HTTP::Tiny(3pm) - phpMan

HTTP::Tiny(3)         User Contributed Perl Documentation        HTTP::Tiny(3)

NAME
       HTTP::Tiny - A small, simple, correct HTTP/1.1 client
VERSION
       version 0.033
SYNOPSIS
           use HTTP::Tiny;
           my $response = HTTP::Tiny->new->get('http://example.com/');
           die "Failed!\n" unless $response->{success};
           print "$response->{status} $response->{reason}\n";
           while (my ($k, $v) = each %{$response->{headers}}) {
               for (ref $v eq 'ARRAY' ? @$v : $v) {
                   print "$k: $_\n";
               }
           }
           print $response->{content} if length $response->{content};
DESCRIPTION
       This is a very simple HTTP/1.1 client, designed for doing simple GET
       requests without the overhead of a large framework like LWP::UserAgent.
       It is more correct and more complete than HTTP::Lite.  It supports
       proxies (currently only non-authenticating ones) and redirection.  It
       also correctly resumes after EINTR.
METHODS
   new
           $http = HTTP::Tiny->new( %attributes );
       This constructor returns a new HTTP::Tiny object.  Valid attributes
       include:
       o   "agent"
           A user-agent string (defaults to 'HTTP-Tiny/$VERSION'). If "agent"
           ends in a space character, the default user-agent string is
           appended.
       o   "cookie_jar"
           An instance of HTTP::CookieJar or equivalent class that supports
           the "add" and "cookie_header" methods
       o   "default_headers"
           A hashref of default headers to apply to requests
       o   "local_address"
           The local IP address to bind to
       o   "max_redirect"
           Maximum number of redirects allowed (defaults to 5)
       o   "max_size"
           Maximum response size (only when not using a data callback).  If
           defined, responses larger than this will return an exception.
       o   "proxy"
           URL of a proxy server to use (default is $ENV{http_proxy} if set)
       o   "no_proxy"
           List of domain suffixes that should not be proxied.  Must be a
           comma-separated string or an array reference. (default is
           $ENV{no_proxy})
       o   "timeout"
           Request timeout in seconds (default is 60)
       o   "verify_SSL"
           A boolean that indicates whether to validate the SSL certificate of
           an "https" connection (default is false)
       o   "SSL_options"
           A hashref of "SSL_*" options to pass through to IO::Socket::SSL
       Exceptions from "max_size", "timeout" or other errors will result in a
       pseudo-HTTP status code of 599 and a reason of "Internal Exception".
       The content field in the response will contain the text of the
       exception.
       See "SSL SUPPORT" for more on the "verify_SSL" and "SSL_options"
       attributes.
   get|head|put|post|delete
           $response = $http->get($url);
           $response = $http->get($url, \%options);
           $response = $http->head($url);
       These methods are shorthand for calling "request()" for the given
       method.  The URL must have unsafe characters escaped and international
       domain names encoded.  See "request()" for valid options and a
       description of the response.
       The "success" field of the response will be true if the status code is
       2XX.
   post_form
           $response = $http->post_form($url, $form_data);
           $response = $http->post_form($url, $form_data, \%options);
       This method executes a "POST" request and sends the key/value pairs
       from a form data hash or array reference to the given URL with a
       "content-type" of "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".  See
       documentation for the "www_form_urlencode" method for details on the
       encoding.
       The URL must have unsafe characters escaped and international domain
       names encoded.  See "request()" for valid options and a description of
       the response.  Any "content-type" header or content in the options
       hashref will be ignored.
       The "success" field of the response will be true if the status code is
       2XX.
   mirror
           $response = $http->mirror($url, $file, \%options)
           if ( $response->{success} ) {
               print "$file is up to date\n";
           }
       Executes a "GET" request for the URL and saves the response body to the
       file name provided.  The URL must have unsafe characters escaped and
       international domain names encoded.  If the file already exists, the
       request will include an "If-Modified-Since" header with the
       modification timestamp of the file.  You may specify a different
       "If-Modified-Since" header yourself in the "$options->{headers}" hash.
       The "success" field of the response will be true if the status code is
       2XX or if the status code is 304 (unmodified).
       If the file was modified and the server response includes a properly
       formatted "Last-Modified" header, the file modification time will be
       updated accordingly.
   request
           $response = $http->request($method, $url);
           $response = $http->request($method, $url, \%options);
       Executes an HTTP request of the given method type ('GET', 'HEAD',
       'POST', 'PUT', etc.) on the given URL.  The URL must have unsafe
       characters escaped and international domain names encoded.  A hashref
       of options may be appended to modify the request.
       Valid options are:
       o   "headers"
           A hashref containing headers to include with the request.  If the
           value for a header is an array reference, the header will be output
           multiple times with each value in the array.  These headers over-
           write any default headers.
       o   "content"
           A scalar to include as the body of the request OR a code reference
           that will be called iteratively to produce the body of the request
       o   "trailer_callback"
           A code reference that will be called if it exists to provide a
           hashref of trailing headers (only used with chunked transfer-
           encoding)
       o   "data_callback"
           A code reference that will be called for each chunks of the
           response body received.
       If the "content" option is a code reference, it will be called
       iteratively to provide the content body of the request.  It should
       return the empty string or undef when the iterator is exhausted.
       If the "content" option is the empty string, no "content-type" or
       "content-length" headers will be generated.
       If the "data_callback" option is provided, it will be called
       iteratively until the entire response body is received.  The first
       argument will be a string containing a chunk of the response body, the
       second argument will be the in-progress response hash reference, as
       described below.  (This allows customizing the action of the callback
       based on the "status" or "headers" received prior to the content body.)
       The "request" method returns a hashref containing the response.  The
       hashref will have the following keys:
       o   "success"
           Boolean indicating whether the operation returned a 2XX status code
       o   "url"
           URL that provided the response. This is the URL of the request
           unless there were redirections, in which case it is the last URL
           queried in a redirection chain
       o   "status"
           The HTTP status code of the response
       o   "reason"
           The response phrase returned by the server
       o   "content"
           The body of the response.  If the response does not have any
           content or if a data callback is provided to consume the response
           body, this will be the empty string
       o   "headers"
           A hashref of header fields.  All header field names will be
           normalized to be lower case. If a header is repeated, the value
           will be an arrayref; it will otherwise be a scalar string
           containing the value
       On an exception during the execution of the request, the "status" field
       will contain 599, and the "content" field will contain the text of the
       exception.
   www_form_urlencode
           $params = $http->www_form_urlencode( $data );
           $response = $http->get("http://example.com/query?$params");
       This method converts the key/value pairs from a data hash or array
       reference into a "x-www-form-urlencoded" string.  The keys and values
       from the data reference will be UTF-8 encoded and escaped per RFC 3986.
       If a value is an array reference, the key will be repeated with each of
       the values of the array reference.  The key/value pairs in the
       resulting string will be sorted by key and value.
SSL SUPPORT
       Direct "https" connections are supported only if IO::Socket::SSL 1.56
       or greater and Net::SSLeay 1.49 or greater are installed. An exception
       will be thrown if a new enough versions of these modules not installed
       or if the SSL encryption fails. There is no support for "https"
       connections via proxy (i.e.  RFC 2817).
       SSL provides two distinct capabilities:
       o   Encrypted communication channel
       o   Verification of server identity
       By default, HTTP::Tiny does not verify server identity.
       Server identity verification is controversial and potentially tricky
       because it depends on a (usually paid) third-party Certificate
       Authority (CA) trust model to validate a certificate as legitimate.
       This discriminates against servers with self-signed certificates or
       certificates signed by free, community-driven CA's such as CAcert.org
       <http://cacert.org>;.
       By default, HTTP::Tiny does not make any assumptions about your trust
       model, threat level or risk tolerance.  It just aims to give you an
       encrypted channel when you need one.
       Setting the "verify_SSL" attribute to a true value will make HTTP::Tiny
       verify that an SSL connection has a valid SSL certificate corresponding
       to the host name of the connection and that the SSL certificate has
       been verified by a CA.  Assuming you trust the CA, this will protect
       against a man-in-the-middle attack <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-
       in-the-middle_attack>.  If you are concerned about security, you should
       enable this option.
       Certificate verification requires a file containing trusted CA
       certificates.  If the Mozilla::CA module is installed, HTTP::Tiny will
       use the CA file included with it as a source of trusted CA's.  (This
       means you trust Mozilla, the author of Mozilla::CA, the CPAN mirror
       where you got Mozilla::CA, the toolchain used to install it, and your
       operating system security, right?)
       If that module is not available, then HTTP::Tiny will search several
       system-specific default locations for a CA certificate file:
       o   /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
       o   /etc/pki/tls/certs/ca-bundle.crt
       o   /etc/ssl/ca-bundle.pem
       An exception will be raised if "verify_SSL" is true and no CA
       certificate file is available.
       If you desire complete control over SSL connections, the "SSL_options"
       attribute lets you provide a hash reference that will be passed through
       to "IO::Socket::SSL::start_SSL()", overriding any options set by
       HTTP::Tiny. For example, to provide your own trusted CA file:
           SSL_options => {
               SSL_ca_file => $file_path,
           }
       The "SSL_options" attribute could also be used for such things as
       providing a client certificate for authentication to a server or
       controlling the choice of cipher used for the SSL connection. See
       IO::Socket::SSL documentation for details.
LIMITATIONS
       HTTP::Tiny is conditionally compliant with the HTTP/1.1 specification
       <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html>;.  It attempts to
       meet all "MUST" requirements of the specification, but does not
       implement all "SHOULD" requirements.
       Some particular limitations of note include:
       o   HTTP::Tiny focuses on correct transport.  Users are responsible for
           ensuring that user-defined headers and content are compliant with
           the HTTP/1.1 specification.
       o   Users must ensure that URLs are properly escaped for unsafe
           characters and that international domain names are properly encoded
           to ASCII. See URI::Escape, URI::_punycode and Net::IDN::Encode.
       o   Redirection is very strict against the specification.  Redirection
           is only automatic for response codes 301, 302 and 307 if the
           request method is 'GET' or 'HEAD'.  Response code 303 is always
           converted into a 'GET' redirection, as mandated by the
           specification.  There is no automatic support for status 305 ("Use
           proxy") redirections.
       o   Persistent connections are not supported.  The "Connection" header
           will always be set to "close".
       o   Cookie support requires HTTP::CookieJar or an equivalent class.
       o   Only the "http_proxy" environment variable is supported in the
           format "http://HOST:PORT/".  If a "proxy" argument is passed to
           "new" (including undef), then the "http_proxy" environment variable
           is ignored.
       o   "no_proxy" environment variable is supported in the format comma-
           separated list of domain extensions proxy should not be used for.
           If a "no_proxy" argument is passed to "new", then the "no_proxy"
           environment variable is ignored.
       o   There is no provision for delaying a request body using an "Expect"
           header.  Unexpected "1XX" responses are silently ignored as per the
           specification.
       o   Only 'chunked' "Transfer-Encoding" is supported.
       o   There is no support for a Request-URI of '*' for the 'OPTIONS'
           request.
       o   There is no support for IPv6 of any kind.
SEE ALSO
       o   HTTP::Thin - HTTP::Tiny wrapper with HTTP::Request/HTTP::Response
           compatibility
       o   HTTP::Tiny::Mech - Wrap WWW::Mechanize instance in HTTP::Tiny
           compatible interface
       o   IO::Socket::SSL - Required for SSL support
       o   LWP::UserAgent - If HTTP::Tiny isn't enough for you, this is the
           "standard" way to do things
       o   Mozilla::CA - Required if you want to validate SSL certificates
       o   Net::SSLeay - Required for SSL support
SUPPORT
   Bugs / Feature Requests
       Please report any bugs or feature requests through the issue tracker at
       <https://github.com/chansen/p5-http-tiny/issues>;.  You will be notified
       automatically of any progress on your issue.
   Source Code
       This is open source software.  The code repository is available for
       public review and contribution under the terms of the license.
       <https://github.com/chansen/p5-http-tiny>;
         git clone git://github.com/chansen/p5-http-tiny.git
AUTHORS
       o   Christian Hansen <chansen AT cpan.org>
       o   David Golden <dagolden AT cpan.org>
CONTRIBUTORS
       o   Alan Gardner <gardner AT pythian.com>
       o   Alessandro Ghedini <al3xbio AT gmail.com>
       o   Brad Gilbert <bgills AT cpan.org>
       o   Chris Nehren <apeiron AT cpan.org>
       o   Chris Weyl <cweyl AT alumni.edu>
       o   Claes Jakobsson <claes AT surfar.nu>
       o   Craig Berry <cberry AT cpan.org>
       o   David Mitchell <davem AT iabyn.com>
       o   Edward Zborowski <ed AT rubensteintech.com>
       o   Jess Robinson <castaway AT desert-island.uk>
       o   Lukas Eklund <leklund AT gmail.com>
       o   Martin-Louis Bright <mlbright AT gmail.com>
       o   Mike Doherty <doherty AT cpan.org>
       o   Serguei Trouchelle <stro AT cpan.org>
       o   Syohei YOSHIDA <syohex AT gmail.com>
       o   Tony Cook <tony AT develop-help.com>
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Christian Hansen.
       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
       the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

perl v5.16.3                      2014-06-09                     HTTP::Tiny(3)