Module::Build::Cookbook(3pm) - phpMan

Module::Build::CookbooUser Contributed Perl DocumentModule::Build::Cookbook(3)

NAME
       Module::Build::Cookbook - Examples of Module::Build Usage
DESCRIPTION
       "Module::Build" isn't conceptually very complicated, but examples are
       always helpful.  The following recipes should help developers and/or
       installers put together the pieces from the other parts of the
       documentation.
BASIC RECIPES
   Installing modules that use Module::Build
       In most cases, you can just issue the following commands:
         perl Build.PL
         ./Build
         ./Build test
         ./Build install
       There's nothing complicated here - first you're running a script called
       Build.PL, then you're running a (newly-generated) script called Build
       and passing it various arguments.
       The exact commands may vary a bit depending on how you invoke perl
       scripts on your system.  For instance, if you have multiple versions of
       perl installed, you can install to one particular perl's library
       directories like so:
         /usr/bin/perl5.8.1 Build.PL
         ./Build
         ./Build test
         ./Build install
       If you're on Windows where the current directory is always searched
       first for scripts, you'll probably do something like this:
         perl Build.PL
         Build
         Build test
         Build install
       On the old Mac OS (version 9 or lower) using MacPerl, you can double-
       click on the Build.PL script to create the Build script, then double-
       click on the Build script to run its "build", "test", and "install"
       actions.
       The Build script knows what perl was used to run Build.PL, so you don't
       need to re-invoke the Build script with the complete perl path each
       time.  If you invoke it with the wrong perl path, you'll get a warning
       or a fatal error.
   Modifying Config.pm values
       "Module::Build" relies heavily on various values from perl's
       "Config.pm" to do its work.  For example, default installation paths
       are given by "installsitelib" and "installvendorman3dir" and friends, C
       linker & compiler settings are given by "ld", "lddlflags", "cc",
       "ccflags", and so on.  If you're pretty sure you know what you're
       doing, you can tell "Module::Build" to pretend there are different
       values in Config.pm than what's really there, by passing arguments for
       the "--config" parameter on the command line:
         perl Build.PL --config cc=gcc --config ld=gcc
       Inside the "Build.PL" script the same thing can be accomplished by
       passing values for the "config" parameter to "new()":
        my $build = Module::Build->new
          (
           ...
           config => { cc => 'gcc', ld => 'gcc' },
           ...
          );
       In custom build code, the same thing can be accomplished by calling the
       "config" in Module::Build method:
        $build->config( cc => 'gcc' );     # Set
        $build->config( ld => 'gcc' );     # Set
        ...
        my $linker = $build->config('ld'); # Get
   Installing modules using the programmatic interface
       If you need to build, test, and/or install modules from within some
       other perl code (as opposed to having the user type installation
       commands at the shell), you can use the programmatic interface.  Create
       a Module::Build object (or an object of a custom Module::Build
       subclass) and then invoke its "dispatch()" method to run various
       actions.
         my $build = Module::Build->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            license     => 'perl',
            requires    => { 'Some::Module'   => '1.23' },
           );
         $build->dispatch('build');
         $build->dispatch('test', verbose => 1);
         $build->dispatch('install');
       The first argument to "dispatch()" is the name of the action, and any
       following arguments are named parameters.
       This is the interface we use to test Module::Build itself in the
       regression tests.
   Installing to a temporary directory
       To create packages for package managers like RedHat's "rpm" or Debian's
       "deb", you may need to install to a temporary directory first and then
       create the package from that temporary installation.  To do this,
       specify the "destdir" parameter to the "install" action:
         ./Build install --destdir /tmp/my-package-1.003
       This essentially just prepends all the installation paths with the
       /tmp/my-package-1.003 directory.
   Installing to a non-standard directory
       To install to a non-standard directory (for example, if you don't have
       permission to install in the system-wide directories), you can use the
       "install_base" or "prefix" parameters:
         ./Build install --install_base /foo/bar
       See "INSTALL PATHS" in Module::Build for a much more complete
       discussion of how installation paths are determined.
   Installing in the same location as ExtUtils::MakeMaker
       With the introduction of "--prefix" in Module::Build 0.28 and
       "INSTALL_BASE" in "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" 6.31 its easy to get them both
       to install to the same locations.
       First, ensure you have at least version 0.28 of Module::Build installed
       and 6.31 of "ExtUtils::MakeMaker".  Prior versions have differing (and
       in some cases quite strange) installation behaviors.
       The following installation flags are equivalent between
       "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" and "Module::Build".
           MakeMaker             Module::Build
           PREFIX=...            --prefix ...
           INSTALL_BASE=...      --install_base ...
           DESTDIR=...           --destdir ...
           LIB=...               --install_path lib=...
           INSTALLDIRS=...       --installdirs ...
           INSTALLDIRS=perl      --installdirs core
           UNINST=...            --uninst ...
           INC=...               --extra_compiler_flags ...
           POLLUTE=1             --extra_compiler_flags -DPERL_POLLUTE
       For example, if you are currently installing "MakeMaker" modules with
       this command:
           perl Makefile.PL PREFIX=~
           make test
           make install UNINST=1
       You can install into the same location with Module::Build using this:
           perl Build.PL --prefix ~
           ./Build test
           ./Build install --uninst 1
       "prefix" vs "install_base"
       The behavior of "prefix" is complicated and depends on how your Perl is
       configured.  The resulting installation locations will vary from
       machine to machine and even different installations of Perl on the same
       machine.  Because of this, it's difficult to document where "prefix"
       will place your modules.
       In contrast, "install_base" has predictable, easy to explain
       installation locations.  Now that "Module::Build" and "MakeMaker" both
       have "install_base" there is little reason to use "prefix" other than
       to preserve your existing installation locations.  If you are starting
       a fresh Perl installation we encourage you to use "install_base".  If
       you have an existing installation installed via "prefix", consider
       moving it to an installation structure matching "install_base" and
       using that instead.
   Running a single test file
       "Module::Build" supports running a single test, which enables you to
       track down errors more quickly.  Use the following format:
         ./Build test --test_files t/mytest.t
       In addition, you may want to run the test in verbose mode to get more
       informative output:
         ./Build test --test_files t/mytest.t --verbose 1
       I run this so frequently that I define the following shell alias:
         alias t './Build test --verbose 1 --test_files'
       So then I can just execute "t t/mytest.t" to run a single test.
ADVANCED RECIPES
   Making a CPAN.pm-compatible distribution
       New versions of CPAN.pm understand how to use a Build.PL script, but
       old versions don't.  If authors want to help users who have old
       versions, some form of Makefile.PL should be supplied.  The easiest way
       to accomplish this is to use the "create_makefile_pl" parameter to
       "Module::Build->new()" in the "Build.PL" script, which can create
       various flavors of Makefile.PL during the "dist" action.
       As a best practice, we recommend using the "traditional" style of
       Makefile.PL unless your distribution has needs that can't be
       accomplished that way.
       The "Module::Build::Compat" module, which is part of "Module::Build"'s
       distribution, is responsible for creating these Makefile.PLs.  Please
       see Module::Build::Compat for the details.
   Changing the order of the build process
       The "build_elements" property specifies the steps "Module::Build" will
       take when building a distribution.  To change the build order, change
       the order of the entries in that property:
         # Process pod files first
         my @e = @{$build->build_elements};
         my ($i) = grep {$e[$_] eq 'pod'} 0..$#e;
         unshift @e, splice @e, $i, 1;
       Currently, "build_elements" has the following default value:
         [qw( PL support pm xs pod script )]
       Do take care when altering this property, since there may be non-
       obvious (and non-documented!) ordering dependencies in the
       "Module::Build" code.
   Adding new file types to the build process
       Sometimes you might have extra types of files that you want to install
       alongside the standard types like .pm and .pod files.  For instance,
       you might have a Bar.dat file containing some data related to the
       "Foo::Bar" module and you'd like for it to end up as Foo/Bar.dat
       somewhere in perl's @INC path so "Foo::Bar" can access it easily at
       runtime.  The following code from a sample "Build.PL" file demonstrates
       how to accomplish this:
         use Module::Build;
         my $build = Module::Build->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            ...other stuff here...
           );
         $build->add_build_element('dat');
         $build->create_build_script;
       This will find all .dat files in the lib/ directory, copy them to the
       blib/lib/ directory during the "build" action, and install them during
       the "install" action.
       If your extra files aren't located in the "lib/" directory in your
       distribution, you can explicitly say where they are, just as you'd do
       with .pm or .pod files:
         use Module::Build;
         my $build = new Module::Build
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            dat_files => {'some/dir/Bar.dat' => 'lib/Foo/Bar.dat'},
            ...other stuff here...
           );
         $build->add_build_element('dat');
         $build->create_build_script;
       If your extra files actually need to be created on the user's machine,
       or if they need some other kind of special processing, you'll probably
       want to subclass "Module::Build" and create a special method to process
       them, named "process_${kind}_files()":
         use Module::Build;
         my $class = Module::Build->subclass(code => <<'EOF');
           sub process_dat_files {
             my $self = shift;
             ... locate and process *.dat files,
             ... and create something in blib/lib/
           }
         EOF
         my $build = $class->new
           (
            module_name => 'Foo::Bar',
            ...other stuff here...
           );
         $build->add_build_element('dat');
         $build->create_build_script;
       If your extra files don't go in lib/ but in some other place, see
       "Adding new elements to the install process" for how to actually get
       them installed.
       Please note that these examples use some capabilities of Module::Build
       that first appeared in version 0.26.  Before that it could still be
       done, but the simple cases took a bit more work.
   Adding new elements to the install process
       By default, Module::Build creates seven subdirectories of the blib
       directory during the build process: lib, arch, bin, script, bindoc,
       libdoc, and html (some of these may be missing or empty if there's
       nothing to go in them).  Anything copied to these directories during
       the build will eventually be installed during the "install" action (see
       "INSTALL PATHS" in Module::Build.
       If you need to create a new custom type of installable element, e.g.
       "conf", then you need to tell Module::Build where things in blib/conf/
       should be installed.  To do this, use the "install_path" parameter to
       the "new()" method:
         my $build = Module::Build->new
           (
            ...other stuff here...
            install_path => { conf => $installation_path }
           );
       Or you can call the "install_path()" method later:
         $build->install_path(conf => $installation_path);
       The user may also specify the path on the command line:
         perl Build.PL --install_path conf=/foo/path/etc
       The important part, though, is that somehow the install path needs to
       be set, or else nothing in the blib/conf/ directory will get installed,
       and a runtime error during the "install" action will result.
       See also "Adding new file types to the build process" for how to create
       the stuff in blib/conf/ in the first place.
EXAMPLES ON CPAN
       Several distributions on CPAN are making good use of various features
       of Module::Build.  They can serve as real-world examples for others.
   SVN-Notify-Mirror
       <http://search.cpan.org/~jpeacock/SVN-Notify-Mirror/>;
       John Peacock, author of the "SVN-Notify-Mirror" distribution, says:
       1. Using "auto_features", I check to see whether two optional modules
       are available - SVN::Notify::Config and Net::SSH;
       2. If the S::N::Config module is loaded, I automatically generate test
       files for it during Build (using the "PL_files" property).
       3. If the "ssh_feature" is available, I ask if the user wishes to
       perform the ssh tests (since it requires a little preliminary setup);
       4. Only if the user has "ssh_feature" and answers yes to the testing,
       do I generate a test file.
           I'm sure I could not have handled this complexity with EU::MM, but
           it was very easy to do with M::B.
   Modifying an action
       Sometimes you might need an to have an action, say "./Build install",
       do something unusual.  For instance, you might need to change the
       ownership of a file or do something else peculiar to your application.
       You can subclass "Module::Build" on the fly using the "subclass()"
       method and override the methods that perform the actions.  You may need
       to read through "Module::Build::Authoring" and "Module::Build::API" to
       find the methods you want to override.  All "action" methods are
       implemented by a method called "ACTION_" followed by the action's name,
       so here's an example of how it would work for the "install" action:
         # Build.PL
         use Module::Build;
         my $class = Module::Build->subclass(
             class => "Module::Build::Custom",
             code => <<'SUBCLASS' );
         sub ACTION_install {
             my $self = shift;
             # YOUR CODE HERE
             $self->SUPER::ACTION_install;
         }
         SUBCLASS
         $class->new(
             module_name => 'Your::Module',
             # rest of the usual Module::Build parameters
         )->create_build_script;
   Adding an action
       You can add a new "./Build" action simply by writing the method for it
       in your subclass.  Use "depends_on" to declare that another action must
       have been run before your action.
       For example, let's say you wanted to be able to write "./Build commit"
       to test your code and commit it to Subversion.
         # Build.PL
         use Module::Build;
         my $class = Module::Build->subclass(
             class => "Module::Build::Custom",
             code => <<'SUBCLASS' );
         sub ACTION_commit {
             my $self = shift;
             $self->depends_on("test");
             $self->do_system(qw(svn commit));
         }
         SUBCLASS
   Bundling Module::Build
       Note: This section probably needs an update as the technology improves
       (see contrib/bundle.pl in the distribution).
       Suppose you want to use some new-ish features of Module::Build, e.g.
       newer than the version of Module::Build your users are likely to
       already have installed on their systems.  The first thing you should do
       is set "configure_requires" to your minimum version of Module::Build.
       See Module::Build::Authoring.
       But not every build system honors "configure_requires" yet.  Here's how
       you can ship a copy of Module::Build, but still use a newer installed
       version to take advantage of any bug fixes and upgrades.
       First, install Module::Build into Your-Project/inc/Module-Build.  CPAN
       will not index anything in the inc directory so this copy will not show
       up in CPAN searches.
           cd Module-Build
           perl Build.PL --install_base /path/to/Your-Project/inc/Module-Build
           ./Build test
           ./Build install
       You should now have all the Module::Build .pm files in
       Your-Project/inc/Module-Build/lib/perl5.
       Next, add this to the top of your Build.PL.
           my $Bundled_MB = 0.30;  # or whatever version it was.
           # Find out what version of Module::Build is installed or fail quietly.
           # This should be cross-platform.
           my $Installed_MB =
               `$^X -e "eval q{require Module::Build; print Module::Build->VERSION} or exit 1";
           # some operating systems put a newline at the end of every print.
           chomp $Installed_MB;
           $Installed_MB = 0 if $?;
           # Use our bundled copy of Module::Build if it's newer than the installed.
           unshift @INC, "inc/Module-Build/lib/perl5" if $Bundled_MB > $Installed_MB;
           require Module::Build;
       And write the rest of your Build.PL normally.  Module::Build will
       remember your change to @INC and use it when you run ./Build.
       In the future, we hope to provide a more automated solution for this
       scenario; see "inc/latest.pm" in the Module::Build distribution for one
       indication of the direction we're moving.
AUTHOR
       Ken Williams <kwilliams AT cpan.org>
COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (c) 2001-2008 Ken Williams.  All rights reserved.
       This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
       under the same terms as Perl itself.
SEE ALSO
       perl(1), Module::Build(3), Module::Build::Authoring(3),
       Module::Build::API(3)

perl v5.16.3                      2014-06-10        Module::Build::Cookbook(3)