /tmp/mysql-static
perl Makefile.PL --libs="-L/tmp/mysql-static -lmysqlclient"
make
make test
make install
rm -rf /tmp/mysql-static
The gzip library
The MySQL client can use compression when talking to the MySQL
server, a nice feature when sending or receiving large texts over a
slow network.
On Unix you typically find the appropriate file name by running
ldconfig -p | grep libz
ldconfig -p | grep libgz
Once you know the name (libz.a or libgz.a is best), just add it to
the list of linker flags. If this seems to be causing problem you
may also try to link without gzip libraries.
ENCRYPTED CONNECTIONS via SSL
Connecting to your servers over an encrypted connection (SSL) is only
possible if you enabled this setting at build time. Since version
4.034, this is the default.
Attempting to connect to a server that requires an encrypted connection
without first having DBD::mysql compiled with the "--ssl" option will
result in an error that makes things appear as if your password is
incorrect.
If you want to compile DBD::mysql without SSL support, which you might
probably only want if you for some reason can't install libssl headers,
you can do this by passing the "--nossl" option to Makefile.PL or by
setting the DBD_MYSQL_NOSSL environment variable to '1'.
MARIADB NATIVE CLIENT INSTALLATION
The MariaDB native client is another option for connecting to a MySQL.
database licensed LGPL 2.1. To build DBD::mysql against this client,
you will first need to build the client. Generally, this is done with
the following:
cd path/to/src/mariadb-native-client
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles'
make
sudo make install
Once the client is built and installed, you can build DBD::mysql
against it:
perl Makefile.PL --testuser=xxx --testpassword=xxx --testsocket=/path/to//mysqld.sock --mysql_config=/usr/local/bin/mariadb_config.
make
make test
make install
SPECIAL SYSTEMS
Below you find information on particular systems:
Mac OS X
Please see the the post at
<https://discussions.apple.com/thread/3932531>;
(Thanks to Kris Davey for pointing this out to me). I plan to see if I
can get the build process to be more intelligent about using build
flags that work. It is very difficult as it's not a driver problem per
se but a problem in how one builds DBD::mysql with a binary client lib
built on a different compiler than the one the user is using.
Quite simply, using the binary MySQL installation from Oracle, you will
need to first run:
perl Makefile.PL --mysql_config=/usr/local/mysql-5.6.16-osx10.7-x86_64/bin/mysql_config
There are some runtime issues you may encounter with OS X. Upon running
make test, you might encounter the error:
Error: Can't load '/Users/username/DBD-mysql/blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.bundle' for module DBD::mysql: dlopen(/Users/username/DBD-mysql/blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.bundle, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib
To solve this issue, you need to set the library path, similar to
LD_LIBRARY_PATH on other Unix variants, but on OS X you need to do the
following (this is for a binary install of MySQL from Oracle)
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/mysql-5.6.16-osx10.7-x86_64/lib/
Cygwin
If you are a user of Cygwin you already know, it contains a nicely
running perl 5.6.1, installation of additional modules usually works
like a charm via the standard procedure of
perl makefile.PL
make
make test
make install
The Windows binary distribution of MySQL runs smoothly under Cygwin.
You can start/stop the server and use all Windows clients without
problem. But to install DBD::mysql you have to take a little special
action.
Don't attempt to build DBD::mysql against either the MySQL Windows or
Linux/Unix BINARY distributions: neither will work!
You MUST compile the MySQL clients yourself under Cygwin, to get a
'libmysqlclient.a' compiled under Cygwin. Really! You'll only need that
library and the header files, you don't need any other client parts.
Continue to use the Windows binaries. And don't attempt (currently) to
build the MySQL Server part, it is unnecessary, as MySQL AB does an
excellent job to deliver optimized binaries for the mainstream
operating systems, and it is told, that the server compiled under
Cygwin is unstable.
Install a MySQL server for testing against. You can install the regular
Windows MySQL server package on your Windows machine, or you can also
test against a MySQL server on a remote host.
Build MySQL clients under Cygwin:
download the MySQL LINUX source from <https://www.mysql.com/downloads>;,
unpack mysql-<version>.tar.gz into some tmp location and from this
directory run configure:
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --without-server
This prepares the Makefile with the installed Cygwin features. It takes
some time, but should finish without error. The 'prefix', as given,
installs the whole Cygwin/MySQL thingy into a location not normally in
your PATH, so that you continue to use already installed Windows
binaries. The --without-server parameter tells configure to only build
the clients.
make
This builds all MySQL client parts ... be patient. It should finish
finally without any error.
make install
This installs the compiled client files under /usr/local/mysql/.
Remember, you don't need anything except the library under
/usr/local/mysql/lib and the headers under /usr/local/mysql/include!
Essentially you are now done with this part. If you want, you may try
your compiled binaries shortly; for that, do:
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysql -h 127.0.0.1
The host (-h) parameter 127.0.0.1 targets the local host, but forces
the mysql client to use a TCP/IP connection. The default would be a
pipe/socket connection (even if you say '-h localhost') and this
doesn't work between Cygwin and Windows (as far as I know).
If you have your MySQL server running on some other box, then please
substitute '127.0.0.1' with the name or IP-number of that box.
Please note, in my environment the 'mysql' client did not accept a
simple RETURN, I had to use CTRL-RETURN to send commands ... strange,
but I didn't attempt to fix that, as we are only interested in the
built lib and headers.
At the 'mysql>' prompt do a quick check:
mysql> use mysql
mysql> show tables;
mysql> select * from db;
mysql> exit
You are now ready to build DBD::mysql!
compile DBD::mysql
download and extract DBD-mysql-<version>.tar.gz from CPAN
cd into unpacked dir DBD-mysql-<version> you probably did that already,
if you are reading this!
cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config .
This copies the executable script mentioned in the DBD::mysql docs from
your just built Cywin/MySQL client directory; it knows about your
Cygwin installation, especially about the right libraries to link with.
perl Makefile.PL --testhost=127.0.0.1
The --testhost=127.0.0.1 parameter again forces a TCP/IP connection to
the MySQL server on the local host instead of a pipe/socket connection
for the 'make test' phase.
make
This should run without error
make test
make install
This installs DBD::mysql into the Perl hierarchy.
KNOWN PROBLEMS
no gzip on your system
Some Linux distributions don't come with a gzip library by default.
Running "make" terminates with an error message like
LD_RUN_PATH="/usr/lib/mysql:/lib:/usr/lib" gcc
-o blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so -shared
-L/usr/local/lib dbdimp.o mysql.o -L/usr/lib/mysql
-lmysqlclient -lm -L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i386-redhat-linux/2.96
-lgcc -lz
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lz
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so] Error 1
If this is the case for you, install an RPM archive like libz-devel,
libgz-devel, zlib-devel or gzlib-devel or something similar.
different compiler for mysql and perl
If Perl was compiled with gcc or egcs, but MySQL was compiled with
another compiler or on another system, an error message like this is
very likely when running "Make test":
t/00base............install_driver(mysql) failed: Can't load
'../blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so' for module DBD::mysql:
../blib/arch/auto/DBD/mysql/mysql.so: undefined symbol: _umoddi3
at /usr/local/perl-5.005/lib/5.005/i586-linux-thread/DynaLoader.pm
line 168.
This means, that your linker doesn't include libgcc.a. You have the
following options:
The solution is telling the linker to use libgcc. Run
gcc --print-libgcc-file
to determine the exact location of libgcc.a or for older versions of
gcc
gcc -v
to determine the directory. If you know the directory, add a
-L<directory> -lgcc
to the list of C compiler flags. "Configuration". "Linker flags".
SUPPORT
Finally, if everything else fails, you are not alone. First of all, for
an immediate answer, you should look into the archives of the dbi-users
mailing list, which is available at
<http://groups.google.com/group/perl.dbi.users?hl=en&lr=>;
To subscribe to this list, send and email to
dbi-users-subscribe AT perl.org
If you don't find an appropriate posting and reply in the mailing list,
please post a question. Typically a reply will be seen within one or
two days.
perl v5.26.3 2018-02-04 DBD::mysql::INSTALL(3)
Linux-Distributionen
Huschi als Linux-Admin