tc-pedit(8) - phpMan

Generic packet editor action in tc(8)LinuGeneric packet editor action in tc(8)

NAME
       pedit - generic packet editor action
SYNOPSIS
       tc  ...  action  pedit [ex] munge { RAW_OP | LAYERED_OP | EXTENDED_LAY-
               ERED_OP } [ CONTROL ]
       RAW_OP := offset OFFSET { u8 | u16 | u32 } [ AT_SPEC ] CMD_SPEC
       AT_SPEC := at AT offmask MASK shift SHIFT
       LAYERED_OP := { ip IPHDR_FIELD | ip BEYOND_IPHDR_FIELD } CMD_SPEC
       EXTENDED_LAYERED_OP :=  {  eth  ETHHDR_FIELD  |  ip  IPHDR_FIELD  |  ip
               EX_IPHDR_FIELD  |  ip6  IP6HDR_FIELD  |  tcp TCPHDR_FIELD | udp
               UDPHDR_FIELD } CMD_SPEC
       ETHHDR_FIELD := { src | dst | type }
       IPHDR_FIELD := { src | dst | tos | dsfield | ihl |  protocol  |  prece-
               dence | nofrag | firstfrag | ce | df }
       BEYOND_IPHDR_FIELD := { dport | sport | icmp_type | icmp_code }
       EX_IPHDR_FIELD := { ttl }

       IP6HDR_FIELD  :=  {  src  |  dst  |  flow_lbl | payload_len | nexthdr |
               hoplimit }
       TCPHDR_FIELD := { sport | dport | flags }
       UDPHDR_FIELD := { sport | dport }
       CMD_SPEC := { clear | invert | set VAL | add VAL | preserve } [  retain
               RVAL ]
       CONTROL  :=  { reclassify | pipe | drop | shot | continue | pass | goto
               chain CHAIN_INDEX }
DESCRIPTION
       The pedit action can be used to change arbitrary packet data. The loca-
       tion  of data to change can either be specified by giving an offset and
       size as in RAW_OP, or for header values by naming the header and  field
       to edit the size is then chosen automatically based on the header field
       size. Currently this is supported only for IPv4 headers.
OPTIONS
       ex     Use extended pedit.  EXTENDED_LAYERED_OP and  the  add  CMD_SPEC
              are allowed only in this mode.
       offset OFFSET { u32 | u16 | u8 }
              Specify  the offset at which to change data.  OFFSET is a signed
              integer, it's base is automatically chosen (e.g. hex if prefixed
              by 0x or octal if prefixed by 0).  The second argument specifies
              the length of data to change, that  is  four  bytes  (u32),  two
              bytes (u16) or a single byte (u8).
       at AT offmask MASK shift SHIFT
              This  is an optional part of RAW_OP which allows to have a vari-
              able OFFSET depending on packet data  at  offset  AT,  which  is
              binary  ANDed with MASK and right-shifted by SHIFT before adding
              it to OFFSET.
       eth ETHHDR_FIELD
              Change an ETH header field.  The  supported  keywords  for  ETH-
              HDR_FIELD are:
              src
              dst    Source or destination MAC address in the standard format:
                     XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
              type   Ether-type in numeric value
       ip IPHDR_FIELD
              Change  an  IPv4  header  field.  The  supported  keywords   for
              IPHDR_FIELD are:
              src
              dst    Source or destination IP address, a four-byte value.
              tos
              dsfield
              precedence
                     Type Of Service field, an eight-bit value.
              ihl    Change the IP Header Length field, a four-bit value.
              protocol
                     Next-layer Protocol field, an eight-bit value.
              nofrag
              firstfrag
              ce
              df
              mf     Change  IP  header  flags. Note that the value to pass to
                     the set command is not just a bit  value,  but  the  full
                     byte including the flags field.  Though only the relevant
                     bits of that value are respected, the rest ignored.
       ip BEYOND_IPHDR_FIELD
              Supported only for non-extended layered op. It is passed to  the
              kernel as offsets relative to the beginning of the IP header and
              assumes the IP header is of minimum size (20  bytes).  The  sup-
              ported keywords for BEYOND_IPHDR_FIELD are:
              dport
              sport  Destination  or  source  port  numbers,  a  16-bit value.
                     Indeed, IPv4  headers  don't  contain  this  information.
                     Instead, this will set an offset which suits at least TCP
                     and UDP if the IP header is of minimum size  (20  bytes).
                     If not, this will do unexpected things.
              icmp_type
              icmp_code
                     Again,  this  allows  to  change  data past the actual IP
                     header itself. It assumes an ICMP header is present imme-
                     diately  following  the (minimal sized) IP header.  If it
                     is not or the latter is bigger than  the  minimum  of  20
                     bytes,  this  will do unexpected things. These fields are
                     eight-bit values.
       ip EX_IPHDR_FIELD
              Supported only when ex  is  used.  The  supported  keywords  for
              EX_IPHDR_FIELD are:
              ttl
       ip6 IP6HDR_FIELD
              The supported keywords for IP6HDR_FIELD are:
              src
              dst
              flow_lbl
              payload_len
              nexthdr
              hoplimit
       tcp TCPHDR_FIELD
              The supported keywords for TCPHDR_FIELD are:
              sport
              dport  Source or destination TCP port number, a 16-bit value.
              flags
       udp UDPHDR_FIELD
              The supported keywords for UDPHDR_FIELD are:
              sport
              dport  Source or destination TCP port number, a 16-bit value.
       clear  Clear the addressed data (i.e., set it to zero).
       invert Swap every bit in the addressed data.
       set VAL
              Set  the  addressed data to a specific value. The size of VAL is
              defined by either one of the u32, u16 or u8 keywords in  RAW_OP,
              or the size of the addressed header field in LAYERED_OP.
       add VAL
              Add  the  addressed data by a specific value. The size of VAL is
              defined  by  the  size  of  the  addressed   header   field   in
              EXTENDED_LAYERED_OP.   This  operation  is  supported  only  for
              extended layered op.
       preserve
              Keep the addressed data as is.
       retain RVAL
              This optional extra part of CMD_SPEC allows to exclude bits from
              being changed. Supported only for 32 bits fields or smaller.
       CONTROL
              The  following  keywords allow to control how the tree of qdisc,
              classes, filters and actions is  further  traversed  after  this
              action.
              reclassify
                     Restart with the first filter in the current list.
              pipe   Continue  with  the next action attached to the same fil-
                     ter.
              drop
              shot   Drop the packet.
              continue
                     Continue classification with the next filter in line.
              pass   Finish classification process and return to calling qdisc
                     for further packet processing. This is the default.
EXAMPLES
       Being  able to edit packet data, one could do all kinds of things, such
       as e.g.  implementing port redirection. Certainly not the  most  useful
       application, but as an example it should do:
       First,  qdiscs  need to be set up to attach filters to. For the receive
       path, a simple ingress qdisc will do,  for  transmit  path  a  classful
       qdisc (HTB in this case) is necessary:
              tc qdisc replace dev eth0 root handle 1: htb
              tc qdisc add dev eth0 ingress handle ffff:
       Finally, a filter with pedit action can be added for each direction. In
       this case, u32 is used matching on the port number  to  redirect  from,
       while pedit then does the actual rewriting:
              tc filter add dev eth0 parent 1: u32 \
                   match ip dport 23 0xffff \
                   action pedit pedit munge ip dport set 22
              tc filter add dev eth0 parent ffff: u32 \
                   match ip sport 22 0xffff \
                   action pedit pedit munge ip sport set 23
              tc filter add dev eth0 parent ffff: u32 \
                   match ip sport 22 0xffff \
                   action pedit ex munge ip dst set 192.168.1.199
              tc filter add dev eth0 parent ffff: u32 \
                   match ip sport 22 0xffff \
                   action pedit ex munge ip6 dst set fe80::dacb:8aff:fec7:320e
              tc filter add dev eth0 parent ffff: u32 \
                   match ip sport 22 0xffff \
                   action pedit ex munge eth dst set 11:22:33:44:55:66
              tc filter add dev eth0 parent ffff: u32 \
                   match ip dport 23 0xffff \
                   action pedit ex munge tcp dport set 22
SEE ALSO
       tc(8), tc-htb(8), tc-u32(8)

iproute2                          12 Jan Generic packet editor action in tc(8)