RNDC(8) BIND9 RNDC(8)
NAME
rndc - name server control utility
SYNOPSIS
rndc [-b source-address] [-c config-file] [-k key-file] [-s server]
[-p port] [-q] [-r] [-V] [-y key_id] {command}
DESCRIPTION
rndc controls the operation of a name server. It supersedes the ndc
utility that was provided in old BIND releases. If rndc is invoked with
no command line options or arguments, it prints a short summary of the
supported commands and the available options and their arguments.
rndc communicates with the name server over a TCP connection, sending
commands authenticated with digital signatures. In the current versions
of rndc and named, the only supported authentication algorithms are
HMAC-MD5 (for compatibility), HMAC-SHA1, HMAC-SHA224, HMAC-SHA256
(default), HMAC-SHA384 and HMAC-SHA512. They use a shared secret on
each end of the connection. This provides TSIG-style authentication for
the command request and the name server's response. All commands sent
over the channel must be signed by a key_id known to the server.
rndc reads a configuration file to determine how to contact the name
server and decide what algorithm and key it should use.
OPTIONS
-b source-address
Use source-address as the source address for the connection to the
server. Multiple instances are permitted to allow setting of both
the IPv4 and IPv6 source addresses.
-c config-file
Use config-file as the configuration file instead of the default,
/etc/rndc.conf.
-k key-file
Use key-file as the key file instead of the default, /etc/rndc.key.
The key in /etc/rndc.key will be used to authenticate commands sent
to the server if the config-file does not exist.
-s server
server is the name or address of the server which matches a server
statement in the configuration file for rndc. If no server is
supplied on the command line, the host named by the default-server
clause in the options statement of the rndc configuration file will
be used.
-p port
Send commands to TCP port port instead of BIND 9's default control
channel port, 953.
-q
Quiet mode: Message text returned by the server will not be printed
except when there is an error.
-r
Instructs rndc to print the result code returned by named after
executing the requested command (e.g., ISC_R_SUCCESS,
ISC_R_FAILURE, etc).
-V
Enable verbose logging.
-y key_id
Use the key key_id from the configuration file. key_id must be
known by named with the same algorithm and secret string in order
for control message validation to succeed. If no key_id is
specified, rndc will first look for a key clause in the server
statement of the server being used, or if no server statement is
present for that host, then the default-key clause of the options
statement. Note that the configuration file contains shared secrets
which are used to send authenticated control commands to name
servers. It should therefore not have general read or write access.
COMMANDS
A list of commands supported by rndc can be seen by running rndc
without arguments.
Currently supported commands are:
addzone zone [class [view]] configuration
Add a zone while the server is running. This command requires the
allow-new-zones option to be set to yes. The configuration string
specified on the command line is the zone configuration text that
would ordinarily be placed in named.conf.
The configuration is saved in a file called name.nzf, where name is
the name of the view, or if it contains characters that are
incompatible with use as a file name, a cryptographic hash
generated from the name of the view. When named is restarted, the
file will be loaded into the view configuration, so that zones that
were added can persist after a restart.
This sample addzone command would add the zone example.com to the
default view:
$rndc addzone example.com '{ type master; file "example.com.db";
};'
(Note the brackets and semi-colon around the zone configuration
text.)
See also rndc delzone and rndc modzone.
delzone [-clean] zone [class [view]]
Delete a zone while the server is running.
If the -clean argument is specified, the zone's master file (and
journal file, if any) will be deleted along with the zone. Without
the -clean option, zone files must be cleaned up by hand. (If the
zone is of type "slave" or "stub", the files needing to be cleaned
up will be reported in the output of the rndc delzone command.)
If the zone was originally added via rndc addzone, then it will be
removed permanently. However, if it was originally configured in
named.conf, then that original configuration is still in place;
when the server is restarted or reconfigured, the zone will come
back. To remove it permanently, it must also be removed from
named.conf
See also rndc addzone and rndc modzone.
dnstap ( -reopen | -roll [number] )
Close and re-open DNSTAP output files. rndc dnstap -reopen allows
the output file to be renamed externally, so that named can
truncate and re-open it. rndc dnstap -roll causes the output file
to be rolled automatically, similar to log files; the most recent
output file has ".0" appended to its name; the previous most recent
output file is moved to ".1", and so on. If number is specified,
then the number of backup log files is limited to that number.
dumpdb [-all|-cache|-zones|-adb|-bad|-fail] [view ...]
Dump the server's caches (default) and/or zones to the dump file
for the specified views. If no view is specified, all views are
dumped. (See the dump-file option in the BIND 9 Administrator
Reference Manual.)
flush
Flushes the server's cache.
flushname name [view]
Flushes the given name from the view's DNS cache and, if
applicable, from the view's nameserver address database, bad server
cache and SERVFAIL cache.
flushtree name [view]
Flushes the given name, and all of its subdomains, from the view's
DNS cache, address database, bad server cache, and SERVFAIL cache.
freeze [zone [class [view]]]
Suspend updates to a dynamic zone. If no zone is specified, then
all zones are suspended. This allows manual edits to be made to a
zone normally updated by dynamic update. It also causes changes in
the journal file to be synced into the master file. All dynamic
update attempts will be refused while the zone is frozen.
See also rndc thaw.
halt [-p]
Stop the server immediately. Recent changes made through dynamic
update or IXFR are not saved to the master files, but will be
rolled forward from the journal files when the server is restarted.
If -p is specified named's process id is returned. This allows an
external process to determine when named had completed halting.
See also rndc stop.
loadkeys zone [class [view]]
Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone from the key directory. If
they are within their publication period, merge them into the
zone's DNSKEY RRset. Unlike rndc sign, however, the zone is not
immediately re-signed by the new keys, but is allowed to
incrementally re-sign over time.
This command requires that the auto-dnssec zone option be set to
maintain, and also requires the zone to be configured to allow
dynamic DNS. (See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the Administrator
Reference Manual for more details.)
managed-keys (status | refresh | sync) [class [view]]
When run with the "status" keyword, print the current status of the
managed-keys database for the specified view, or for all views if
none is specified. When run with the "refresh" keyword, force an
immediate refresh of all the managed-keys in the specified view, or
all views. When run with the "sync" keyword, force an immediate
dump of the managed-keys database to disk (in the file
managed-keys.bind or (viewname.mkeys).
modzone zone [class [view]] configuration
Modify the configuration of a zone while the server is running.
This command requires the allow-new-zones option to be set to yes.
As with addzone, the configuration string specified on the command
line is the zone configuration text that would ordinarily be placed
in named.conf.
If the zone was originally added via rndc addzone, the
configuration changes will be recorded permanently and will still
be in effect after the server is restarted or reconfigured.
However, if it was originally configured in named.conf, then that
original configuration is still in place; when the server is
restarted or reconfigured, the zone will revert to its original
configuration. To make the changes permanent, it must also be
modified in named.conf
See also rndc addzone and rndc delzone.
notify zone [class [view]]
Resend NOTIFY messages for the zone.
notrace
Sets the server's debugging level to 0.
See also rndc trace.
nta [( -class class | -dump | -force | -remove | -lifetime duration)]
domain [view]
Sets a DNSSEC negative trust anchor (NTA) for domain, with a
lifetime of duration. The default lifetime is configured in
named.conf via the nta-lifetime option, and defaults to one hour.
The lifetime cannot exceed one week.
A negative trust anchor selectively disables DNSSEC validation for
zones that are known to be failing because of misconfiguration
rather than an attack. When data to be validated is at or below an
active NTA (and above any other configured trust anchors), named
will abort the DNSSEC validation process and treat the data as
insecure rather than bogus. This continues until the NTA's lifetime
is elapsed.
NTAs persist across restarts of the named server. The NTAs for a
view are saved in a file called name.nta, where name is the name of
the view, or if it contains characters that are incompatible with
use as a file name, a cryptographic hash generated from the name of
the view.
An existing NTA can be removed by using the -remove option.
An NTA's lifetime can be specified with the -lifetime option.
TTL-style suffixes can be used to specify the lifetime in seconds,
minutes, or hours. If the specified NTA already exists, its
lifetime will be updated to the new value. Setting lifetime to zero
is equivalent to -remove.
If the -dump is used, any other arguments are ignored, and a list
of existing NTAs is printed (note that this may include NTAs that
are expired but have not yet been cleaned up).
Normally, named will periodically test to see whether data below an
NTA can now be validated (see the nta-recheck option in the
Administrator Reference Manual for details). If data can be
validated, then the NTA is regarded as no longer necessary, and
will be allowed to expire early. The -force overrides this behavior
and forces an NTA to persist for its entire lifetime, regardless of
whether data could be validated if the NTA were not present.
The view class can be specified with -class. The default is class
IN, which is the only class for which DNSSEC is currently
supported.
All of these options can be shortened, i.e., to -l, -r, -d, -f, and
-c.
querylog [ on | off ]
Enable or disable query logging. (For backward compatibility, this
command can also be used without an argument to toggle query
logging on and off.)
Query logging can also be enabled by explicitly directing the
queries category to a channel in the logging section of named.conf
or by specifying querylog yes; in the options section of
named.conf.
reconfig
Reload the configuration file and load new zones, but do not reload
existing zone files even if they have changed. This is faster than
a full reload when there is a large number of zones because it
avoids the need to examine the modification times of the zones
files.
recursing
Dump the list of queries named is currently recursing on, and the
list of domains to which iterative queries are currently being
sent. (The second list includes the number of fetches currently
active for the given domain, and how many have been passed or
dropped because of the fetches-per-zone option.)
refresh zone [class [view]]
Schedule zone maintenance for the given zone.
reload
Reload configuration file and zones.
reload zone [class [view]]
Reload the given zone.
retransfer zone [class [view]]
Retransfer the given slave zone from the master server.
If the zone is configured to use inline-signing, the signed version
of the zone is discarded; after the retransfer of the unsigned
version is complete, the signed version will be regenerated with
all new signatures.
scan
Scan the list of available network interfaces for changes, without
performing a full reconfig or waiting for the interface-interval
timer.
secroots [-] [view ...]
Dump the server's security roots and negative trust anchors for the
specified views. If no view is specified, all views are dumped.
If the first argument is "-", then the output is returned via the
rndc response channel and printed to the standard output.
Otherwise, it is written to the secroots dump file, which defaults
to named.secroots, but can be overridden via the secroots-file
option in named.conf.
See also rndc managed-keys.
showzone zone [class [view]]
Print the configuration of a running zone.
See also rndc zonestatus.
sign zone [class [view]]
Fetch all DNSSEC keys for the given zone from the key directory
(see the key-directory option in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference
Manual). If they are within their publication period, merge them
into the zone's DNSKEY RRset. If the DNSKEY RRset is changed, then
the zone is automatically re-signed with the new key set.
This command requires that the auto-dnssec zone option be set to
allow or maintain, and also requires the zone to be configured to
allow dynamic DNS. (See "Dynamic Update Policies" in the
Administrator Reference Manual for more details.)
See also rndc loadkeys.
signing [( -list | -clear keyid/algorithm | -clear all | -nsec3param (
parameters | none ) | -serial value ) ] zone [class [view]]
List, edit, or remove the DNSSEC signing state records for the
specified zone. The status of ongoing DNSSEC operations (such as
signing or generating NSEC3 chains) is stored in the zone in the
form of DNS resource records of type sig-signing-type. rndc
signing -list converts these records into a human-readable form,
indicating which keys are currently signing or have finished
signing the zone, and which NSEC3 chains are being created or
removed.
rndc signing -clear can remove a single key (specified in the same
format that rndc signing -list uses to display it), or all keys. In
either case, only completed keys are removed; any record indicating
that a key has not yet finished signing the zone will be retained.
rndc signing -nsec3param sets the NSEC3 parameters for a zone. This
is the only supported mechanism for using NSEC3 with inline-signing
zones. Parameters are specified in the same format as an NSEC3PARAM
resource record: hash algorithm, flags, iterations, and salt, in
that order.
Currently, the only defined value for hash algorithm is 1,
representing SHA-1. The flags may be set to 0 or 1, depending on
whether you wish to set the opt-out bit in the NSEC3 chain.
iterations defines the number of additional times to apply the
algorithm when generating an NSEC3 hash. The salt is a string of
data expressed in hexadecimal, a hyphen (`-') if no salt is to be
used, or the keyword auto, which causes named to generate a random
64-bit salt.
So, for example, to create an NSEC3 chain using the SHA-1 hash
algorithm, no opt-out flag, 10 iterations, and a salt value of
"FFFF", use: rndc signing -nsec3param 1 0 10 FFFF zone. To set the
opt-out flag, 15 iterations, and no salt, use: rndc signing
-nsec3param 1 1 15 - zone.
rndc signing -nsec3param none removes an existing NSEC3 chain and
replaces it with NSEC.
rndc signing -serial value sets the serial number of the zone to
value. If the value would cause the serial number to go backwards
it will be rejected. The primary use is to set the serial on inline
signed zones.
stats
Write server statistics to the statistics file. (See the
statistics-file option in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference
Manual.)
status
Display status of the server. Note that the number of zones
includes the internal bind/CH zone and the default ./IN hint zone
if there is not an explicit root zone configured.
stop [-p]
Stop the server, making sure any recent changes made through
dynamic update or IXFR are first saved to the master files of the
updated zones. If -p is specified named's process id is returned.
This allows an external process to determine when named had
completed stopping.
See also rndc halt.
sync [-clean] [zone [class [view]]]
Sync changes in the journal file for a dynamic zone to the master
file. If the "-clean" option is specified, the journal file is also
removed. If no zone is specified, then all zones are synced.
thaw [zone [class [view]]]
Enable updates to a frozen dynamic zone. If no zone is specified,
then all frozen zones are enabled. This causes the server to reload
the zone from disk, and re-enables dynamic updates after the load
has completed. After a zone is thawed, dynamic updates will no
longer be refused. If the zone has changed and the
ixfr-from-differences option is in use, then the journal file will
be updated to reflect changes in the zone. Otherwise, if the zone
has changed, any existing journal file will be removed.
See also rndc freeze.
trace
Increment the servers debugging level by one.
trace level
Sets the server's debugging level to an explicit value.
See also rndc notrace.
tsig-delete keyname [view]
Delete a given TKEY-negotiated key from the server. (This does not
apply to statically configured TSIG keys.)
tsig-list
List the names of all TSIG keys currently configured for use by
named in each view. The list includes both statically configured
keys and dynamic TKEY-negotiated keys.
validation ( on | off | status ) [view ...]
Enable, disable, or check the current status of DNSSEC validation.
Note dnssec-enable also needs to be set to yes or auto to be
effective. It defaults to enabled.
zonestatus zone [class [view]]
Displays the current status of the given zone, including the master
file name and any include files from which it was loaded, when it
was most recently loaded, the current serial number, the number of
nodes, whether the zone supports dynamic updates, whether the zone
is DNSSEC signed, whether it uses automatic DNSSEC key management
or inline signing, and the scheduled refresh or expiry times for
the zone.
See also rndc showzone.
LIMITATIONS
There is currently no way to provide the shared secret for a key_id
without using the configuration file.
Several error messages could be clearer.
SEE ALSO
rndc.conf(5), rndc-confgen(8), named(8), named.conf(5), ndc(8), BIND 9
Administrator Reference Manual.
AUTHOR
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2013-2021 Internet Systems
Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
ISC 2014-08-15 RNDC(8)
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