OPENSSL(1) OpenSSL OPENSSL(1)
NAME
openssl - OpenSSL command line tool
SYNOPSIS
openssl command [ command_opts ] [ command_args ]
openssl list [ standard-commands | digest-commands | cipher-commands |
cipher-algorithms | digest-algorithms | public-key-algorithms]
openssl no-XXX [ arbitrary options ]
DESCRIPTION
OpenSSL is a cryptography toolkit implementing the Secure Sockets Layer
(SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) network protocols and
related cryptography standards required by them.
The openssl program is a command line tool for using the various
cryptography functions of OpenSSL's crypto library from the shell. It
can be used for
o Creation and management of private keys, public keys and parameters
o Public key cryptographic operations
o Creation of X.509 certificates, CSRs and CRLs
o Calculation of Message Digests
o Encryption and Decryption with Ciphers
o SSL/TLS Client and Server Tests
o Handling of S/MIME signed or encrypted mail
o Time Stamp requests, generation and verification
COMMAND SUMMARY
The openssl program provides a rich variety of commands (command in the
SYNOPSIS above), each of which often has a wealth of options and
arguments (command_opts and command_args in the SYNOPSIS).
Detailed documentation and use cases for most standard subcommands are
available (e.g., x509(1) or openssl-x509(1)).
Many commands use an external configuration file for some or all of
their arguments and have a -config option to specify that file. The
environment variable OPENSSL_CONF can be used to specify the location
of the file. If the environment variable is not specified, then the
file is named openssl.cnf in the default certificate storage area,
whose value depends on the configuration flags specified when the
OpenSSL was built.
The list parameters standard-commands, digest-commands, and cipher-
commands output a list (one entry per line) of the names of all
standard commands, message digest commands, or cipher commands,
respectively, that are available in the present openssl utility.
The list parameters cipher-algorithms and digest-algorithms list all
cipher and message digest names, one entry per line. Aliases are listed
as:
from => to
The list parameter public-key-algorithms lists all supported public key
algorithms.
The command no-XXX tests whether a command of the specified name is
available. If no command named XXX exists, it returns 0 (success) and
prints no-XXX; otherwise it returns 1 and prints XXX. In both cases,
the output goes to stdout and nothing is printed to stderr. Additional
command line arguments are always ignored. Since for each cipher there
is a command of the same name, this provides an easy way for shell
scripts to test for the availability of ciphers in the openssl program.
(no-XXX is not able to detect pseudo-commands such as quit, list, or
no-XXX itself.)
Standard Commands
asn1parse
Parse an ASN.1 sequence.
ca Certificate Authority (CA) Management.
ciphers
Cipher Suite Description Determination.
cms CMS (Cryptographic Message Syntax) utility.
crl Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Management.
crl2pkcs7
CRL to PKCS#7 Conversion.
dgst
Message Digest Calculation.
dh Diffie-Hellman Parameter Management. Obsoleted by dhparam(1).
dhparam
Generation and Management of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Superseded
by genpkey(1) and pkeyparam(1).
dsa DSA Data Management.
dsaparam
DSA Parameter Generation and Management. Superseded by genpkey(1)
and pkeyparam(1).
ec EC (Elliptic curve) key processing.
ecparam
EC parameter manipulation and generation.
enc Encoding with Ciphers.
engine
Engine (loadable module) information and manipulation.
errstr
Error Number to Error String Conversion.
gendh
Generation of Diffie-Hellman Parameters. Obsoleted by dhparam(1).
gendsa
Generation of DSA Private Key from Parameters. Superseded by
genpkey(1) and pkey(1).
genpkey
Generation of Private Key or Parameters.
genrsa
Generation of RSA Private Key. Superseded by genpkey(1).
nseq
Create or examine a Netscape certificate sequence.
ocsp
Online Certificate Status Protocol utility.
passwd
Generation of hashed passwords.
pkcs12
PKCS#12 Data Management.
pkcs7
PKCS#7 Data Management.
pkcs8
PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool.
pkey
Public and private key management.
pkeyparam
Public key algorithm parameter management.
pkeyutl
Public key algorithm cryptographic operation utility.
prime
Compute prime numbers.
rand
Generate pseudo-random bytes.
rehash
Create symbolic links to certificate and CRL files named by the
hash values.
req PKCS#10 X.509 Certificate Signing Request (CSR) Management.
rsa RSA key management.
rsautl
RSA utility for signing, verification, encryption, and decryption.
Superseded by pkeyutl(1).
s_client
This implements a generic SSL/TLS client which can establish a
transparent connection to a remote server speaking SSL/TLS. It's
intended for testing purposes only and provides only rudimentary
interface functionality but internally uses mostly all
functionality of the OpenSSL ssl library.
s_server
This implements a generic SSL/TLS server which accepts connections
from remote clients speaking SSL/TLS. It's intended for testing
purposes only and provides only rudimentary interface functionality
but internally uses mostly all functionality of the OpenSSL ssl
library. It provides both an own command line oriented protocol
for testing SSL functions and a simple HTTP response facility to
emulate an SSL/TLS-aware webserver.
s_time
SSL Connection Timer.
sess_id
SSL Session Data Management.
smime
S/MIME mail processing.
speed
Algorithm Speed Measurement.
spkac
SPKAC printing and generating utility.
srp Maintain SRP password file.
storeutl
Utility to list and display certificates, keys, CRLs, etc.
ts Time Stamping Authority tool (client/server).
verify
X.509 Certificate Verification.
version
OpenSSL Version Information.
x509
X.509 Certificate Data Management.
Message Digest Commands
blake2b512
BLAKE2b-512 Digest
blake2s256
BLAKE2s-256 Digest
md2 MD2 Digest
md4 MD4 Digest
md5 MD5 Digest
mdc2
MDC2 Digest
rmd160
RMD-160 Digest
sha1
SHA-1 Digest
sha224
SHA-2 224 Digest
sha256
SHA-2 256 Digest
sha384
SHA-2 384 Digest
sha512
SHA-2 512 Digest
sha3-224
SHA-3 224 Digest
sha3-256
SHA-3 256 Digest
sha3-384
SHA-3 384 Digest
sha3-512
SHA-3 512 Digest
shake128
SHA-3 SHAKE128 Digest
shake256
SHA-3 SHAKE256 Digest
sm3 SM3 Digest
Encoding and Cipher Commands
The following aliases provide convenient access to the most used
encodings and ciphers.
Depending on how OpenSSL was configured and built, not all ciphers
listed here may be present. See enc(1) for more information and command
usage.
aes128, aes-128-cbc, aes-128-cfb, aes-128-ctr, aes-128-ecb, aes-128-ofb
AES-128 Cipher
aes192, aes-192-cbc, aes-192-cfb, aes-192-ctr, aes-192-ecb, aes-192-ofb
AES-192 Cipher
aes256, aes-256-cbc, aes-256-cfb, aes-256-ctr, aes-256-ecb, aes-256-ofb
AES-256 Cipher
aria128, aria-128-cbc, aria-128-cfb, aria-128-ctr, aria-128-ecb,
aria-128-ofb
Aria-128 Cipher
aria192, aria-192-cbc, aria-192-cfb, aria-192-ctr, aria-192-ecb,
aria-192-ofb
Aria-192 Cipher
aria256, aria-256-cbc, aria-256-cfb, aria-256-ctr, aria-256-ecb,
aria-256-ofb
Aria-256 Cipher
base64
Base64 Encoding
bf, bf-cbc, bf-cfb, bf-ecb, bf-ofb
Blowfish Cipher
camellia128, camellia-128-cbc, camellia-128-cfb, camellia-128-ctr,
camellia-128-ecb, camellia-128-ofb
Camellia-128 Cipher
camellia192, camellia-192-cbc, camellia-192-cfb, camellia-192-ctr,
camellia-192-ecb, camellia-192-ofb
Camellia-192 Cipher
camellia256, camellia-256-cbc, camellia-256-cfb, camellia-256-ctr,
camellia-256-ecb, camellia-256-ofb
Camellia-256 Cipher
cast, cast-cbc
CAST Cipher
cast5-cbc, cast5-cfb, cast5-ecb, cast5-ofb
CAST5 Cipher
chacha20
Chacha20 Cipher
des, des-cbc, des-cfb, des-ecb, des-ede, des-ede-cbc, des-ede-cfb, des-
ede-ofb, des-ofb
DES Cipher
des3, desx, des-ede3, des-ede3-cbc, des-ede3-cfb, des-ede3-ofb
Triple-DES Cipher
idea, idea-cbc, idea-cfb, idea-ecb, idea-ofb
IDEA Cipher
rc2, rc2-cbc, rc2-cfb, rc2-ecb, rc2-ofb
RC2 Cipher
rc4 RC4 Cipher
rc5, rc5-cbc, rc5-cfb, rc5-ecb, rc5-ofb
RC5 Cipher
seed, seed-cbc, seed-cfb, seed-ecb, seed-ofb
SEED Cipher
sm4, sm4-cbc, sm4-cfb, sm4-ctr, sm4-ecb, sm4-ofb
SM4 Cipher
OPTIONS
Details of which options are available depend on the specific command.
This section describes some common options with common behavior.
Common Options
-help
Provides a terse summary of all options.
Pass Phrase Options
Several commands accept password arguments, typically using -passin and
-passout for input and output passwords respectively. These allow the
password to be obtained from a variety of sources. Both of these
options take a single argument whose format is described below. If no
password argument is given and a password is required then the user is
prompted to enter one: this will typically be read from the current
terminal with echoing turned off.
Note that character encoding may be relevant, please see
passphrase-encoding(7).
pass:password
The actual password is password. Since the password is visible to
utilities (like 'ps' under Unix) this form should only be used
where security is not important.
env:var
Obtain the password from the environment variable var. Since the
environment of other processes is visible on certain platforms
(e.g. ps under certain Unix OSes) this option should be used with
caution.
file:pathname
The first line of pathname is the password. If the same pathname
argument is supplied to -passin and -passout arguments then the
first line will be used for the input password and the next line
for the output password. pathname need not refer to a regular file:
it could for example refer to a device or named pipe.
fd:number
Read the password from the file descriptor number. This can be used
to send the data via a pipe for example.
stdin
Read the password from standard input.
SEE ALSO
asn1parse(1), ca(1), ciphers(1), cms(1), config(5), crl(1),
crl2pkcs7(1), dgst(1), dhparam(1), dsa(1), dsaparam(1), ec(1),
ecparam(1), enc(1), engine(1), errstr(1), gendsa(1), genpkey(1),
genrsa(1), nseq(1), ocsp(1), pkcs12(1), pkcs7(1), pkcs8(1), pkey(1),
pkeyparam(1), pkeyutl(1), prime(1), rehash(1), req(1), rsa(1),
rsautl(1), s_client(1), s_server(1), s_time(1), sess_id(1), smime(1),
speed(1), spkac(1), srp(1), storeutl(1), sslpasswd(1), sslrand(1),
ts(1), verify(1), version(1), x509(1), crypto(7), ssl(7),
x509v3_config(5)
HISTORY
The list-XXX-algorithms pseudo-commands were added in OpenSSL 1.0.0;
For notes on the availability of other commands, see their individual
manual pages.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2000-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the "License"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>;.
1.1.1k 2024-10-09 OPENSSL(1)
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