PERL5260DELTA(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERL5260DELTA(1)
NAME
perl5260delta - what is new for perl v5.26.0
DESCRIPTION
This document describes the differences between the 5.24.0 release and
the 5.26.0 release.
Notice
This release includes three updates with widespread effects:
o "." no longer in @INC
For security reasons, the current directory (".") is no longer
included by default at the end of the module search path (@INC).
This may have widespread implications for the building, testing and
installing of modules, and for the execution of scripts. See the
section "Removal of the current directory (".") from @INC" for the
full details.
o "do" may now warn
"do" now gives a deprecation warning when it fails to load a file
which it would have loaded had "." been in @INC.
o In regular expression patterns, a literal left brace "{" should be
escaped
See "Unescaped literal "{" characters in regular expression
patterns are no longer permissible".
Core Enhancements
Lexical subroutines are no longer experimental
Using the "lexical_subs" feature introduced in v5.18 no longer emits a
warning. Existing code that disables the "experimental::lexical_subs"
warning category that the feature previously used will continue to
work. The "lexical_subs" feature has no effect; all Perl code can use
lexical subroutines, regardless of what feature declarations are in
scope.
Indented Here-documents
This adds a new modifier "~" to here-docs that tells the parser that it
should look for "/^\s*$DELIM\n/" as the closing delimiter.
These syntaxes are all supported:
<<~EOF;
<<~\EOF;
<<~'EOF';
<<~"EOF";
<<~`EOF`;
<<~ 'EOF';
<<~ "EOF";
<<~ `EOF`;
The "~" modifier will strip, from each line in the here-doc, the same
whitespace that appears before the delimiter.
Newlines will be copied as-is, and lines that don't include the proper
beginning whitespace will cause perl to croak.
For example:
if (1) {
print <<~EOF;
Hello there
EOF
}
prints "Hello there\n" with no leading whitespace.
New regular expression modifier "/xx"
Specifying two "x" characters to modify a regular expression pattern
does everything that a single one does, but additionally TAB and SPACE
characters within a bracketed character class are generally ignored and
can be added to improve readability, like "/[ ^ A-Z d-f p-x ]/xx".
Details are at "/x and /xx" in perlre.
"@{^CAPTURE}", "%{^CAPTURE}", and "%{^CAPTURE_ALL}"
"@{^CAPTURE}" exposes the capture buffers of the last match as an
array. So $1 is "${^CAPTURE}[0]". This is a more efficient equivalent
to code like "substr($matched_string,$-[0],$+[0]-$-[0])", and you don't
have to keep track of the $matched_string either. This variable has no
single character equivalent. Note that, like the other regex magic
variables, the contents of this variable is dynamic; if you wish to
store it beyond the lifetime of the match you must copy it to another
array.
"%{^CAPTURE}" is equivalent to "%+" (i.e., named captures). Other than
being more self-documenting there is no difference between the two
forms.
"%{^CAPTURE_ALL}" is equivalent to "%-" (i.e., all named captures).
Other than being more self-documenting there is no difference between
the two forms.
Declaring a reference to a variable
As an experimental feature, Perl now allows the referencing operator to
come after "my()", "state()", "our()", or "local()". This syntax must
be enabled with "use feature 'declared_refs'". It is experimental, and
will warn by default unless "no warnings 'experimental::refaliasing'"
is in effect. It is intended mainly for use in assignments to
references. For example:
use experimental 'refaliasing', 'declared_refs';
my \$a = \$b;
See "Assigning to References" in perlref for more details.
Unicode 9.0 is now supported
A list of changes is at
<http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode9.0.0/>;. Modules that are
shipped with core Perl but not maintained by p5p do not necessarily
support Unicode 9.0. Unicode::Normalize does work on 9.0.
Use of "\p{script}" uses the improved Script_Extensions property
Unicode 6.0 introduced an improved form of the Script ("sc") property,
and called it Script_Extensions ("scx"). Perl now uses this improved
version when a property is specified as just "\p{script}". This should
make programs more accurate when determining if a character is used in
a given script, but there is a slight chance of breakage for programs
that very specifically needed the old behavior. The meaning of
compound forms, like "\p{sc=script}" are unchanged. See "Scripts" in
perlunicode.
Perl can now do default collation in UTF-8 locales on platforms that
support it
Some platforms natively do a reasonable job of collating and sorting in
UTF-8 locales. Perl now works with those. For portability and full
control, Unicode::Collate is still recommended, but now you may not
need to do anything special to get good-enough results, depending on
your application. See "Category "LC_COLLATE": Collation: Text
Comparisons and Sorting" in perllocale.
Better locale collation of strings containing embedded "NUL" characters
In locales that have multi-level character weights, "NUL"s are now
ignored at the higher priority ones. There are still some gotchas in
some strings, though. See "Collation of strings containing embedded
"NUL" characters" in perllocale.
"CORE" subroutines for hash and array functions callable via reference
The hash and array functions in the "CORE" namespace ("keys", "each",
"values", "push", "pop", "shift", "unshift" and "splice") can now be
called with ampersand syntax ("&CORE::keys(\%hash") and via reference
("my $k = \&CORE::keys; $k->(\%hash)"). Previously they could only be
used when inlined.
New Hash Function For 64-bit Builds
We have switched to a hybrid hash function to better balance
performance for short and long keys.
For short keys, 16 bytes and under, we use an optimised variant of One
At A Time Hard, and for longer keys we use Siphash 1-3. For very long
keys this is a big improvement in performance. For shorter keys there
is a modest improvement.
Security
Removal of the current directory (".") from @INC
The perl binary includes a default set of paths in @INC. Historically
it has also included the current directory (".") as the final entry,
unless run with taint mode enabled ("perl -T"). While convenient, this
has security implications: for example, where a script attempts to load
an optional module when its current directory is untrusted (such as
/tmp), it could load and execute code from under that directory.
Starting with v5.26, "." is always removed by default, not just under
tainting. This has major implications for installing modules and
executing scripts.
The following new features have been added to help ameliorate these
issues.
o Configure -Udefault_inc_excludes_dot
There is a new Configure option, "default_inc_excludes_dot"
(enabled by default) which builds a perl executable without ".";
unsetting this option using "-U" reverts perl to the old behaviour.
This may fix your path issues but will reintroduce all the security
concerns, so don't build a perl executable like this unless you're
really confident that such issues are not a concern in your
environment.
o "PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC"
There is a new environment variable recognised by the perl
interpreter. If this variable has the value 1 when the perl
interpreter starts up, then "." will be automatically appended to
@INC (except under tainting).
This allows you restore the old perl interpreter behaviour on a
case-by-case basis. But note that this is intended to be a
temporary crutch, and this feature will likely be removed in some
future perl version. It is currently set by the "cpan" utility and
"Test::Harness" to ease installation of CPAN modules which have not
been updated to handle the lack of dot. Once again, don't use this
unless you are sure that this will not reintroduce any security
concerns.
o A new deprecation warning issued by "do".
While it is well-known that "use" and "require" use @INC to search
for the file to load, many people don't realise that "do "file""
also searches @INC if the file is a relative path. With the
removal of ".", a simple "do "file.pl"" will fail to read in and
execute "file.pl" from the current directory. Since this is
commonly expected behaviour, a new deprecation warning is now
issued whenever "do" fails to load a file which it otherwise would
have found if a dot had been in @INC.
Here are some things script and module authors may need to do to make
their software work in the new regime.
o Script authors
If the issue is within your own code (rather than within included
modules), then you have two main options. Firstly, if you are
confident that your script will only be run within a trusted
directory (under which you expect to find trusted files and
modules), then add "." back into the path; e.g.:
BEGIN {
my $dir = "/some/trusted/directory";
chdir $dir or die "Can't chdir to $dir: $!\n";
# safe now
push @INC, '.';
}
use "Foo::Bar"; # may load /some/trusted/directory/Foo/Bar.pm
do "config.pl"; # may load /some/trusted/directory/config.pl
On the other hand, if your script is intended to be run from within
untrusted directories (such as /tmp), then your script suddenly
failing to load files may be indicative of a security issue. You
most likely want to replace any relative paths with full paths; for
example,
do "foo_config.pl"
might become
do "$ENV{HOME}/foo_config.pl"
If you are absolutely certain that you want your script to load and
execute a file from the current directory, then use a "./" prefix;
for example:
do "./foo_config.pl"
o Installing and using CPAN modules
If you install a CPAN module using an automatic tool like "cpan",
then this tool will itself set the "PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC"
environment variable while building and testing the module, which
may be sufficient to install a distribution which hasn't been
updated to be dot-aware. If you want to install such a module
manually, then you'll need to replace the traditional invocation:
perl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install
with something like
(export PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC=1; \
perl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install)
Note that this only helps build and install an unfixed module.
It's possible for the tests to pass (since they were run under
"PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC=1"), but for the module itself to fail to
perform correctly in production. In this case, you may have to
temporarily modify your script until a fixed version of the module
is released. For example:
use Foo::Bar;
{
local @INC = (@INC, '.');
# assuming read_config() needs '.' in @INC
$config = Foo::Bar->read_config();
}
This is only rarely expected to be necessary. Again, if doing
this, assess the resultant risks first.
o Module Authors
If you maintain a CPAN distribution, it may need updating to run in
a dotless environment. Although "cpan" and other such tools will
currently set the "PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC" during module build, this
is a temporary workaround for the set of modules which rely on "."
being in @INC for installation and testing, and this may mask
deeper issues. It could result in a module which passes tests and
installs, but which fails at run time.
During build, test, and install, it will normally be the case that
any perl processes will be executing directly within the root
directory of the untarred distribution, or a known subdirectory of
that, such as t/. It may well be that Makefile.PL or t/foo.t will
attempt to include local modules and configuration files using
their direct relative filenames, which will now fail.
However, as described above, automatic tools like cpan will (for
now) set the "PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC" environment variable, which
introduces dot during a build.
This makes it likely that your existing build and test code will
work, but this may mask issues with your code which only manifest
when used after install. It is prudent to try and run your build
process with that variable explicitly disabled:
(export PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC=0; \
perl Makefile.PL && make && make test && make install)
This is more likely to show up any potential problems with your
module's build process, or even with the module itself. Fixing
such issues will ensure both that your module can again be
installed manually, and that it will still build once the
"PERL_USE_UNSAFE_INC" crutch goes away.
When fixing issues in tests due to the removal of dot from @INC,
reinsertion of dot into @INC should be performed with caution, for
this too may suppress real errors in your runtime code. You are
encouraged wherever possible to apply the aforementioned approaches
with explicit absolute/relative paths, or to relocate your needed
files into a subdirectory and insert that subdirectory into @INC
instead.
If your runtime code has problems under the dotless @INC, then the
comments above on how to fix for script authors will mostly apply
here too. Bear in mind though that it is considered bad form for a
module to globally add a dot to @INC, since it introduces both a
security risk and hides issues of accidentally requiring dot in
@INC, as explained above.
Escaped colons and relative paths in PATH
On Unix systems, Perl treats any relative paths in the "PATH"
environment variable as tainted when starting a new process.
Previously, it was allowing a backslash to escape a colon (unlike the
OS), consequently allowing relative paths to be considered safe if the
PATH was set to something like "/\:.". The check has been fixed to
treat "." as tainted in that example.
New "-Di" switch is now required for PerlIO debugging output
This is used for debugging of code within PerlIO to avoid recursive
calls. Previously this output would be sent to the file specified by
the "PERLIO_DEBUG" environment variable if perl wasn't running setuid
and the "-T" or "-t" switches hadn't been parsed yet.
If perl performed output at a point where it hadn't yet parsed its
switches this could result in perl creating or overwriting the file
named by "PERLIO_DEBUG" even when the "-T" switch had been supplied.
Perl now requires the "-Di" switch to be present before it will produce
PerlIO debugging output. By default this is written to "stderr", but
can optionally be redirected to a file by setting the "PERLIO_DEBUG"
environment variable.
If perl is running setuid or the "-T" switch was supplied,
"PERLIO_DEBUG" is ignored and the debugging output is sent to "stderr"
as for any other "-D" switch.
Incompatible Changes
Unescaped literal "{" characters in regular expression patterns are no
longer permissible
You have to now say something like "\{" or "[{]" to specify to match a
LEFT CURLY BRACKET; otherwise, it is a fatal pattern compilation error.
This change will allow future extensions to the language.
These have been deprecated since v5.16, with a deprecation message
raised for some uses starting in v5.22. Unfortunately, the code added
to raise the message was buggy and failed to warn in some cases where
it should have. Therefore, enforcement of this ban for these cases is
deferred until Perl 5.30, but the code has been fixed to raise a
default-on deprecation message for them in the meantime.
Some uses of literal "{" occur in contexts where we do not foresee the
meaning ever being anything but the literal, such as the very first
character in the pattern, or after a "|" meaning alternation. Thus
qr/{fee|{fie/
matches either of the strings "{fee" or "{fie". To avoid forcing
unnecessary code changes, these uses do not need to be escaped, and no
warning is raised about them, and there are no current plans to change
this.
But it is always correct to escape "{", and the simple rule to remember
is to always do so.
See Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here.
"scalar(%hash)" return signature changed
The value returned for "scalar(%hash)" will no longer show information
about the buckets allocated in the hash. It will simply return the
count of used keys. It is thus equivalent to "0+keys(%hash)".
A form of backward compatibility is provided via
"Hash::Util::bucket_ratio()" which provides the same behavior as
"scalar(%hash)" provided in Perl 5.24 and earlier.
"keys" returned from an lvalue subroutine
"keys" returned from an lvalue subroutine can no longer be assigned to
in list context.
sub foo : lvalue { keys(%INC) }
(foo) = 3; # death
sub bar : lvalue { keys(@_) }
(bar) = 3; # also an error
This makes the lvalue sub case consistent with "(keys %hash) = ..." and
"(keys @_) = ...", which are also errors. [perl #128187]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128187>;
The "${^ENCODING}" facility has been removed
The special behaviour associated with assigning a value to this
variable has been removed. As a consequence, the encoding pragma's
default mode is no longer supported. If you still need to write your
source code in encodings other than UTF-8, use a source filter such as
Filter::Encoding on CPAN or encoding's "Filter" option.
"POSIX::tmpnam()" has been removed
The fundamentally unsafe "tmpnam()" interface was deprecated in Perl
5.22 and has now been removed. In its place, you can use, for example,
the File::Temp interfaces.
require ::Foo::Bar is now illegal.
Formerly, "require ::Foo::Bar" would try to read /Foo/Bar.pm. Now any
bareword require which starts with a double colon dies instead.
Literal control character variable names are no longer permissible
A variable name may no longer contain a literal control character under
any circumstances. These previously were allowed in single-character
names on ASCII platforms, but have been deprecated there since Perl
5.20. This affects things like "$\cT", where \cT is a literal control
(such as a "NAK" or "NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE" character) in the source
code.
"NBSP" is no longer permissible in "\N{...}"
The name of a character may no longer contain non-breaking spaces. It
has been deprecated to do so since Perl 5.22.
Deprecations
String delimiters that aren't stand-alone graphemes are now deprecated
For Perl to eventually allow string delimiters to be Unicode grapheme
clusters (which look like a single character, but may be a sequence of
several ones), we have to stop allowing a single character delimiter
that isn't a grapheme by itself. These are unlikely to exist in actual
code, as they would typically display as attached to the character in
front of them.
"\cX" that maps to a printable is no longer deprecated
This means we have no plans to remove this feature. It still raises a
warning, but only if syntax warnings are enabled. The feature was
originally intended to be a way to express non-printable characters
that don't have a mnemonic ("\t" and "\n" are mnemonics for two non-
printable characters, but most non-printables don't have a mnemonic.)
But the feature can be used to specify a few printable characters,
though those are more clearly expressed as the printable itself. See
<http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2017/02/msg242944.html>;.
Performance Enhancements
o A hash in boolean context is now sometimes faster, e.g.
if (!%h) { ... }
This was already special-cased, but some cases were missed (such as
"grep %$_, @AoH"), and even the ones which weren't have been
improved.
o New Faster Hash Function on 64 bit builds
We use a different hash function for short and long keys. This
should improve performance and security, especially for long keys.
o readline is faster
Reading from a file line-by-line with "readline()" or "<>" should
now typically be faster due to a better implementation of the code
that searches for the next newline character.
o Assigning one reference to another, e.g. "$ref1 = $ref2" has been
optimized in some cases.
o Remove some exceptions to creating Copy-on-Write strings. The
string buffer growth algorithm has been slightly altered so that
you're less likely to encounter a string which can't be COWed.
o Better optimise array and hash assignment: where an array or hash
appears in the LHS of a list assignment, such as "(..., @a) =
(...);", it's likely to be considerably faster, especially if it
involves emptying the array/hash. For example, this code runs about
a third faster compared to Perl 5.24.0:
my @a;
for my $i (1..10_000_000) {
@a = (1,2,3);
@a = ();
}
o Converting a single-digit string to a number is now substantially
faster.
o The "split" builtin is now slightly faster in many cases: in
particular for the two specially-handled forms
my @a = split ...;
local @a = split ...;
o The rather slow implementation for the experimental subroutine
signatures feature has been made much faster; it is now comparable
in speed with the traditional "my ($a, $b, @c) = @_".
o Bareword constant strings are now permitted to take part in
constant folding. They were originally exempted from constant
folding in August 1999, during the development of Perl 5.6, to
ensure that "use strict "subs"" would still apply to bareword
constants. That has now been accomplished a different way, so
barewords, like other constants, now gain the performance benefits
of constant folding.
This also means that void-context warnings on constant expressions
of barewords now report the folded constant operand, rather than
the operation; this matches the behaviour for non-bareword
constants.
Modules and Pragmata
Updated Modules and Pragmata
o IO::Compress has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.
o Archive::Tar has been upgraded from version 2.04 to 2.24.
o arybase has been upgraded from version 0.11 to 0.12.
o attributes has been upgraded from version 0.27 to 0.29.
The deprecation message for the ":unique" and ":locked" attributes
now mention that they will disappear in Perl 5.28.
o B has been upgraded from version 1.62 to 1.68.
o B::Concise has been upgraded from version 0.996 to 0.999.
Its output is now more descriptive for "op_private" flags.
o B::Debug has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.24.
o B::Deparse has been upgraded from version 1.37 to 1.40.
o B::Xref has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o base has been upgraded from version 2.23 to 2.25.
o bignum has been upgraded from version 0.42 to 0.47.
o Carp has been upgraded from version 1.40 to 1.42.
o charnames has been upgraded from version 1.43 to 1.44.
o Compress::Raw::Bzip2 has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.
o Compress::Raw::Zlib has been upgraded from version 2.069 to 2.074.
o Config::Perl::V has been upgraded from version 0.25 to 0.28.
o CPAN has been upgraded from version 2.11 to 2.18.
o CPAN::Meta has been upgraded from version 2.150005 to 2.150010.
o Data::Dumper has been upgraded from version 2.160 to 2.167.
The XS implementation now supports Deparse.
o DB_File has been upgraded from version 1.835 to 1.840.
o Devel::Peek has been upgraded from version 1.23 to 1.26.
o Devel::PPPort has been upgraded from version 3.32 to 3.35.
o Devel::SelfStubber has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o diagnostics has been upgraded from version 1.34 to 1.36.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o Digest has been upgraded from version 1.17 to 1.17_01.
o Digest::MD5 has been upgraded from version 2.54 to 2.55.
o Digest::SHA has been upgraded from version 5.95 to 5.96.
o DynaLoader has been upgraded from version 1.38 to 1.42.
o Encode has been upgraded from version 2.80 to 2.88.
o encoding has been upgraded from version 2.17 to 2.19.
This module's default mode is no longer supported. It now dies
when imported, unless the "Filter" option is being used.
o encoding::warnings has been upgraded from version 0.12 to 0.13.
This module is no longer supported. It emits a warning to that
effect and then does nothing.
o Errno has been upgraded from version 1.25 to 1.28.
It now documents that using "%!" automatically loads Errno for you.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o ExtUtils::Embed has been upgraded from version 1.33 to 1.34.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o ExtUtils::MakeMaker has been upgraded from version 7.10_01 to 7.24.
o ExtUtils::Miniperl has been upgraded from version 1.05 to 1.06.
o ExtUtils::ParseXS has been upgraded from version 3.31 to 3.34.
o ExtUtils::Typemaps has been upgraded from version 3.31 to 3.34.
o feature has been upgraded from version 1.42 to 1.47.
o File::Copy has been upgraded from version 2.31 to 2.32.
o File::Fetch has been upgraded from version 0.48 to 0.52.
o File::Glob has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.
It now Issues a deprecation message for "File::Glob::glob()".
o File::Spec has been upgraded from version 3.63 to 3.67.
o FileHandle has been upgraded from version 2.02 to 2.03.
o Filter::Simple has been upgraded from version 0.92 to 0.93.
It no longer treats "no MyFilter" immediately following "use
MyFilter" as end-of-file. [perl #107726]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=107726>;
o Getopt::Long has been upgraded from version 2.48 to 2.49.
o Getopt::Std has been upgraded from version 1.11 to 1.12.
o Hash::Util has been upgraded from version 0.19 to 0.22.
o HTTP::Tiny has been upgraded from version 0.056 to 0.070.
Internal 599-series errors now include the redirect history.
o I18N::LangTags has been upgraded from version 0.40 to 0.42.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o IO has been upgraded from version 1.36 to 1.38.
o IO::Socket::IP has been upgraded from version 0.37 to 0.38.
o IPC::Cmd has been upgraded from version 0.92 to 0.96.
o IPC::SysV has been upgraded from version 2.06_01 to 2.07.
o JSON::PP has been upgraded from version 2.27300 to 2.27400_02.
o lib has been upgraded from version 0.63 to 0.64.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o List::Util has been upgraded from version 1.42_02 to 1.46_02.
o Locale::Codes has been upgraded from version 3.37 to 3.42.
o Locale::Maketext has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.
o Locale::Maketext::Simple has been upgraded from version 0.21 to
0.21_01.
o Math::BigInt has been upgraded from version 1.999715 to 1.999806.
o Math::BigInt::FastCalc has been upgraded from version 0.40 to
0.5005.
o Math::BigRat has been upgraded from version 0.260802 to 0.2611.
o Math::Complex has been upgraded from version 1.59 to 1.5901.
o Memoize has been upgraded from version 1.03 to 1.03_01.
o Module::CoreList has been upgraded from version 5.20170420 to
5.20170530.
o Module::Load::Conditional has been upgraded from version 0.64 to
0.68.
o Module::Metadata has been upgraded from version 1.000031 to
1.000033.
o mro has been upgraded from version 1.18 to 1.20.
o Net::Ping has been upgraded from version 2.43 to 2.55.
IPv6 addresses and "AF_INET6" sockets are now supported, along with
several other enhancements.
o NEXT has been upgraded from version 0.65 to 0.67.
o Opcode has been upgraded from version 1.34 to 1.39.
o open has been upgraded from version 1.10 to 1.11.
o OS2::Process has been upgraded from version 1.11 to 1.12.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o overload has been upgraded from version 1.26 to 1.28.
Its compilation speed has been improved slightly.
o parent has been upgraded from version 0.234 to 0.236.
o perl5db.pl has been upgraded from version 1.50 to 1.51.
It now ignores /dev/tty on non-Unix systems. [perl #113960]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=113960>;
o Perl::OSType has been upgraded from version 1.009 to 1.010.
o perlfaq has been upgraded from version 5.021010 to 5.021011.
o PerlIO has been upgraded from version 1.09 to 1.10.
o PerlIO::encoding has been upgraded from version 0.24 to 0.25.
o PerlIO::scalar has been upgraded from version 0.24 to 0.26.
o Pod::Checker has been upgraded from version 1.60 to 1.73.
o Pod::Functions has been upgraded from version 1.10 to 1.11.
o Pod::Html has been upgraded from version 1.22 to 1.2202.
o Pod::Perldoc has been upgraded from version 3.25_02 to 3.28.
o Pod::Simple has been upgraded from version 3.32 to 3.35.
o Pod::Usage has been upgraded from version 1.68 to 1.69.
o POSIX has been upgraded from version 1.65 to 1.76.
This remedies several defects in making its symbols exportable.
[perl #127821]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127821>;
The "POSIX::tmpnam()" interface has been removed, see
"POSIX::tmpnam() has been removed".
The following deprecated functions have been removed:
POSIX::isalnum
POSIX::isalpha
POSIX::iscntrl
POSIX::isdigit
POSIX::isgraph
POSIX::islower
POSIX::isprint
POSIX::ispunct
POSIX::isspace
POSIX::isupper
POSIX::isxdigit
POSIX::tolower
POSIX::toupper
Trying to import POSIX subs that have no real implementations (like
"POSIX::atend()") now fails at import time, instead of waiting
until runtime.
o re has been upgraded from version 0.32 to 0.34
This adds support for the new "/xx" regular expression pattern
modifier, and a change to the "use re 'strict'" experimental
feature. When "re 'strict'" is enabled, a warning now will be
generated for all unescaped uses of the two characters "}" and "]"
in regular expression patterns (outside bracketed character
classes) that are taken literally. This brings them more in line
with the ")" character which is always a metacharacter unless
escaped. Being a metacharacter only sometimes, depending on an
action at a distance, can lead to silently having the pattern mean
something quite different than was intended, which the
"re 'strict'" mode is intended to minimize.
o Safe has been upgraded from version 2.39 to 2.40.
o Scalar::Util has been upgraded from version 1.42_02 to 1.46_02.
o Storable has been upgraded from version 2.56 to 2.62.
Fixes [perl #130098]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130098>;.
o Symbol has been upgraded from version 1.07 to 1.08.
o Sys::Syslog has been upgraded from version 0.33 to 0.35.
o Term::ANSIColor has been upgraded from version 4.04 to 4.06.
o Term::ReadLine has been upgraded from version 1.15 to 1.16.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o Test has been upgraded from version 1.28 to 1.30.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o Test::Harness has been upgraded from version 3.36 to 3.38.
o Test::Simple has been upgraded from version 1.001014 to 1.302073.
o Thread::Queue has been upgraded from version 3.09 to 3.12.
o Thread::Semaphore has been upgraded from 2.12 to 2.13.
Added the "down_timed" method.
o threads has been upgraded from version 2.07 to 2.15.
o threads::shared has been upgraded from version 1.51 to 1.56.
o Tie::Hash::NamedCapture has been upgraded from version 0.09 to
0.10.
o Time::HiRes has been upgraded from version 1.9733 to 1.9741.
It now builds on systems with C++11 compilers (such as G++ 6 and
Clang++ 3.9).
Now uses "clockid_t".
o Time::Local has been upgraded from version 1.2300 to 1.25.
o Unicode::Collate has been upgraded from version 1.14 to 1.19.
o Unicode::UCD has been upgraded from version 0.64 to 0.68.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o version has been upgraded from version 0.9916 to 0.9917.
o VMS::DCLsym has been upgraded from version 1.06 to 1.08.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
o warnings has been upgraded from version 1.36 to 1.37.
o XS::Typemap has been upgraded from version 0.14 to 0.15.
o XSLoader has been upgraded from version 0.21 to 0.27.
Fixed a security hole in which binary files could be loaded from a
path outside of @INC.
It now uses 3-arg "open()" instead of 2-arg "open()". [perl
#130122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130122>;
Documentation
New Documentation
perldeprecation
This file documents all upcoming deprecations, and some of the
deprecations which already have been removed. The purpose of this
documentation is two-fold: document what will disappear, and by which
version, and serve as a guide for people dealing with code which has
features that no longer work after an upgrade of their perl.
Changes to Existing Documentation
We have attempted to update the documentation to reflect the changes
listed in this document. If you find any we have missed, send email to
perlbug AT perl.org <mailto:perlbug AT perl.org>.
Additionally, all references to Usenet have been removed, and the
following selected changes have been made:
perlfunc
o Removed obsolete text about "defined()" on aggregates that should
have been deleted earlier, when the feature was removed.
o Corrected documentation of "eval()", and "evalbytes()".
o Clarified documentation of "seek()", "tell()" and "sysseek()"
emphasizing that positions are in bytes and not characters. [perl
#128607] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128607>;
o Clarified documentation of "sort()" concerning the variables $a and
$b.
o In "split()" noted that certain pattern modifiers are legal, and
added a caution about its use in Perls before v5.11.
o Removed obsolete documentation of "study()", noting that it is now
a no-op.
o Noted that "vec()" doesn't work well when the string contains
characters whose code points are above 255.
perlguts
o Added advice on formatted printing of operands of "Size_t" and
"SSize_t"
perlhack
o Clarify what editor tab stop rules to use, and note that we are
migrating away from using tabs, replacing them with sequences of
SPACE characters.
perlhacktips
o Give another reason to use "cBOOL" to cast an expression to
boolean.
o Note that the macros "TRUE" and "FALSE" are available to express
boolean values.
perlinterp
o perlinterp has been expanded to give a more detailed example of how
to hunt around in the parser for how a given operator is handled.
perllocale
o Some locales aren't compatible with Perl. Note that these can
cause core dumps.
perlmod
o Various clarifications have been added.
perlmodlib
o Updated the site mirror list.
perlobj
o Added a section on calling methods using their fully qualified
names.
o Do not discourage manual @ISA.
perlootut
o Mention "Moo" more.
perlop
o Note that white space must be used for quoting operators if the
delimiter is a word character (i.e., matches "\w").
o Clarify that in regular expression patterns delimited by single
quotes, no variable interpolation is done.
perlre
o The first part was extensively rewritten to incorporate various
basic points, that in earlier versions were mentioned in sort of an
appendix on Version 8 regular expressions.
o Note that it is common to have the "/x" modifier and forget that
this means that "#" has to be escaped.
perlretut
o Add introductory material.
o Note that a metacharacter occurring in a context where it can't
mean that, silently loses its meta-ness and matches literally.
"use re 'strict'" can catch some of these.
perlunicode
o Corrected the text about Unicode BYTE ORDER MARK handling.
o Updated the text to correspond with changes in Unicode UTS#18,
concerning regular expressions, and Perl compatibility with what it
says.
perlvar
o Document @ISA. It was documented in other places, but not in
perlvar.
Diagnostics
New Diagnostics
New Errors
o A signature parameter must start with '$', '@' or '%'
o Bareword in require contains "%s"
o Bareword in require maps to empty filename
o Bareword in require maps to disallowed filename "%s"
o Bareword in require must not start with a double-colon: "%s"
o %s: command not found
(A) You've accidentally run your script through bash or another
shell instead of Perl. Check the "#!" line, or manually feed your
script into Perl yourself. The "#!" line at the top of your file
could look like:
#!/usr/bin/perl
o %s: command not found: %s
(A) You've accidentally run your script through zsh or another
shell instead of Perl. Check the "#!" line, or manually feed your
script into Perl yourself. The "#!" line at the top of your file
could look like:
#!/usr/bin/perl
o The experimental declared_refs feature is not enabled
(F) To declare references to variables, as in "my \%x", you must
first enable the feature:
no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
use feature "declared_refs";
See "Declaring a reference to a variable".
o Illegal character following sigil in a subroutine signature
o Indentation on line %d of here-doc doesn't match delimiter
o Infinite recursion via empty pattern.
Using the empty pattern (which re-executes the last successfully-
matched pattern) inside a code block in another regex, as in "/(?{
s!!new! })/", has always previously yielded a segfault. It now
produces this error.
o Malformed UTF-8 string in "%s"
o Multiple slurpy parameters not allowed
o '#' not allowed immediately following a sigil in a subroutine
signature
o panic: unknown OA_*: %x
o Unescaped left brace in regex is illegal here
Unescaped left braces are now illegal in some contexts in regular
expression patterns. In other contexts, they are still just
deprecated; they will be illegal in Perl 5.30.
o Version control conflict marker
(F) The parser found a line starting with "<<<<<<<", ">>>>>>>", or
"=======". These may be left by a version control system to mark
conflicts after a failed merge operation.
New Warnings
o Can't determine class of operator %s, assuming "BASEOP"
o Declaring references is experimental
(S experimental::declared_refs) This warning is emitted if you use
a reference constructor on the right-hand side of "my()",
"state()", "our()", or "local()". Simply suppress the warning if
you want to use the feature, but know that in doing so you are
taking the risk of using an experimental feature which may change
or be removed in a future Perl version:
no warnings "experimental::declared_refs";
use feature "declared_refs";
$fooref = my \$foo;
See "Declaring a reference to a variable".
o do "%s" failed, '.' is no longer in @INC
Since "." is now removed from @INC by default, "do" will now
trigger a warning recommending to fix the "do" statement.
o "File::Glob::glob()" will disappear in perl 5.30. Use
"File::Glob::bsd_glob()" instead.
o Unescaped literal '%c' in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
o Use of unassigned code point or non-standalone grapheme for a
delimiter will be a fatal error starting in Perl 5.30
See "Deprecations"
Changes to Existing Diagnostics
o When a "require" fails, we now do not provide @INC when the
"require" is for a file instead of a module.
o When @INC is not scanned for a "require" call, we no longer display
@INC to avoid confusion.
o Attribute "locked" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the and will disappear text added in
this release.
o Attribute "unique" is deprecated, and will disappear in Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the and will disappear text added in
this release.
o Calling POSIX::%s() is deprecated
This warning has been removed, as the deprecated functions have
been removed from POSIX.
o Constants from lexical variables potentially modified elsewhere are
deprecated. This will not be allowed in Perl 5.32
This existing warning has had the this will not be allowed text
added in this release.
o Deprecated use of "my()" in false conditional. This will be a fatal
error in Perl 5.30
This existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text
added in this release.
o "dump()" better written as "CORE::dump()". "dump()" will no longer
be available in Perl 5.30
This existing warning has had the no longer be available text added
in this release.
o Experimental %s on scalar is now forbidden
This message is now followed by more helpful text. [perl #127976]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127976>;
o Experimental "%s" subs not enabled
This warning was been removed, as lexical subs are no longer
experimental.
o Having more than one /%c regexp modifier is deprecated
This deprecation warning has been removed, since "/xx" now has a
new meaning.
o %s() is deprecated on ":utf8" handles. This will be a fatal error
in Perl 5.30 .
where "%s" is one of "sysread", "recv", "syswrite", or "send".
This existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text
added in this release.
This warning is now enabled by default, as all "deprecated"
category warnings should be.
o $* is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30
This existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added
in this release.
o $# is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in Perl 5.30
This existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added
in this release.
o Malformed UTF-8 character%s
Details as to the exact problem have been added at the end of this
message
o Missing or undefined argument to %s
This warning used to warn about "require", even if it was actually
"do" which being executed. It now gets the operation name right.
o NO-BREAK SPACE in a charnames alias definition is deprecated
This warning has been removed as the behavior is now an error.
o Odd name/value argument for subroutine '%s'
This warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.
o Opening dirhandle %s also as a file. This will be a fatal error in
Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text
added in this release.
o Opening filehandle %s also as a directory. This will be a fatal
error in Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text
added in this release.
o panic: ck_split, type=%u
panic: pp_split, pm=%p, s=%p
These panic errors have been removed.
o Passing malformed UTF-8 to "%s" is deprecated
This warning has been changed to the fatal Malformed UTF-8 string
in "%s"
o Setting $/ to a reference to %s as a form of slurp is deprecated,
treating as undef. This will be fatal in Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in
this release.
o "${^ENCODING}" is no longer supported. Its use will be fatal in
Perl 5.28
This warning used to be: "Setting "${^ENCODING}" is deprecated".
The special action of the variable "${^ENCODING}" was formerly used
to implement the "encoding" pragma. As of Perl 5.26, rather than
being deprecated, assigning to this variable now has no effect
except to issue the warning.
o Too few arguments for subroutine '%s'
This warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.
o Too many arguments for subroutine '%s'
This warning now includes the name of the offending subroutine.
o Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal
in Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/%s/
This existing warning has had the here (and will be fatal...) text
added in this release.
o Unknown charname '' is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in Perl
5.28
This existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added
in this release.
o Use of bare << to mean <<"" is deprecated. Its use will be fatal in
Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added
in this release.
o Use of code point 0x%s is deprecated; the permissible max is 0x%s.
This will be fatal in Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in
this release.
o Use of comma-less variable list is deprecated. Its use will be
fatal in Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the its use will be fatal text added
in this release.
o Use of inherited "AUTOLOAD" for non-method %s() is deprecated. This
will be fatal in Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the this will be fatal text added in
this release.
o Use of strings with code points over 0xFF as arguments to %s
operator is deprecated. This will be a fatal error in Perl 5.28
This existing warning has had the this will be a fatal error text
added in this release.
Utility Changes
c2ph and pstruct
o These old utilities have long since superceded by h2xs, and are now
gone from the distribution.
Porting/pod_lib.pl
o Removed spurious executable bit.
o Account for the possibility of DOS file endings.
Porting/sync-with-cpan
o Many improvements.
perf/benchmarks
o Tidy file, rename some symbols.
Porting/checkAUTHORS.pl
o Replace obscure character range with "\w".
t/porting/regen.t
o Try to be more helpful when tests fail.
utils/h2xs.PL
o Avoid infinite loop for enums.
perlbug
o Long lines in the message body are now wrapped at 900 characters,
to stay well within the 1000-character limit imposed by SMTP mail
transfer agents. This is particularly likely to be important for
the list of arguments to Configure, which can readily exceed the
limit if, for example, it names several non-default installation
paths. This change also adds the first unit tests for perlbug.
[perl #128020]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128020>;
Configuration and Compilation
o "-Ddefault_inc_excludes_dot" has added, and enabled by default.
o The "dtrace" build process has further changes [perl #130108]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130108>;:
o If the "-xnolibs" is available, use that so a dtrace perl can
be built within a FreeBSD jail.
o On systems that build a dtrace object file (FreeBSD, Solaris,
and SystemTap's dtrace emulation), copy the input objects to a
separate directory and process them there, and use those
objects in the link, since "dtrace -G" also modifies these
objects.
o Add libelf to the build on FreeBSD 10.x, since dtrace adds
references to libelf symbols.
o Generate a dummy dtrace_main.o if "dtrace -G" fails to build
it. A default build on Solaris generates probes from the
unused inline functions, while they don't on FreeBSD, which
causes "dtrace -G" to fail.
o You can now disable perl's use of the "PERL_HASH_SEED" and
"PERL_PERTURB_KEYS" environment variables by configuring perl with
"-Accflags=NO_PERL_HASH_ENV".
o You can now disable perl's use of the "PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG"
environment variable by configuring perl with
"-Accflags=-DNO_PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG".
o Configure now zeroes out the alignment bytes when calculating the
bytes for 80-bit "NaN" and "Inf" to make builds more reproducible.
[perl #130133]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130133>;
o Since v5.18, for testing purposes we have included support for
building perl with a variety of non-standard, and non-recommended
hash functions. Since we do not recommend the use of these
functions, we have removed them and their corresponding build
options. Specifically this includes the following build options:
PERL_HASH_FUNC_SDBM
PERL_HASH_FUNC_DJB2
PERL_HASH_FUNC_SUPERFAST
PERL_HASH_FUNC_MURMUR3
PERL_HASH_FUNC_ONE_AT_A_TIME
PERL_HASH_FUNC_ONE_AT_A_TIME_OLD
PERL_HASH_FUNC_MURMUR_HASH_64A
PERL_HASH_FUNC_MURMUR_HASH_64B
o Remove "Warning: perl appears in your path"
This install warning is more or less obsolete, since most platforms
already will have a /usr/bin/perl or similar provided by the OS.
o Reduce verbosity of "make install.man"
Previously, two progress messages were emitted for each manpage:
one by installman itself, and one by the function in install_lib.pl
that it calls to actually install the file. Disabling the second
of those in each case saves over 750 lines of unhelpful output.
o Cleanup for "clang -Weverything" support. [perl #129961]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129961>;
o Configure: signbit scan was assuming too much, stop assuming
negative 0.
o Various compiler warnings have been silenced.
o Several smaller changes have been made to remove impediments to
compiling under C++11.
o Builds using "USE_PAD_RESET" now work again; this configuration had
bit-rotted.
o A probe for "gai_strerror" was added to Configure that checks if
the "gai_strerror()" routine is available and can be used to
translate error codes returned by "getaddrinfo()" into human
readable strings.
o Configure now aborts if both "-Duselongdouble" and "-Dusequadmath"
are requested. [perl #126203]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126203>;
o Fixed a bug in which Configure could append "-quadmath" to the
archname even if it was already present. [perl #128538]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128538>;
o Clang builds with "-DPERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT" or
"-DPERL_GLOBAL_STRUCT_PRIVATE" have been fixed (by disabling Thread
Safety Analysis for these configurations).
o make_ext.pl no longer updates a module's pm_to_blib file when no
files require updates. This could cause dependencies, perlmain.c
in particular, to be rebuilt unnecessarily. [perl #126710]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126710>;
o The output of "perl -V" has been reformatted so that each
configuration and compile-time option is now listed one per line,
to improve readability.
o Configure now builds "miniperl" and "generate_uudmap" if you invoke
it with "-Dusecrosscompiler" but not "-Dtargethost=somehost". This
means you can supply your target platform "config.sh", generate the
headers and proceed to build your cross-target perl. [perl
#127234] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127234>;
o Perl built with "-Accflags=-DPERL_TRACE_OPS" now only dumps the
operator counts when the environment variable "PERL_TRACE_OPS" is
set to a non-zero integer. This allows "make test" to pass on such
a build.
o When building with GCC 6 and link-time optimization (the "-flto"
option to "gcc"), Configure was treating all probed symbols as
present on the system, regardless of whether they actually exist.
This has been fixed. [perl #128131]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128131>;
o The t/test.pl library is used for internal testing of Perl itself,
and also copied by several CPAN modules. Some of those modules
must work on older versions of Perl, so t/test.pl must in turn
avoid newer Perl features. Compatibility with Perl 5.8 was
inadvertently removed some time ago; it has now been restored.
[perl #128052]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128052>;
o The build process no longer emits an extra blank line before
building each "simple" extension (those with only *.pm and *.pod
files).
Testing
Tests were added and changed to reflect the other additions and changes
in this release. Furthermore, these substantive changes were made:
o A new test script, comp/parser_run.t, has been added that is like
comp/parser.t but with test.pl included so that "runperl()" and the
like are available for use.
o Tests for locales were erroneously using locales incompatible with
Perl.
o Some parts of the test suite that try to exhaustively test edge
cases in the regex implementation have been restricted to running
for a maximum of five minutes. On slow systems they could
otherwise take several hours, without significantly improving our
understanding of the correctness of the code under test.
o A new internal facility allows analysing the time taken by the
individual tests in Perl's own test suite; see
Porting/harness-timer-report.pl.
o t/re/regexp_nonull.t has been added to test that the regular
expression engine can handle scalars that do not have a null byte
just past the end of the string.
o A new test script, t/op/decl-refs.t, has been added to test the new
feature "Declaring a reference to a variable".
o A new test script, t/re/keep_tabs.t has been added to contain tests
where "\t" characters should not be expanded into spaces.
o A new test script, t/re/anyof.t, has been added to test that the
ANYOF nodes generated by bracketed character classes are as
expected.
o There is now more extensive testing of the Unicode-related API
macros and functions.
o Several of the longer running API test files have been split into
multiple test files so that they can be run in parallel.
o t/harness now tries really hard not to run tests which are located
outside of the Perl source tree. [perl #124050]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=124050>;
o Prevent debugger tests (lib/perl5db.t) from failing due to the
contents of $ENV{PERLDB_OPTS}. [perl #130445]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130445>;
Platform Support
New Platforms
NetBSD/VAX
Perl now compiles under NetBSD on VAX machines. However, it's not
possible for that platform to implement floating-point infinities
and NaNs compatible with most modern systems, which implement the
IEEE-754 floating point standard. The hexadecimal floating point
("0x...p[+-]n" literals, "printf %a") is not implemented, either.
The "make test" passes 98% of tests.
o Test fixes and minor updates.
o Account for lack of "inf", "nan", and "-0.0" support.
Platform-Specific Notes
Darwin
o Don't treat "-Dprefix=/usr" as special: instead require an
extra option "-Ddarwin_distribution" to produce the same
results.
o OS X El Capitan doesn't implement the "clock_gettime()" or
"clock_getres()" APIs; emulate them as necessary.
o Deprecated syscall(2) on macOS 10.12.
EBCDIC
Several tests have been updated to work (or be skipped) on EBCDIC
platforms.
HP-UX
The Net::Ping UDP test is now skipped on HP-UX.
Hurd
The hints for Hurd have been improved, enabling malloc wrap and
reporting the GNU libc used (previously it was an empty string when
reported).
VAX VAX floating point formats are now supported on NetBSD.
VMS
o The path separator for the "PERL5LIB" and "PERLLIB" environment
entries is now a colon (":") when running under a Unix shell.
There is no change when running under DCL (it's still "|").
o configure.com now recognizes the VSI-branded C compiler and no
longer recognizes the "DEC"-branded C compiler (as there hasn't
been such a thing for 15 or more years).
Windows
o Support for compiling perl on Windows using Microsoft Visual
Studio 2015 (containing Visual C++ 14.0) has been added.
This version of VC++ includes a completely rewritten C run-time
library, some of the changes in which mean that work done to
resolve a socket "close()" bug in perl #120091 and perl #118059
is not workable in its current state with this version of VC++.
Therefore, we have effectively reverted that bug fix for VS2015
onwards on the basis that being able to build with VS2015
onwards is more important than keeping the bug fix. We may
revisit this in the future to attempt to fix the bug again in a
way that is compatible with VS2015.
These changes do not affect compilation with GCC or with Visual
Studio versions up to and including VS2013, i.e., the bug fix
is retained (unchanged) for those compilers.
Note that you may experience compatibility problems if you mix
a perl built with GCC or VS <= VS2013 with XS modules built
with VS2015, or if you mix a perl built with VS2015 with XS
modules built with GCC or VS <= VS2013. Some incompatibility
may arise because of the bug fix that has been reverted for
VS2015 builds of perl, but there may well be incompatibility
anyway because of the rewritten CRT in VS2015 (e.g., see
discussion at <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30412951>;).
o It now automatically detects GCC versus Visual C and sets the
VC version number on Win32.
Linux
Drop support for Linux a.out executable format. Linux has used ELF
for over twenty years.
OpenBSD 6
OpenBSD 6 still does not support returning "pid", "gid", or "uid"
with "SA_SIGINFO". Make sure to account for it.
FreeBSD
t/uni/overload.t: Skip hanging test on FreeBSD.
DragonFly BSD
DragonFly BSD now has support for "setproctitle()". [perl #130068]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130068>;.
Internal Changes
o A new API function "sv_setpv_bufsize()" allows simultaneously
setting the length and the allocated size of the buffer in an "SV",
growing the buffer if necessary.
o A new API macro "SvPVCLEAR()" sets its "SV" argument to an empty
string, like Perl-space "$x = ''", but with several optimisations.
o Several new macros and functions for dealing with Unicode and
UTF-8-encoded strings have been added to the API, as well as some
changes in the functionality of existing functions (see "Unicode
Support" in perlapi for more details):
o New versions of the API macros like "isALPHA_utf8" and
"toLOWER_utf8" have been added, each with the suffix "_safe",
like "isSPACE_utf8_safe". These take an extra parameter,
giving an upper limit of how far into the string it is safe to
read. Using the old versions could cause attempts to read
beyond the end of the input buffer if the UTF-8 is not well-
formed, and their use now raises a deprecation warning.
Details are at "Character classification" in perlapi.
o Macros like "isALPHA_utf8" and "toLOWER_utf8" now die if they
detect that their input UTF-8 is malformed. A deprecation
warning had been issued since Perl 5.18.
o Several new macros for analysing the validity of utf8
sequences. These are:
"UTF8_GOT_ABOVE_31_BIT" "UTF8_GOT_CONTINUATION"
"UTF8_GOT_EMPTY" "UTF8_GOT_LONG" "UTF8_GOT_NONCHAR"
"UTF8_GOT_NON_CONTINUATION" "UTF8_GOT_OVERFLOW"
"UTF8_GOT_SHORT" "UTF8_GOT_SUPER" "UTF8_GOT_SURROGATE"
"UTF8_IS_INVARIANT" "UTF8_IS_NONCHAR" "UTF8_IS_SUPER"
"UTF8_IS_SURROGATE" "UVCHR_IS_INVARIANT" "isUTF8_CHAR_flags"
"isSTRICT_UTF8_CHAR" "isC9_STRICT_UTF8_CHAR"
o Functions that are all extensions of the "is_utf8_string_*()"
functions, that apply various restrictions to the UTF-8
recognized as valid:
"is_strict_utf8_string", "is_strict_utf8_string_loc",
"is_strict_utf8_string_loclen",
"is_c9strict_utf8_string", "is_c9strict_utf8_string_loc",
"is_c9strict_utf8_string_loclen",
"is_utf8_string_flags", "is_utf8_string_loc_flags",
"is_utf8_string_loclen_flags",
"is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_flags",
"is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loc_flags",
"is_utf8_fixed_width_buf_loclen_flags".
"is_utf8_invariant_string". "is_utf8_valid_partial_char".
"is_utf8_valid_partial_char_flags".
o The functions "utf8n_to_uvchr" and its derivatives have had
several changes of behaviour.
Calling them, while passing a string length of 0 is now
asserted against in DEBUGGING builds, and otherwise, returns
the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. If you have nothing to
decode, you shouldn't call the decode function.
They now return the Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER if called
with UTF-8 that has the overlong malformation and that
malformation is allowed by the input parameters. This
malformation is where the UTF-8 looks valid syntactically, but
there is a shorter sequence that yields the same code point.
This has been forbidden since Unicode version 3.1.
They now accept an input flag to allow the overflow
malformation. This malformation is when the UTF-8 may be
syntactically valid, but the code point it represents is not
capable of being represented in the word length on the
platform. What "allowed" means, in this case, is that the
function doesn't return an error, and it advances the parse
pointer to beyond the UTF-8 in question, but it returns the
Unicode REPLACEMENT CHARACTER as the value of the code point
(since the real value is not representable).
They no longer abandon searching for other malformations when
the first one is encountered. A call to one of these functions
thus can generate multiple diagnostics, instead of just one.
o "valid_utf8_to_uvchr()" has been added to the API (although it
was present in core earlier). Like "utf8_to_uvchr_buf()", but
assumes that the next character is well-formed. Use with
caution.
o A new function, "utf8n_to_uvchr_error", has been added for use
by modules that need to know the details of UTF-8 malformations
beyond pass/fail. Previously, the only ways to know why a
sequence was ill-formed was to capture and parse the generated
diagnostics or to do your own analysis.
o There is now a safer version of utf8_hop(), called
"utf8_hop_safe()". Unlike utf8_hop(), utf8_hop_safe() won't
navigate before the beginning or after the end of the supplied
buffer.
o Two new functions, "utf8_hop_forward()" and "utf8_hop_back()"
are similar to "utf8_hop_safe()" but are for when you know
which direction you wish to travel.
o Two new macros which return useful utf8 byte sequences:
"BOM_UTF8"
"REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER_UTF8"
o Perl is now built with the "PERL_OP_PARENT" compiler define enabled
by default. To disable it, use the "PERL_NO_OP_PARENT" compiler
define. This flag alters how the "op_sibling" field is used in
"OP" structures, and has been available optionally since perl 5.22.
See "Internal Changes" in perl5220delta for more details of what
this build option does.
o Three new ops, "OP_ARGELEM", "OP_ARGDEFELEM", and "OP_ARGCHECK"
have been added. These are intended principally to implement the
individual elements of a subroutine signature, plus any overall
checking required.
o The "OP_PUSHRE" op has been eliminated and the "OP_SPLIT" op has
been changed from class "LISTOP" to "PMOP".
Formerly the first child of a split would be a "pushre", which
would have the "split"'s regex attached to it. Now the regex is
attached directly to the "split" op, and the "pushre" has been
eliminated.
o The "op_class()" API function has been added. This is like the
existing "OP_CLASS()" macro, but can more accurately determine what
struct an op has been allocated as. For example "OP_CLASS()" might
return "OA_BASEOP_OR_UNOP" indicating that ops of this type are
usually allocated as an "OP" or "UNOP"; while "op_class()" will
return "OPclass_BASEOP" or "OPclass_UNOP" as appropriate.
o All parts of the internals now agree that the "sassign" op is a
"BINOP"; previously it was listed as a "BASEOP" in regen/opcodes,
which meant that several parts of the internals had to be special-
cased to accommodate it. This oddity's original motivation was to
handle code like "$x ||= 1"; that is now handled in a simpler way.
o The output format of the "op_dump()" function (as used by "perl
-Dx") has changed: it now displays an "ASCII-art" tree structure,
and shows more low-level details about each op, such as its address
and class.
o The "PADOFFSET" type has changed from being unsigned to signed, and
several pad-related variables such as "PL_padix" have changed from
being of type "I32" to type "PADOFFSET".
o The "DEBUGGING"-mode output for regex compilation and execution has
been enhanced.
o Several obscure SV flags have been eliminated, sometimes along with
the macros which manipulate them: "SVpbm_VALID", "SVpbm_TAIL",
"SvTAIL_on", "SvTAIL_off", "SVrepl_EVAL", "SvEVALED".
o An OP "op_private" flag has been eliminated: "OPpRUNTIME". This
used to often get set on "PMOP" ops, but had become meaningless
over time.
Selected Bug Fixes
o Perl no longer panics when switching into some locales on machines
with buggy "strxfrm()" implementations in their libc. [perl
#121734] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=121734>;
o " $-{$name} " would leak an "AV" on each access if the regular
expression had no named captures. The same applies to access to
any hash tied with Tie::Hash::NamedCapture and "all => 1". [perl
#130822] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130822>;
o Attempting to use the deprecated variable $# as the object in an
indirect object method call could cause a heap use after free or
buffer overflow. [perl #129274]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129274>;
o When checking for an indirect object method call, in some rare
cases the parser could reallocate the line buffer but then continue
to use pointers to the old buffer. [perl #129190]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129190>;
o Supplying a glob as the format argument to "formline" would cause
an assertion failure. [perl #130722]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130722>;
o Code like " $value1 =~ qr/.../ ~~ $value2 " would have the match
converted into a "qr//" operator, leaving extra elements on the
stack to confuse any surrounding expression. [perl #130705]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130705>;
o Since v5.24 in some obscure cases, a regex which included code
blocks from multiple sources (e.g., via embedded via "qr//"
objects) could end up with the wrong current pad and crash or give
weird results. [perl #129881]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129881>;
o Occasionally "local()"s in a code block within a patterns weren't
being undone when the pattern matching backtracked over the code
block. [perl #126697]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126697>;
o Using "substr()" to modify a magic variable could access freed
memory in some cases. [perl #129340]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129340>;
o Under "use utf8", the entire source code is now checked for being
UTF-8 well formed, not just quoted strings as before. [perl
#126310] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126310>;.
o The range operator ".." on strings now handles its arguments
correctly when in the scope of the "unicode_strings" feature. The
previous behaviour was sufficiently unexpected that we believe no
correct program could have made use of it.
o The "split" operator did not ensure enough space was allocated for
its return value in scalar context. It could then write a single
pointer immediately beyond the end of the memory block allocated
for the stack. [perl #130262]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130262>;
o Using a large code point with the "W" pack template character with
the current output position aligned at just the right point could
cause a write of a single zero byte immediately beyond the end of
an allocated buffer. [perl #129149]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129149>;
o Supplying a format's picture argument as part of the format
argument list where the picture specifies modifying the argument
could cause an access to the new freed compiled form.at. [perl
#129125] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129125>;
o The sort() operator's built-in numeric comparison function didn't
handle large integers that weren't exactly representable by a
double. This now uses the same code used to implement the "<=>"
operator. [perl #130335]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130335>;
o Fix issues with "/(?{ ... <<EOF })/" that broke Method::Signatures.
[perl #130398]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130398>;
o Fixed an assertion failure with "chop" and "chomp", which could be
triggered by "chop(@x =~ tr/1/1/)". [perl #130198]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130198>;.
o Fixed a comment skipping error in patterns under "/x"; it could
stop skipping a byte early, which could be in the middle of a UTF-8
character. [perl #130495]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130495>;.
o perldb now ignores /dev/tty on non-Unix systems. [perl #113960]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=113960>;;
o Fix assertion failure for "{}->$x" when $x isn't defined. [perl
#130496] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130496>;.
o Fix an assertion error which could be triggered when a lookahead
string in patterns exceeded a minimum length. [perl #130522]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130522>;.
o Only warn once per literal number about a misplaced "_". [perl
#70878] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=70878>;.
o The "tr///" parse code could be looking at uninitialized data after
a perse error. [perl #129342]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129342>;.
o In a pattern match, a back-reference ("\1") to an unmatched capture
could read back beyond the start of the string being matched.
[perl #129377]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129377>;.
o "use re 'strict'" is supposed to warn if you use a range (such as
"/(?[ [ X-Y ] ])/") whose start and end digit aren't from the same
group of 10. It didn't do that for five groups of mathematical
digits starting at "U+1D7E".
o A sub containing a "forward" declaration with the same name (e.g.,
"sub c { sub c; }") could sometimes crash or loop infinitely.
[perl #129090]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129090>;
o A crash in executing a regex with a non-anchored UTF-8 substring
against a target string that also used UTF-8 has been fixed. [perl
#129350] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129350>;
o Previously, a shebang line like "#!perl -i u" could be erroneously
interpreted as requesting the "-u" option. This has been fixed.
[perl #129336]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129336>;
o The regex engine was previously producing incorrect results in some
rare situations when backtracking past an alternation that matches
only one thing; this showed up as capture buffers ($1, $2, etc.)
erroneously containing data from regex execution paths that weren't
actually executed for the final match. [perl #129897]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129897>;
o Certain regexes making use of the experimental "regex_sets" feature
could trigger an assertion failure. This has been fixed. [perl
#129322] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129322>;
o Invalid assignments to a reference constructor (e.g., "\eval=time")
could sometimes crash in addition to giving a syntax error. [perl
#125679] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=125679>;
o The parser could sometimes crash if a bareword came after
"evalbytes". [perl #129196]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129196>;
o Autoloading via a method call would warn erroneously ("Use of
inherited AUTOLOAD for non-method") if there was a stub present in
the package into which the invocant had been blessed. The warning
is no longer emitted in such circumstances. [perl #47047]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=47047>;
o The use of "splice" on arrays with non-existent elements could
cause other operators to crash. [perl #129164]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129164>;
o A possible buffer overrun when a pattern contains a fixed utf8
substring. [perl #129012]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129012>;
o Fixed two possible use-after-free bugs in perl's lexer. [perl
#129069] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129069>;
o Fixed a crash with "s///l" where it thought it was dealing with
UTF-8 when it wasn't. [perl #129038]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129038>;
o Fixed a place where the regex parser was not setting the syntax
error correctly on a syntactically incorrect pattern. [perl
#129122] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129122>;
o The "&." operator (and the "&" operator, when it treats its
arguments as strings) were failing to append a trailing null byte
if at least one string was marked as utf8 internally. Many code
paths (system calls, regexp compilation) still expect there to be a
null byte in the string buffer just past the end of the logical
string. An assertion failure was the result. [perl #129287]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129287>;
o Avoid a heap-after-use error in the parser when creating an error
messge for a syntactically invalid heredoc. [perl #128988]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128988>;
o Fix a segfault when run with "-DC" options on DEBUGGING builds.
[perl #129106]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129106>;
o Fixed the parser error handling in subroutine attributes for an
'":attr(foo"' that does not have an ending '")"'.
o Fix the perl lexer to correctly handle a backslash as the last char
in quoted-string context. This actually fixed two bugs, [perl
#129064] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129064>;
and [perl #129176]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129176>;.
o In the API function "gv_fetchmethod_pvn_flags", rework separator
parsing to prevent possible string overrun with an invalid "len"
argument. [perl #129267]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129267>;
o Problems with in-place array sorts: code like "@a = sort { ... }
@a", where the source and destination of the sort are the same
plain array, are optimised to do less copying around. Two side-
effects of this optimisation were that the contents of @a as seen
by sort routines were partially sorted; and under some
circumstances accessing @a during the sort could crash the
interpreter. Both these issues have been fixed, and Sort functions
see the original value of @a. [perl #128340]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128340>;
o Non-ASCII string delimiters are now reported correctly in error
messages for unterminated strings. [perl #128701]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128701>;
o "pack("p", ...)" used to emit its warning ("Attempt to pack pointer
to temporary value") erroneously in some cases, but has been fixed.
o @DB::args is now exempt from "used once" warnings. The warnings
only occurred under -w, because warnings.pm itself uses @DB::args
multiple times.
o The use of built-in arrays or hash slices in a double-quoted string
no longer issues a warning ("Possible unintended interpolation...")
if the variable has not been mentioned before. This affected code
like "qq|@DB::args|" and "qq|@SIG{'CHLD', 'HUP'}|". (The special
variables "@-" and "@+" were already exempt from the warning.)
o "gethostent" and similar functions now perform a null check
internally, to avoid crashing with the torsocks library. This was
a regression from v5.22. [perl #128740]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128740>;
o "defined *{'!'}", "defined *{'['}", and "defined *{'-'}" no longer
leak memory if the typeglob in question has never been accessed
before.
o Mentioning the same constant twice in a row (which is a syntax
error) no longer fails an assertion under debugging builds. This
was a regression from v5.20. [perl #126482]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126482>;
o Many issues relating to "printf "%a"" of hexadecimal floating point
were fixed. In addition, the "subnormals" (formerly known as
"denormals") floating point numbers are now supported both with the
plain IEEE 754 floating point numbers (64-bit or 128-bit) and the
x86 80-bit "extended precision". Note that subnormal hexadecimal
floating point literals will give a warning about "exponent
underflow". [perl #128843]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128843>; [perl
#128889] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128889>;
[perl #128890]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128890>; [perl
#128893] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128893>;
[perl #128909]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128909>; [perl
#128919] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128919>;
o A regression in v5.24 with "tr/\N{U+...}/foo/" when the code point
was between 128 and 255 has been fixed. [perl #128734]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128734>;.
o Use of a string delimiter whose code point is above 2**31 now works
correctly on platforms that allow this. Previously, certain
characters, due to truncation, would be confused with other
delimiter characters with special meaning (such as "?" in
"m?...?"), resulting in inconsistent behaviour. Note that this is
non-portable, and is based on Perl's extension to UTF-8, and is
probably not displayable nor enterable by any editor. [perl
#128738] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128738>;
o "@{x" followed by a newline where "x" represents a control or non-
ASCII character no longer produces a garbled syntax error message
or a crash. [perl #128951]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128951>;
o An assertion failure with "%: = 0" has been fixed. [perl #128238]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128238>;
o In Perl 5.18, the parsing of "$foo::$bar" was accidentally changed,
such that it would be treated as "$foo."::".$bar". The previous
behavior, which was to parse it as "$foo:: . $bar", has been
restored. [perl #128478]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128478>;
o Since Perl 5.20, line numbers have been off by one when perl is
invoked with the -x switch. This has been fixed. [perl #128508]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128508>;
o Vivifying a subroutine stub in a deleted stash (e.g., "delete
$My::{"Foo::"}; \&My::Foo::foo") no longer crashes. It had begun
crashing in Perl 5.18. [perl #128532]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128532>;
o Some obscure cases of subroutines and file handles being freed at
the same time could result in crashes, but have been fixed. The
crash was introduced in Perl 5.22. [perl #128597]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128597>;
o Code that looks for a variable name associated with an
uninitialized value could cause an assertion failure in cases where
magic is involved, such as $ISA[0][0]. This has now been fixed.
[perl #128253]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128253>;
o A crash caused by code generating the warning "Subroutine
STASH::NAME redefined" in cases such as "sub P::f{} undef *P::;
*P::f =sub{};" has been fixed. In these cases, where the STASH is
missing, the warning will now appear as "Subroutine NAME
redefined". [perl #128257]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128257>;
o Fixed an assertion triggered by some code that handles deprecated
behavior in formats, e.g., in cases like this:
format STDOUT =
@
0"$x"
[perl #128255]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128255>;
o A possible divide by zero in string transformation code on Windows
has been avoided, fixing a crash when collating an empty string.
[perl #128618]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128618>;
o Some regular expression parsing glitches could lead to assertion
failures with regular expressions such as "/(?<=/" and "/(?<!/".
This has now been fixed. [perl #128170]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128170>;
o " until ($x = 1) { ... } " and " ... until $x = 1 " now properly
warn when syntax warnings are enabled. [perl #127333]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127333>;
o socket() now leaves the error code returned by the system in $! on
failure. [perl #128316]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128316>;
o Assignment variants of any bitwise ops under the "bitwise" feature
would crash if the left-hand side was an array or hash. [perl
#128204] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128204>;
o "require" followed by a single colon (as in "foo() ? require : ..."
is now parsed correctly as "require" with implicit $_, rather than
"require """. [perl #128307]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128307>;
o Scalar "keys %hash" can now be assigned to consistently in all
scalar lvalue contexts. Previously it worked for some contexts but
not others.
o List assignment to "vec" or "substr" with an array or hash for its
first argument used to result in crashes or "Can't coerce" error
messages at run time, unlike scalar assignment, which would give an
error at compile time. List assignment now gives a compile-time
error, too. [perl #128260]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128260>;
o Expressions containing an "&&" or "||" operator (or their synonyms
"and" and "or") were being compiled incorrectly in some cases. If
the left-hand side consisted of either a negated bareword constant
or a negated "do {}" block containing a constant expression, and
the right-hand side consisted of a negated non-foldable expression,
one of the negations was effectively ignored. The same was true of
"if" and "unless" statement modifiers, though with the left-hand
and right-hand sides swapped. This long-standing bug has now been
fixed. [perl #127952]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127952>;
o "reset" with an argument no longer crashes when encountering stash
entries other than globs. [perl #128106]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128106>;
o Assignment of hashes to, and deletion of, typeglobs named *::::::
no longer causes crashes. [perl #128086]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128086>;
o Perl wasn't correctly handling true/false values in the LHS of a
list assign; specifically the truth values returned by boolean
operators. This could trigger an assertion failure in something
like the following:
for ($x > $y) {
($_, ...) = (...); # here $_ is aliased to a truth value
}
This was a regression from v5.24. [perl #129991]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129991>;
o Assertion failure with user-defined Unicode-like properties. [perl
#130010] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=130010>;
o Fix error message for unclosed "\N{" in a regex. An unclosed "\N{"
could give the wrong error message: "\N{NAME} must be resolved by
the lexer".
o List assignment in list context where the LHS contained aggregates
and where there were not enough RHS elements, used to skip scalar
lvalues. Previously, "(($a,$b,@c,$d) = (1))" in list context
returned "($a)"; now it returns "($a,$b,$d)". "(($a,$b,$c) = (1))"
is unchanged: it still returns "($a,$b,$c)". This can be seen in
the following:
sub inc { $_++ for @_ }
inc(($a,$b,@c,$d) = (10))
Formerly, the values of "($a,$b,$d)" would be left as
"(11,undef,undef)"; now they are "(11,1,1)".
o Code like this: "/(?{ s!!! })/" could trigger infinite recursion on
the C stack (not the normal perl stack) when the last successful
pattern in scope is itself. We avoid the segfault by simply
forbidding the use of the empty pattern when it would resolve to
the currently executing pattern. [perl #129903]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129903>;
o Avoid reading beyond the end of the line buffer in perl's lexer
when there's a short UTF-8 character at the end. [perl #128997]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128997>;
o Alternations in regular expressions were sometimes failing to match
a utf8 string against a utf8 alternate. [perl #129950]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129950>;
o Make "do "a\0b"" fail silently (and return "undef" and set $!)
instead of throwing an error. [perl #129928]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129928>;
o "chdir" with no argument didn't ensure that there was stack space
available for returning its result. [perl #129130]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=129130>;
o All error messages related to "do" now refer to "do"; some formerly
claimed to be from "require" instead.
o Executing "undef $x" where $x is tied or magical no longer
incorrectly blames the variable for an uninitialized-value warning
encountered by the tied/magical code.
o Code like "$x = $x . "a"" was incorrectly failing to yield a use of
uninitialized value warning when $x was a lexical variable with an
undefined value. That has now been fixed. [perl #127877]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=127877>;
o "undef *_; shift" or "undef *_; pop" inside a subroutine, with no
argument to "shift" or "pop", began crashing in Perl 5.14, but has
now been fixed.
o "string$scalar->$*" now correctly prefers concatenation overloading
to string overloading if "$scalar->$*" returns an overloaded
object, bringing it into consistency with $$scalar.
o "/@0{0*->@*/*0" and similar contortions used to crash, but no
longer do, but merely produce a syntax error. [perl #128171]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128171>;
o "do" or "require" with an argument which is a reference or typeglob
which, when stringified, contains a null character, started
crashing in Perl 5.20, but has now been fixed. [perl #128182]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128182>;
o Improve the error message for a missing "tie()" package/method.
This brings the error messages in line with the ones used for
normal method calls.
o Parsing bad POSIX charclasses no longer leaks memory. [perl
#128313] <https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=128313>;
Known Problems
o G++ 6 handles subnormal (denormal) floating point values
differently than gcc 6 or g++ 5 resulting in "flush-to-zero". The
end result is that if you specify very small values using the
hexadecimal floating point format, like "0x1.fffffffffffffp-1022",
they become zeros. [perl #131388]
<https://rt.perl.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=131388>;
Errata From Previous Releases
o Fixed issues with recursive regexes. The behavior was fixed in
Perl 5.24. [perl #126182]
<https://rt.perl.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=126182>;
Obituary
Jon Portnoy (AVENJ), a prolific Perl author and admired Gentoo
community member, has passed away on August 10, 2016. He will be
remembered and missed by all those who he came in contact with, and
enriched with his intellect, wit, and spirit.
It is with great sadness that we also note Kip Hampton's passing.
Probably best known as the author of the Perl & XML column on XML.com,
he was a core contributor to AxKit, an XML server platform that became
an Apache Foundation project. He was a frequent speaker in the early
days at OSCON, and most recently at YAPC::NA in Madison. He was
frequently on irc.perl.org as ubu, generally in the #axkit-dahut
community, the group responsible for YAPC::NA Asheville in 2011.
Kip and his constant contributions to the community will be greatly
missed.
Acknowledgements
Perl 5.26.0 represents approximately 13 months of development since
Perl 5.24.0 and contains approximately 360,000 lines of changes across
2,600 files from 86 authors.
Excluding auto-generated files, documentation and release tools, there
were approximately 230,000 lines of changes to 1,800 .pm, .t, .c and .h
files.
Perl continues to flourish into its third decade thanks to a vibrant
community of users and developers. The following people are known to
have contributed the improvements that became Perl 5.26.0:
Aaron Crane, Abigail, AEvar Arnfjoer` Bjarmason, Alex Vandiver, Andreas
Koenig, Andreas Voegele, Andrew Fresh, Andy Lester, Aristotle
Pagaltzis, Chad Granum, Chase Whitener, Chris 'BinGOs' Williams, Chris
Lamb, Christian Hansen, Christian Millour, Colin Newell, Craig A.
Berry, Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsaaker, Dan Collins, Daniel Dragan, Dave
Cross, Dave Rolsky, David Golden, David H. Gutteridge, David Mitchell,
Dominic Hargreaves, Doug Bell, E. Choroba, Ed Avis, Father
Chrysostomos, Francois Perrad, Hauke D, H.Merijn Brand, Hugo van der
Sanden, Ivan Pozdeev, James E Keenan, James Raspass, Jarkko Hietaniemi,
Jerry D. Hedden, Jim Cromie, J. Nick Koston, John Lightsey, Karen
Etheridge, Karl Williamson, Leon Timmermans, Lukas Mai, Matthew
Horsfall, Maxwell Carey, Misty De Meo, Neil Bowers, Nicholas Clark,
Nicolas R., Niko Tyni, Pali, Paul Marquess, Peter Avalos, Petr PisaX,
Pino Toscano, Rafael Garcia-Suarez, Reini Urban, Renee Baecker, Ricardo
Signes, Richard Levitte, Rick Delaney, Salvador Fandin~o, Samuel
Thibault, Sawyer X, Sebastien Aperghis-Tramoni, Sergey Aleynikov,
Shlomi Fish, Smylers, Stefan Seifert, Steffen Mueller, Stevan Little,
Steve Hay, Steven Humphrey, Sullivan Beck, Theo Buehler, Thomas Sibley,
Todd Rinaldo, Tomasz Konojacki, Tony Cook, Unicode Consortium, Yaroslav
Kuzmin, Yves Orton, Zefram.
The list above is almost certainly incomplete as it is automatically
generated from version control history. In particular, it does not
include the names of the (very much appreciated) contributors who
reported issues to the Perl bug tracker.
Many of the changes included in this version originated in the CPAN
modules included in Perl's core. We're grateful to the entire CPAN
community for helping Perl to flourish.
For a more complete list of all of Perl's historical contributors,
please see the AUTHORS file in the Perl source distribution.
Reporting Bugs
If you find what you think is a bug, you might check the perl bug
database at <https://rt.perl.org/>;. There may also be information at
<http://www.perl.org/>;, the Perl Home Page.
If you believe you have an unreported bug, please run the perlbug
program included with your release. Be sure to trim your bug down to a
tiny but sufficient test case. Your bug report, along with the output
of "perl -V", will be sent off to "perlbug AT perl.org" to be analysed by
the Perl porting team.
If the bug you are reporting has security implications which make it
inappropriate to send to a publicly archived mailing list, then see
"SECURITY VULNERABILITY CONTACT INFORMATION" in perlsec for details of
how to report the issue.
Give Thanks
If you wish to thank the Perl 5 Porters for the work we had done in
Perl 5, you can do so by running the "perlthanks" program:
perlthanks
This will send an email to the Perl 5 Porters list with your show of
thanks.
SEE ALSO
The Changes file for an explanation of how to view exhaustive details
on what changed.
The INSTALL file for how to build Perl.
The README file for general stuff.
The Artistic and Copying files for copyright information.
perl v5.26.3 2018-03-23 PERL5260DELTA(1)
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