unzip(template) - phpMan

UNZIP(1L)                                                            UNZIP(1L)

NAME
       unzip - list, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
SYNOPSIS
       unzip  [-Z] [-cflptTuvz[abjnoqsCDKLMUVWX$/:^]] file[.zip] [file(s) ...]
       [-x xfile(s) ...] [-d exdir]
DESCRIPTION
       unzip will list, test, or extract files from a  ZIP  archive,  commonly
       found  on MS-DOS systems.  The default behavior (with no options) is to
       extract into the current directory (and subdirectories  below  it)  all
       files  from  the  specified ZIP archive.  A companion program, zip(1L),
       creates ZIP archives; both programs are compatible with  archives  cre-
       ated  by  PKWARE's  PKZIP and PKUNZIP for MS-DOS, but in many cases the
       program options or default behaviors differ.
ARGUMENTS
       file[.zip]
              Path of the ZIP archive(s).  If  the  file  specification  is  a
              wildcard, each matching file is processed in an order determined
              by the operating system (or file system).  Only the filename can
              be a wildcard; the path itself cannot.  Wildcard expressions are
              similar to those supported in commonly  used  Unix  shells  (sh,
              ksh, csh) and may contain:
              *      matches a sequence of 0 or more characters
              ?      matches exactly 1 character
              [...]  matches  any  single character found inside the brackets;
                     ranges are specified by a beginning character, a  hyphen,
                     and  an  ending  character.  If an exclamation point or a
                     caret (`!' or `^') follows the  left  bracket,  then  the
                     range  of  characters within the brackets is complemented
                     (that is,  anything  except  the  characters  inside  the
                     brackets  is  considered a match).  To specify a verbatim
                     left bracket, the three-character sequence ``[[]'' has to
                     be used.
              (Be  sure  to quote any character that might otherwise be inter-
              preted or modified by the operating system,  particularly  under
              Unix  and  VMS.)   If no matches are found, the specification is
              assumed to be a literal filename; and if that  also  fails,  the
              suffix  .zip  is  appended.  Note that self-extracting ZIP files
              are supported, as with any other ZIP archive; just  specify  the
              .exe suffix (if any) explicitly.
       [file(s)]
              An  optional  list of archive members to be processed, separated
              by spaces.  (VMS versions  compiled  with  VMSCLI  defined  must
              delimit  files  with  commas instead.  See -v in OPTIONS below.)
              Regular expressions (wildcards) may be used  to  match  multiple
              members;  see  above.   Again, be sure to quote expressions that
              would otherwise be expanded or modified by the operating system.
       [-x xfile(s)]
              An optional list of archive members to be excluded from process-
              ing.   Since  wildcard characters normally match (`/') directory
              separators (for exceptions see the option -W), this  option  may
              be  used  to  exclude any files that are in subdirectories.  For
              example, ``unzip foo *.[ch] -x */*'' would extract all C  source
              files  in  the  main  directory, but none in any subdirectories.
              Without the -x option, all C source  files  in  all  directories
              within the zipfile would be extracted.
       [-d exdir]
              An  optional  directory  to which to extract files.  By default,
              all files and subdirectories are recreated in the current direc-
              tory;  the -d option allows extraction in an arbitrary directory
              (always assuming one has permission to write to the  directory).
              This  option  need not appear at the end of the command line; it
              is also accepted before the zipfile specification (with the nor-
              mal  options),  immediately  after the zipfile specification, or
              between the file(s) and the -x option.  The option and directory
              may  be  concatenated  without any white space between them, but
              note that this may cause normal shell behavior to be suppressed.
              In  particular,  ``-d ~''  (tilde)  is expanded by Unix C shells
              into the name of the  user's  home  directory,  but  ``-d~''  is
              treated  as  a  literal subdirectory ``~'' of the current direc-
              tory.
OPTIONS
       Note that, in order to  support  obsolescent  hardware,  unzip's  usage
       screen  is limited to 22 or 23 lines and should therefore be considered
       only a reminder of the basic unzip syntax  rather  than  an  exhaustive
       list of all possible flags.  The exhaustive list follows:
       -Z     zipinfo(1L)  mode.   If  the first option on the command line is
              -Z, the remaining options are taken to be  zipinfo(1L)  options.
              See  the  appropriate  manual  page  for  a description of these
              options.
       -A     [OS/2, Unix DLL] print extended help for the  DLL's  programming
              interface (API).
       -c     extract  files to stdout/screen (``CRT'').  This option is simi-
              lar to the -p option except  that  the  name  of  each  file  is
              printed as it is extracted, the -a option is allowed, and ASCII-
              EBCDIC conversion is  automatically  performed  if  appropriate.
              This option is not listed in the unzip usage screen.
       -f     freshen  existing  files,  i.e.,  extract  only those files that
              already exist on disk and that are newer than the  disk  copies.
              By  default  unzip queries before overwriting, but the -o option
              may be used to suppress the queries.  Note that under many oper-
              ating  systems,  the  TZ (timezone) environment variable must be
              set correctly in order for -f and -u  to  work  properly  (under
              Unix  the  variable  is usually set automatically).  The reasons
              for this are somewhat subtle but have to do with the differences
              between  DOS-format file times (always local time) and Unix-for-
              mat times (always in GMT/UTC) and the necessity to  compare  the
              two.   A  typical  TZ value is ``PST8PDT'' (US Pacific time with
              automatic adjustment  for  Daylight  Savings  Time  or  ``summer
              time'').
       -l     list archive files (short format).  The names, uncompressed file
              sizes and modification dates and times of  the  specified  files
              are  printed,  along  with  totals  for all files specified.  If
              UnZip was compiled with OS2_EAS  defined,  the  -l  option  also
              lists  columns  for the sizes of stored OS/2 extended attributes
              (EAs) and OS/2 access control lists (ACLs).   In  addition,  the
              zipfile  comment  and individual file comments (if any) are dis-
              played.  If a file was archived from a single-case  file  system
              (for  example, the old MS-DOS FAT file system) and the -L option
              was given, the filename is converted to lowercase  and  is  pre-
              fixed with a caret (^).
       -p     extract  files  to  pipe (stdout).  Nothing but the file data is
              sent to stdout, and the files are  always  extracted  in  binary
              format, just as they are stored (no conversions).
       -t     test archive files.  This option extracts each specified file in
              memory  and  compares  the  CRC  (cyclic  redundancy  check,  an
              enhanced checksum) of the expanded file with the original file's
              stored CRC value.
       -T     [most OSes] set the timestamp on the archive(s) to that  of  the
              newest  file  in each one.  This corresponds to zip's -go option
              except that it can be used on wildcard zipfiles  (e.g.,  ``unzip
              -T \*.zip'') and is much faster.
       -u     update  existing  files  and  create  new  ones if needed.  This
              option performs the same function as the -f  option,  extracting
              (with  query) files that are newer than those with the same name
              on disk, and in addition it extracts those  files  that  do  not
              already  exist on disk.  See -f above for information on setting
              the timezone properly.
       -v     list archive files (verbose format) or show  diagnostic  version
              info.  This option has evolved and now behaves as both an option
              and a modifier.  As an option it has two purposes:  when a  zip-
              file  is specified with no other options, -v lists archive files
              verbosely, adding to the basic -l info the  compression  method,
              compressed  size, compression ratio and 32-bit CRC.  In contrast
              to most of the competing utilities, unzip removes the  12  addi-
              tional  header  bytes  of  encrypted entries from the compressed
              size numbers.  Therefore, compressed size and compression  ratio
              figures  are  independent  of  the entry's encryption status and
              show the correct compression performance.  (The complete size of
              the  encrypted  compressed  data  stream  for zipfile entries is
              reported by the more verbose zipinfo(1L) reports, see the  sepa-
              rate  manual.)   When no zipfile is specified (that is, the com-
              plete command is simply ``unzip -v''), a  diagnostic  screen  is
              printed.  In addition to the normal header with release date and
              version, unzip lists the home Info-ZIP ftp  site  and  where  to
              find a list of other ftp and non-ftp sites; the target operating
              system for which it was compiled,  as  well  as  (possibly)  the
              hardware  on  which  it  was  compiled, the compiler and version
              used, and the compilation date; any special compilation  options
              that  might  affect the program's operation (see also DECRYPTION
              below); and any options stored  in  environment  variables  that
              might  do  the same (see ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS below).  As a modi-
              fier it works in conjunction with other options  (e.g.,  -t)  to
              produce  more verbose or debugging output; this is not yet fully
              implemented but will be in future releases.
       -z     display only the archive comment.
MODIFIERS
       -a     convert text files.  Ordinarily all files are extracted  exactly
              as  they are stored (as ``binary'' files).  The -a option causes
              files identified by zip as text files (those with the `t'  label
              in  zipinfo  listings,  rather  than  `b')  to  be automatically
              extracted as such, converting line endings, end-of-file  charac-
              ters  and  the character set itself as necessary.  (For example,
              Unix files use line feeds (LFs) for end-of-line (EOL)  and  have
              no  end-of-file  (EOF)  marker; Macintoshes use carriage returns
              (CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use CR+LF for EOLs
              and  control-Z  for  EOF.   In  addition, IBM mainframes and the
              Michigan Terminal System use EBCDIC rather than the more  common
              ASCII  character set, and NT supports Unicode.)  Note that zip's
              identification of text  files  is  by  no  means  perfect;  some
              ``text''  files  may  actually  be binary and vice versa.  unzip
              therefore prints ``[text]'' or ``[binary]'' as  a  visual  check
              for  each  file  it  extracts when using the -a option.  The -aa
              option forces all files to be extracted as text,  regardless  of
              the supposed file type.  On VMS, see also -S.
       -b     [general] treat all files as binary (no text conversions).  This
              is a shortcut for ---a.
       -b     [Tandem] force the creation files with filecode type  180  ('C')
              when  extracting Zip entries marked as "text". (On Tandem, -a is
              enabled by default, see above).
       -b     [VMS] auto-convert binary files (see -a above) to  fixed-length,
              512-byte  record  format.   Doubling the option (-bb) forces all
              files to be extracted in this format. When extracting  to  stan-
              dard  output (-c or -p option in effect), the default conversion
              of text record delimiters is disabled for binary (-b) resp.  all
              (-bb) files.
       -B     [when  compiled  with  UNIXBACKUP defined] save a backup copy of
              each overwritten file. The backup file is gets the name  of  the
              target file with a tilde and optionally a unique sequence number
              (up to 5 digits) appended.  The sequence number is applied when-
              ever  another  file  with  the  original name plus tilde already
              exists.  When used together with the "overwrite all" option  -o,
              numbered  backup  files  are  never  created.  In this case, all
              backup files are named as the original  file  with  an  appended
              tilde,  existing  backup files are deleted without notice.  This
              feature works similarly to the default behavior of  emacs(1)  in
              many locations.
              Example: the old copy of ``foo'' is renamed to ``foo~''.
              Warning:  Users should be aware that the -B option does not pre-
              vent loss of existing data under all circumstances.   For  exam-
              ple,  when  unzip  is  run  in  overwrite-all  mode, an existing
              ``foo~'' file is deleted before unzip attempts to rename ``foo''
              to  ``foo~''.  When this rename attempt fails (because of a file
              locks, insufficient  privileges,  or  ...),  the  extraction  of
              ``foo~''  gets  cancelled,  but  the  old backup file is already
              lost.  A similar scenario takes place when the  sequence  number
              range  for numbered backup files gets exhausted (99999, or 65535
              for 16-bit systems).  In this case, the  backup  file  with  the
              maximum  sequence  number  is  deleted  and  replaced by the new
              backup version without notice.
       -C     use case-insensitive  matching  for  the  selection  of  archive
              entries  from  the  command-line  list of extract selection pat-
              terns.  unzip's philosophy is ``you get what you ask for'' (this
              is  also  responsible  for  the  -L/-U  change; see the relevant
              options below).  Because some file systems are fully case-sensi-
              tive (notably those under the Unix operating system) and because
              both ZIP archives and unzip itself  are  portable  across  plat-
              forms,  unzip's  default  behavior is to match both wildcard and
              literal filenames case-sensitively.  That is, specifying ``make-
              file''  on  the command line will only match ``makefile'' in the
              archive, not ``Makefile'' or  ``MAKEFILE''  (and  similarly  for
              wildcard specifications).  Since this does not correspond to the
              behavior of many other operating/file systems (for example, OS/2
              HPFS,  which  preserves  mixed case but is not sensitive to it),
              the -C option may be used to force all filename  matches  to  be
              case-insensitive.   In  the example above, all three files would
              then match ``makefile'' (or  ``make*'',  or  similar).   The  -C
              option  affects  file specs in both the normal file list and the
              excluded-file list (xlist).
              Please note that the -C option does neither  affect  the  search
              for the zipfile(s) nor the matching of archive entries to exist-
              ing files on the extraction path.  On a case-sensitive file sys-
              tem,  unzip  will  never  try  to  overwrite a file ``FOO'' when
              extracting an entry ``foo''!
       -D     skip restoration of timestamps for extracted  items.   Normally,
              unzip  tries to restore all meta-information for extracted items
              that are supplied in the Zip archive (and do not require  privi-
              leges  or  impose  a security risk).  By specifying -D, unzip is
              told to  suppress  restoration  of  timestamps  for  directories
              explicitly  created  from Zip archive entries.  This option only
              applies to ports that support setting timestamps for directories
              (currently  ATheOS,  BeOS,  MacOS,  OS/2,  Unix, VMS, Win32, for
              other unzip ports, -D has no effect).  The duplicated option -DD
              forces  suppression  of  timestamp restoration for all extracted
              entries (files and directories).  This option results in setting
              the timestamps for all extracted entries to the current time.
              On  VMS,  the  default setting for this option is -D for consis-
              tency  with  the  behaviour  of  BACKUP:  file  timestamps   are
              restored,  timestamps  of  extracted directories are left at the
              current time.  To enable restoration  of  directory  timestamps,
              the  negated option --D should be specified.  On VMS, the option
              -D disables timestamp restoration for all extracted Zip  archive
              items.  (Here, a single -D on the command line combines with the
              default -D to do what an explicit -DD does on other systems.)
       -E     [MacOS only]  display  contents  of  MacOS  extra  field  during
              restore operation.
       -F     [Acorn  only]  suppress  removal  of NFS filetype extension from
              stored filenames.
       -F     [non-Acorn systems supporting long filenames with embedded  com-
              mas,  and  only if compiled with ACORN_FTYPE_NFS defined] trans-
              late filetype information from ACORN RISC OS extra field  blocks
              into  a NFS filetype extension and append it to the names of the
              extracted files.  (When the stored filename appears  to  already
              have  an  appended NFS filetype extension, it is replaced by the
              info from the extra field.)
       -i     [MacOS only] ignore filenames  stored  in  MacOS  extra  fields.
              Instead, the most compatible filename stored in the generic part
              of the entry's header is used.
       -j     junk paths.  The archive's directory structure is not recreated;
              all files are deposited in the extraction directory (by default,
              the current one).
       -J     [BeOS  only]  junk  file  attributes.   The  file's  BeOS   file
              attributes are not restored, just the file's data.
       -J     [MacOS  only] ignore MacOS extra fields.  All Macintosh specific
              info is skipped. Data-fork and  resource-fork  are  restored  as
              separate files.
       -K     [AtheOS,   BeOS,   Unix   only]   retain   SUID/SGID/Tacky  file
              attributes.  Without this flag, these attribute bits are cleared
              for security reasons.
       -L     convert  to  lowercase any filename originating on an uppercase-
              only operating system or file system.  (This was unzip's default
              behavior  in releases prior to 5.11; the new default behavior is
              identical to the old behavior with the -U option, which  is  now
              obsolete and will be removed in a future release.)  Depending on
              the archiver, files  archived  under  single-case  file  systems
              (VMS,  old  MS-DOS  FAT,  etc.)  may  be stored as all-uppercase
              names; this can be ugly or inconvenient  when  extracting  to  a
              case-preserving  file  system such as OS/2 HPFS or a case-sensi-
              tive one such  as  under  Unix.   By  default  unzip  lists  and
              extracts  such  filenames  exactly  as they're stored (excepting
              truncation, conversion of unsupported  characters,  etc.);  this
              option  causes the names of all files from certain systems to be
              converted to lowercase.  The -LL  option  forces  conversion  of
              every  filename to lowercase, regardless of the originating file
              system.
       -M     pipe all output through an internal pager similar  to  the  Unix
              more(1)  command.   At  the  end of a screenful of output, unzip
              pauses with a ``--More--'' prompt; the  next  screenful  may  be
              viewed  by  pressing  the  Enter  (Return) key or the space bar.
              unzip can be terminated by pressing the ``q'' key and,  on  some
              systems, the Enter/Return key.  Unlike Unix more(1), there is no
              forward-searching or editing capability.   Also,  unzip  doesn't
              notice if long lines wrap at the edge of the screen, effectively
              resulting in the printing of two or more lines and  the  likeli-
              hood that some text will scroll off the top of the screen before
              being viewed.  On some systems the number of available lines  on
              the  screen  is  not  detected,  in which case unzip assumes the
              height is 24 lines.
       -n     never overwrite existing files.  If a file already exists,  skip
              the extraction of that file without prompting.  By default unzip
              queries before extracting any file that already exists; the user
              may  choose  to  overwrite  only the current file, overwrite all
              files, skip extraction of the current file, skip  extraction  of
              all existing files, or rename the current file.
       -N     [Amiga] extract file comments as Amiga filenotes.  File comments
              are created with the -c option of zip(1L), or with the -N option
              of  the  Amiga  port  of zip(1L), which stores filenotes as com-
              ments.
       -o     overwrite existing files without prompting.  This is a dangerous
              option,  so  use  it with care.  (It is often used with -f, how-
              ever, and is the only  way  to  overwrite  directory  EAs  under
              OS/2.)
       -P password
              use  password  to  decrypt  encrypted  zipfile entries (if any).
              THIS IS INSECURE!  Many  multi-user  operating  systems  provide
              ways  for  any user to see the current command line of any other
              user; even on stand-alone systems there is always the threat  of
              over-the-shoulder  peeking.   Storing  the plaintext password as
              part of a command line in an automated  script  is  even  worse.
              Whenever  possible,  use  the non-echoing, interactive prompt to
              enter passwords.  (And where security is  truly  important,  use
              strong  encryption  such  as  Pretty Good Privacy instead of the
              relatively weak encryption provided by standard  zipfile  utili-
              ties.)
       -q     perform  operations  quietly  (-qq  = even quieter).  Ordinarily
              unzip prints the names of the files it's extracting or  testing,
              the extraction methods, any file or zipfile comments that may be
              stored in the archive, and possibly a summary when finished with
              each  archive.   The -q[q] options suppress the printing of some
              or all of these messages.
       -s     [OS/2, NT, MS-DOS] convert spaces in filenames  to  underscores.
              Since  all PC operating systems allow spaces in filenames, unzip
              by  default  extracts  filenames  with  spaces   intact   (e.g.,
              ``EA DATA. SF'').  This can be awkward, however, since MS-DOS in
              particular does not  gracefully  support  spaces  in  filenames.
              Conversion  of  spaces to underscores can eliminate the awkward-
              ness in some cases.
       -S     [VMS] convert text files (-a, -aa) into Stream_LF record format,
              instead of the text-file default, variable-length record format.
              (Stream_LF is the default record format  of  VMS  unzip.  It  is
              applied  unless conversion (-a, -aa and/or -b, -bb) is requested
              or a VMS-specific entry is processed.)
       -U     [UNICODE_SUPPORT only] modify or disable UTF-8  handling.   When
              UNICODE_SUPPORT  is  available,  the  option  -U forces unzip to
              escape all non-ASCII characters from UTF-8  coded  filenames  as
              ``#Uxxxx''  (for  UCS-2  characters, or ``#Lxxxxxx'' for unicode
              codepoints needing 3 octets).  This option  is  mainly  provided
              for  debugging purpose when the fairly new UTF-8 support is sus-
              pected to mangle up extracted filenames.
              The option -UU allows to entirely  disable  the  recognition  of
              UTF-8  encoded  filenames.   The  handling  of  filename codings
              within unzip falls back to the behaviour of previous versions.
              [old, obsolete usage] leave filenames uppercase if created under
              MS-DOS, VMS, etc.  See -L above.
       -V     retain (VMS) file version numbers.  VMS files can be stored with
              a version number, in the format  file.ext;##.   By  default  the
              ``;##''  version  numbers  are  stripped, but this option allows
              them to be retained.  (On file systems that limit  filenames  to
              particularly short lengths, the version numbers may be truncated
              or stripped regardless of this option.)
       -W     [only when WILD_STOP_AT_DIR compile-time option  enabled]  modi-
              fies  the pattern matching routine so that both `?' (single-char
              wildcard) and `*' (multi-char wildcard) do not match the  direc-
              tory  separator  character  `/'.   (The  two-character  sequence
              ``**'' acts as a multi-char wildcard that includes the directory
              separator in its matched characters.)  Examples:
           "*.c" matches "foo.c" but not "mydir/foo.c"
           "**.c" matches both "foo.c" and "mydir/foo.c"
           "*/*.c" matches "bar/foo.c" but not "baz/bar/foo.c"
           "??*/*" matches "ab/foo" and "abc/foo"
                   but not "a/foo" or "a/b/foo"
              This  modified  behaviour  is equivalent to the pattern matching
              style used by the shells of some of UnZip's supported target OSs
              (one  example  is Acorn RISC OS).  This option may not be avail-
              able on systems where the Zip archive's internal directory sepa-
              rator  character  `/'  is allowed as regular character in native
              operating system filenames.  (Currently,  UnZip  uses  the  same
              pattern  matching rules for both wildcard zipfile specifications
              and zip entry selection patterns in  most  ports.   For  systems
              allowing  `/' as regular filename character, the -W option would
              not work as expected on a wildcard zipfile specification.)
       -X     [VMS, Unix, OS/2,  NT,  Tandem]  restore  owner/protection  info
              (UICs  and  ACL  entries)  under  VMS,  or  user  and group info
              (UID/GID) under Unix, or access control lists (ACLs) under  cer-
              tain  network-enabled versions of OS/2 (Warp Server with IBM LAN
              Server/Requester 3.0 to 5.0; Warp Connect with IBM Peer 1.0), or
              security ACLs under Windows NT.  In most cases this will require
              special system privileges, and doubling the option  (-XX)  under
              NT  instructs  unzip to use privileges for extraction; but under
              Unix, for example, a user who  belongs  to  several  groups  can
              restore  files owned by any of those groups, as long as the user
              IDs match his or her own.  Note that  ordinary  file  attributes
              are always restored--this option applies only to optional, extra
              ownership info  available  on  some  operating  systems.   [NT's
              access  control  lists do not appear to be especially compatible
              with OS/2's, so no attempt is made at cross-platform portability
              of  access  privileges.   It  is not clear under what conditions
              this would ever be useful anyway.]
       -Y     [VMS] treat  archived  file  name  endings  of  ``.nnn''  (where
              ``nnn''  is  a decimal  number) as if they were VMS version num-
              bers (``;nnn'').  (The default is to treat them as file  types.)
              Example:
                   "a.b.3" -> "a.b;3".
       -$     [MS-DOS,  OS/2,  NT]  restore the volume label if the extraction
              medium is removable (e.g., a  diskette).   Doubling  the  option
              (-$$) allows fixed media (hard disks) to be labeled as well.  By
              default, volume labels are ignored.
       -/ extensions
              [Acorn only] overrides the extension list supplied by  Unzip$Ext
              environment  variable.  During  extraction,  filename extensions
              that match one of the items in this extension list  are  swapped
              in front of the base name of the extracted file.
       -:     [all  but  Acorn, VM/CMS, MVS, Tandem] allows to extract archive
              members into locations outside of the current `` extraction root
              folder''.  For security reasons, unzip normally removes ``parent
              dir'' path components (``../'')  from  the  names  of  extracted
              file.  This safety feature (new for version 5.50) prevents unzip
              from accidentally writing files to ``sensitive''  areas  outside
              the  active  extraction  folder  tree  head.  The -: option lets
              unzip switch back to its previous, more  liberal  behaviour,  to
              allow  exact  extraction  of  (older) archives that used ``../''
              components to create multiple directory trees at  the  level  of
              the  current  extraction  folder.   This  option does not enable
              writing explicitly to the root directory  (``/'').   To  achieve
              this,  it  is  necessary  to set the extraction target folder to
              root (e.g. -d / ).  However, when the -: option is specified, it
              is  still  possible to implicitly write to the root directory by
              specifying enough ``../'' path components  within  the  zip  ar-
              chive.  Use this option with extreme caution.
       -^     [Unix  only]  allow control characters in names of extracted ZIP
              archive entries.  On Unix, a file name may contain  any  (8-bit)
              character  code with the two exception '/' (directory delimiter)
              and NUL (0x00, the C string termination indicator),  unless  the
              specific  file  system has more restrictive conventions.  Gener-
              ally, this allows to embed ASCII  control  characters  (or  even
              sophisticated  control  sequences)  in  file  names, at least on
              'native' Unix file systems.  However, it may  be  highly  suspi-
              cious  to  make  use  of  this Unix "feature".  Embedded control
              characters in file names might have nasty side effects when dis-
              played on screen by some listing code without sufficient filter-
              ing.  And, for ordinary users, it may  be  difficult  to  handle
              such  file names (e.g. when trying to specify it for open, copy,
              move, or delete operations).  Therefore, unzip applies a  filter
              by default that removes potentially dangerous control characters
              from the extracted file names. The -^ option allows to  override
              this  filter  in  the  rare  case that embedded filename control
              characters are to be intentionally restored.
       -2     [VMS]  force  unconditionally  conversion  of  file   names   to
              ODS2-compatible  names.   The default is to exploit the destina-
              tion file system, preserving case and extended file name charac-
              ters  on  an  ODS5  destination  file  system;  and applying the
              ODS2-compatibility file name filtering on  an  ODS2  destination
              file system.
ENVIRONMENT OPTIONS
       unzip's default behavior may be modified via options placed in an envi-
       ronment variable.  This can be done with any option, but it is probably
       most  useful  with the -a, -L, -C, -q, -o, or -n modifiers:  make unzip
       auto-convert text files by default,  make  it  convert  filenames  from
       uppercase systems to lowercase, make it match names case-insensitively,
       make it quieter, or make it always overwrite or never  overwrite  files
       as it extracts them.  For example, to make unzip act as quietly as pos-
       sible, only reporting errors, one would use one of the  following  com-
       mands:
         Unix Bourne shell:
              UNZIP=-qq; export UNZIP
         Unix C shell:
              setenv UNZIP -qq
         OS/2 or MS-DOS:
              set UNZIP=-qq
         VMS (quotes for lowercase):
              define UNZIP_OPTS "-qq"
       Environment  options  are,  in  effect,  considered to be just like any
       other command-line options, except that they are effectively the  first
       options  on  the  command line.  To override an environment option, one
       may use the ``minus operator'' to remove it.  For instance, to override
       one of the quiet-flags in the example above, use the command
       unzip --q[other options] zipfile
       The  first  hyphen  is the normal switch character, and the second is a
       minus sign, acting on the q option.  Thus the effect here is to  cancel
       one  quantum  of  quietness.  To cancel both quiet flags, two (or more)
       minuses may be used:
       unzip -t--q zipfile
       unzip ---qt zipfile
       (the two are equivalent).  This may seem awkward or confusing,  but  it
       is  reasonably  intuitive:   just  ignore  the first hyphen and go from
       there.  It is also consistent with the behavior of Unix nice(1).
       As suggested by the examples above,  the  default  variable  names  are
       UNZIP_OPTS for VMS (where the symbol used to install unzip as a foreign
       command would otherwise be confused with the environment variable), and
       UNZIP for all other operating systems.  For compatibility with zip(1L),
       UNZIPOPT is also accepted (don't ask).  If both UNZIP and UNZIPOPT  are
       defined,  however,  UNZIP  takes precedence.  unzip's diagnostic option
       (-v with no zipfile name) can be used to check the values of  all  four
       possible unzip and zipinfo environment variables.
       The  timezone  variable (TZ) should be set according to the local time-
       zone in order for the -f and -u to operate correctly.  See the descrip-
       tion  of  -f above for details.  This variable may also be necessary to
       get timestamps of extracted files  to  be  set  correctly.   The  WIN32
       (Win9x/ME/NT4/2K/XP/2K3)  port of unzip gets the timezone configuration
       from the registry, assuming it is correctly set in the  Control  Panel.
       The TZ variable is ignored for this port.
DECRYPTION
       Encrypted archives are fully supported by Info-ZIP software, but due to
       United States export restrictions, de-/encryption support might be dis-
       abled  in  your compiled binary.  However, since spring 2000, US export
       restrictions have been  liberated,  and  our  source  archives  do  now
       include  full  crypt  code.  In case you need binary distributions with
       crypt support enabled, see the file ``WHERE'' in any Info-ZIP source or
       binary distribution for locations both inside and outside the US.
       Some compiled versions of unzip may not support decryption.  To check a
       version for crypt  support,  either  attempt  to  test  or  extract  an
       encrypted  archive, or else check unzip's diagnostic screen (see the -v
       option above) for ``[decryption]'' as one of  the  special  compilation
       options.
       As  noted  above, the -P option may be used to supply a password on the
       command line, but at a cost  in  security.   The  preferred  decryption
       method is simply to extract normally; if a zipfile member is encrypted,
       unzip will prompt for the  password  without  echoing  what  is  typed.
       unzip  continues  to  use the same password as long as it appears to be
       valid, by testing a 12-byte header on each file.  The correct  password
       will  always  check  out  against  the  header, but there is a 1-in-256
       chance that an incorrect password will as well.  (This  is  a  security
       feature  of  the  PKWARE  zipfile  format; it helps prevent brute-force
       attacks that might otherwise gain a large speed  advantage  by  testing
       only  the header.)  In the case that an incorrect password is given but
       it passes the header test anyway, either an incorrect CRC will be  gen-
       erated  for  the  extracted  data  or  else  unzip will fail during the
       extraction because the ``decrypted'' bytes do not  constitute  a  valid
       compressed data stream.
       If  the  first password fails the header check on some file, unzip will
       prompt for another password, and so on until all files  are  extracted.
       If  a  password is not known, entering a null password (that is, just a
       carriage return or ``Enter'') is taken as a signal to skip all  further
       prompting.  Only unencrypted files in the archive(s) will thereafter be
       extracted.  (In fact, that's not quite true; older versions of  zip(1L)
       and zipcloak(1L) allowed null passwords, so unzip checks each encrypted
       file to see if the null password works.  This  may  result  in  ``false
       positives'' and extraction errors, as noted above.)
       Archives  encrypted  with  8-bit passwords (for example, passwords with
       accented European characters) may not be portable across systems and/or
       other  archivers.  This problem stems from the use of multiple encoding
       methods for such characters, including Latin-1  (ISO  8859-1)  and  OEM
       code  page  850.  DOS PKZIP 2.04g uses the OEM code page; Windows PKZIP
       2.50 uses Latin-1 (and is therefore incompatible with DOS PKZIP); Info-
       ZIP uses the OEM code page on DOS, OS/2 and Win3.x ports but ISO coding
       (Latin-1 etc.) everywhere else; and Nico  Mak's  WinZip  6.x  does  not
       allow 8-bit passwords at all.  UnZip 5.3 (or newer) attempts to use the
       default character set first (e.g., Latin-1), followed by the  alternate
       one  (e.g.,  OEM  code  page) to test passwords.  On EBCDIC systems, if
       both of these fail, EBCDIC encoding will be tested as  a  last  resort.
       (EBCDIC is not tested on non-EBCDIC systems, because there are no known
       archivers that encrypt using EBCDIC encoding.)  ISO character encodings
       other  than Latin-1 are not supported.  The new addition of (partially)
       Unicode (resp.  UTF-8) support in UnZip 6.0 has not yet been adapted to
       the  encryption  password handling in unzip.  On systems that use UTF-8
       as native character encoding, unzip simply tries  decryption  with  the
       native UTF-8 encoded password; the built-in attempts to check the pass-
       word in translated encoding have not yet been adapted for UTF-8 support
       and will consequently fail.
EXAMPLES
       To use unzip to extract all members of the archive letters.zip into the
       current directory and subdirectories below it, creating any subdirecto-
       ries as necessary:
       unzip letters
       To extract all members of letters.zip into the current directory only:
       unzip -j letters
       To test letters.zip, printing only a summary message indicating whether
       the archive is OK or not:
       unzip -tq letters
       To test all zipfiles in the current directory, printing only  the  sum-
       maries:
       unzip -tq \*.zip
       (The  backslash  before  the  asterisk  is  only  required if the shell
       expands wildcards, as in Unix;  double  quotes  could  have  been  used
       instead, as in the source examples below.)  To extract to standard out-
       put all members of letters.zip whose names end in .tex, auto-converting
       to the local end-of-line convention and piping the output into more(1):
       unzip -ca letters \*.tex | more
       To extract the binary file paper1.dvi to standard output and pipe it to
       a printing program:
       unzip -p articles paper1.dvi | dvips
       To extract all FORTRAN and C source files--*.f,  *.c,  *.h,  and  Make-
       file--into the /tmp directory:
       unzip source.zip "*.[fch]" Makefile -d /tmp
       (the  double  quotes are necessary only in Unix and only if globbing is
       turned on).  To extract all FORTRAN and C source files,  regardless  of
       case  (e.g.,  both *.c and *.C, and any makefile, Makefile, MAKEFILE or
       similar):
       unzip -C source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
       To extract any such files but convert any uppercase MS-DOS or VMS names
       to  lowercase  and  convert the line-endings of all of the files to the
       local standard (without respect to  any  files  that  might  be  marked
       ``binary''):
       unzip -aaCL source.zip "*.[fch]" makefile -d /tmp
       To  extract  only  newer  versions  of the files already in the current
       directory, without querying (NOTE:  be  careful  of  unzipping  in  one
       timezone  a  zipfile  created in another--ZIP archives other than those
       created by Zip 2.1 or later contain  no  timezone  information,  and  a
       ``newer'' file from an eastern timezone may, in fact, be older):
       unzip -fo sources
       To extract newer versions of the files already in the current directory
       and to create any files not already  there  (same  caveat  as  previous
       example):
       unzip -uo sources
       To  display a diagnostic screen showing which unzip and zipinfo options
       are stored in environment variables,  whether  decryption  support  was
       compiled in, the compiler with which unzip was compiled, etc.:
       unzip -v
       In  the  last  five examples, assume that UNZIP or UNZIP_OPTS is set to
       -q.  To do a singly quiet listing:
       unzip -l file.zip
       To do a doubly quiet listing:
       unzip -ql file.zip
       (Note that the ``.zip'' is generally not necessary.)  To do a  standard
       listing:
       unzip --ql file.zip
       or
       unzip -l-q file.zip
       or
       unzip -l--q file.zip
       (Extra minuses in options don't hurt.)
TIPS
       The  current  maintainer,  being  a  lazy sort, finds it very useful to
       define a pair of aliases:  tt for ``unzip -tq'' and ii for ``unzip -Z''
       (or  ``zipinfo'').   One may then simply type ``tt zipfile'' to test an
       archive, something that is worth making a habit of  doing.   With  luck
       unzip  will  report  ``No  errors  detected  in compressed data of zip-
       file.zip,'' after which one may breathe a sigh of relief.
       The maintainer also finds it useful to set the UNZIP environment  vari-
       able  to  ``-aL''  and  is  tempted to add ``-C'' as well.  His ZIPINFO
       variable is set to ``-z''.
DIAGNOSTICS
       The exit status (or error level) approximates the exit codes defined by
       PKWARE and takes on the following values, except under VMS:
              0      normal; no errors or warnings detected.
              1      one or more warning errors were encountered, but process-
                     ing completed successfully anyway.   This  includes  zip-
                     files  where  one or more files was skipped due to unsup-
                     ported compression method or encryption with  an  unknown
                     password.
              2      a generic error in the zipfile format was detected.  Pro-
                     cessing may have completed successfully anyway; some bro-
                     ken zipfiles created by other archivers have simple work-
                     arounds.
              3      a severe error in the zipfile format was detected.   Pro-
                     cessing probably failed immediately.
              4      unzip  was unable to allocate memory for one or more buf-
                     fers during program initialization.
              5      unzip was unable to allocate memory or unable to obtain a
                     tty to read the decryption password(s).
              6      unzip  was unable to allocate memory during decompression
                     to disk.
              7      unzip was unable  to  allocate  memory  during  in-memory
                     decompression.
              8      [currently not used]
              9      the specified zipfiles were not found.
              10     invalid options were specified on the command line.
              11     no matching files were found.
              50     the disk is (or was) full during extraction.
              51     the end of the ZIP archive was encountered prematurely.
              80     the  user  aborted  unzip  prematurely with control-C (or
                     similar)
              81     testing or extraction of one or more files failed due  to
                     unsupported  compression  methods  or unsupported decryp-
                     tion.
              82     no files were found due to  bad  decryption  password(s).
                     (If even one file is successfully processed, however, the
                     exit status is 1.)
       VMS interprets standard Unix (or PC) return values as  other,  scarier-
       looking things, so unzip instead maps them into VMS-style status codes.
       The current mapping is as  follows:    1  (success)  for  normal  exit,
       0x7fff0001    for   warning   errors,   and   (0x7fff000?   +   16*nor-
       mal_unzip_exit_status) for all other errors, where the `?' is 2 (error)
       for unzip values 2, 9-11 and 80-82, and 4 (fatal error) for the remain-
       ing ones (3-8, 50, 51).  In addition, there is a compilation option  to
       expand  upon  this behavior:  defining RETURN_CODES results in a human-
       readable explanation of what the error status means.
BUGS
       Multi-part archives are not yet supported, except in  conjunction  with
       zip.  (All parts must be concatenated together in order, and then ``zip
       -F'' (for zip 2.x) or ``zip -FF'' (for zip 3.x) must  be  performed  on
       the  concatenated  archive  in  order to ``fix'' it.  Also, zip 3.0 and
       later can combine multi-part (split) archives into a  combined  single-
       file  archive using ``zip -s- inarchive -O outarchive''.  See the zip 3
       manual page for more information.)  This will definitely  be  corrected
       in the next major release.
       Archives  read  from  standard input are not yet supported, except with
       funzip  (and  then  only  the  first  member  of  the  archive  can  be
       extracted).
       Archives  encrypted with 8-bit passwords (e.g., passwords with accented
       European characters) may not be portable across  systems  and/or  other
       archivers.  See the discussion in DECRYPTION above.
       unzip's -M (``more'') option tries to take into account automatic wrap-
       ping of long lines. However, the code may fail to  detect  the  correct
       wrapping   locations.   First,  TAB  characters  (and  similar  control
       sequences) are not taken into account, they  are  handled  as  ordinary
       printable  characters.   Second,  depending  on  the actual system / OS
       port, unzip may not detect the true screen geometry but rather rely  on
       "commonly used" default dimensions.  The correct handling of tabs would
       require the implementation of a query for the actual tabulator setup on
       the output console.
       Dates,  times  and  permissions  of stored directories are not restored
       except under Unix. (On Windows NT and successors,  timestamps  are  now
       restored.)
       [MS-DOS]  When  extracting or testing files from an archive on a defec-
       tive floppy diskette, if the  ``Fail''  option  is  chosen  from  DOS's
       ``Abort,  Retry,  Fail?'' message, older versions of unzip may hang the
       system, requiring a reboot.  This problem appears to be fixed, but con-
       trol-C (or control-Break) can still be used to terminate unzip.
       Under DEC Ultrix, unzip would sometimes fail on long zipfiles (bad CRC,
       not always reproducible).  This was apparently due either to a hardware
       bug  (cache  memory)  or  an operating system bug (improper handling of
       page faults?).  Since Ultrix has been abandoned  in  favor  of  Digital
       Unix (OSF/1), this may not be an issue anymore.
       [Unix]  Unix  special  files  such as FIFO buffers (named pipes), block
       devices and character devices are not restored even if they are somehow
       represented  in the zipfile, nor are hard-linked files relinked.  Basi-
       cally the only file types restored by unzip are regular files, directo-
       ries and symbolic (soft) links.
       [OS/2] Extended attributes for existing directories are only updated if
       the -o (``overwrite all'') option is given.  This is  a  limitation  of
       the  operating  system;  because  directories only have a creation time
       associated with them, unzip has no way to determine whether the  stored
       attributes are newer or older than those on disk.  In practice this may
       mean a two-pass approach is required:  first unpack  the  archive  nor-
       mally  (with or without freshening/updating existing files), then over-
       write just the directory entries (e.g., ``unzip -o foo */'').
       [VMS] When extracting to another directory, only the [.foo]  syntax  is
       accepted  for  the  -d  option;  the simple Unix foo syntax is silently
       ignored (as is the less common VMS foo.dir syntax).
       [VMS] When the file being extracted already exists, unzip's query  only
       allows  skipping, overwriting or renaming; there should additionally be
       a choice for creating a new version of the file.  In fact, the  ``over-
       write''  choice does create a new version; the old version is not over-
       written or deleted.
SEE ALSO
       funzip(1L),  zip(1L),  zipcloak(1L),  zipgrep(1L),  zipinfo(1L),   zip-
       note(1L), zipsplit(1L)
URL
       The Info-ZIP home page is currently at
       http://www.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/
       or
       ftp://ftp.info-zip.org/pub/infozip/ .
AUTHORS
       The  primary  Info-ZIP authors (current semi-active members of the Zip-
       Bugs workgroup) are:  Ed Gordon (Zip, general maintenance, shared code,
       Zip64,  Win32,  Unix,  Unicode);  Christian  Spieler (UnZip maintenance
       coordination, VMS, MS-DOS, Win32, shared code, general  Zip  and  UnZip
       integration  and  optimization);  Onno van der Linden (Zip); Mike White
       (Win32, Windows GUI, Windows  DLLs);  Kai  Uwe  Rommel  (OS/2,  Win32);
       Steven  M.  Schweda  (VMS, Unix, support of new features); Paul Kienitz
       (Amiga, Win32, Unicode); Chris Herborth (BeOS,  QNX,  Atari);  Jonathan
       Hudson (SMS/QDOS); Sergio Monesi (Acorn RISC OS); Harald Denker (Atari,
       MVS); John Bush (Solaris, Amiga); Hunter Goatley  (VMS,  Info-ZIP  Site
       maintenance);  Steve  Salisbury (Win32); Steve Miller (Windows CE GUI),
       Johnny Lee (MS-DOS, Win32, Zip64); and Dave Smith (Tandem NSK).
       The following people were former members of  the  Info-ZIP  development
       group  and  provided  major  contributions  to key parts of the current
       code: Greg ``Cave Newt'' Roelofs (UnZip, unshrink decompression); Jean-
       loup  Gailly  (deflate compression); Mark Adler (inflate decompression,
       fUnZip).
       The author of the original unzip code upon which Info-ZIP's  was  based
       is  Samuel H. Smith; Carl Mascott did the first Unix port; and David P.
       Kirschbaum organized and led Info-ZIP in  its  early  days  with  Keith
       Petersen  hosting the original mailing list at WSMR-SimTel20.  The full
       list of contributors to UnZip has grown quite large;  please  refer  to
       the  CONTRIBS  file  in  the UnZip source distribution for a relatively
       complete version.
VERSIONS
       v1.2   15 Mar 89   Samuel H. Smith
       v2.0    9 Sep 89   Samuel H. Smith
       v2.x   fall 1989   many Usenet contributors
       v3.0    1 May 90   Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
       v3.1   15 Aug 90   Info-ZIP (DPK, consolidator)
       v4.0    1 Dec 90   Info-ZIP (GRR, maintainer)
       v4.1   12 May 91   Info-ZIP
       v4.2   20 Mar 92   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.0   21 Aug 92   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.01  15 Jan 93   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.1    7 Feb 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.11   2 Aug 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.12  28 Aug 94   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.2   30 Apr 96   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.3   22 Apr 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.31  31 May 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.32   3 Nov 97   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, GRR)
       v5.4   28 Nov 98   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
       v5.41  16 Apr 00   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
       v5.42  14 Jan 01   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
       v5.5   17 Feb 02   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
       v5.51  22 May 04   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
       v5.52  28 Feb 05   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)
       v6.0   20 Apr 09   Info-ZIP (Zip-Bugs subgroup, SPC)

Info-ZIP                     20 April 2009 (v6.0)                    UNZIP(1L)