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LOADKEYS(1)                 General Commands Manual                LOADKEYS(1)
NAME
       loadkeys - load keyboard translation tables
SYNOPSIS
       loadkeys  [  -a --ascii ] [ [ -b --bkeymap ] [ -c --clearcompose ] [ -C
       '<FILE>' | --console=<FILE> ] [ -d --default ]  [  -h  --help  ]  [  -m
       --mktable  ]  [  -p --parse ] [ -q --quiet ] [ -s --clearstrings ] [ -u
       --unicode ] [ -v --verbose ] [ -V --version ] [ filename...  ]
DESCRIPTION
       The program loadkeys reads the file or files specified by  filename....
       Its main purpose is to load the kernel keymap for the console.  You can
       specify console device by the -C (or --console ) option.
RESET TO DEFAULT
       If the -d (or --default ) option is given,  loadkeys  loads  a  default
       keymap,  probably  the file defkeymap.map either in /lib/kbd/keymaps or
       in /usr/src/linux/drivers/char.  (Probably the former was user-defined,
       while  the latter is a qwerty keyboard map for PCs - maybe not what was
       desired.)  Sometimes, with a strange keymap loaded (with the  minus  on
       some  obscure unknown modifier combination) it is easier to type `load-
       keys defkeymap'.
LOAD KERNEL KEYMAP
       The main function of  loadkeys  is  to  load  or  modify  the  keyboard
       driver's  translation tables.  When specifying the file names, standard
       input can be denoted by dash (-). If no file is specified, the data  is
       read from the standard input.
       For many countries and keyboard types appropriate keymaps are available
       already, and a command like `loadkeys uk' might do what  you  want.  On
       the  other hand, it is easy to construct one's own keymap. The user has
       to tell what symbols belong to each key. She can find the keycode for a
       key  by  use  of  showkey(1),  while  the  keymap  format  is  given in
       keymaps(5) and can also be seen from the output of dumpkeys(1).
LOAD KERNEL ACCENT TABLE
       If the input file does not contain any  compose  key  definitions,  the
       kernel accent table is left unchanged, unless the -c (or --clearcompose
       ) option is given, in which case the kernel accent  table  is  emptied.
       If  the  input  file does contain compose key definitions, then all old
       definitions are removed, and replaced by  the  specified  new  entries.
       The  kernel  accent  table  is  a  sequence  of (by default 68) entries
       describing how dead diacritical signs and  compose  keys  behave.   For
       example, a line
              compose ',' 'c' to ccedilla
       means that <ComposeKey><,><c> must be combined to <ccedilla>.  The cur-
       rent content of this table can be see using `dumpkeys --compose-only'.
LOAD KERNEL STRING TABLE
       The option -s (or --clearstrings ) clears the kernel string  table.  If
       this  option  is  not given, loadkeys will only add or replace strings,
       not remove them.  (Thus, the option -s is required  to  reach  a  well-
       defined  state.)  The kernel string table is a sequence of strings with
       names like F31. One can make function key F5 (on an  ordinary  PC  key-
       board) produce the text `Hello!', and Shift+F5 `Goodbye!' using lines
              keycode 63 = F70 F71
              string F70 = "Hello!"
              string F71 = "Goodbye!"
       in  the keymap.  The default bindings for the function keys are certain
       escape sequences mostly inspired by the VT100 terminal.
CREATE KERNEL SOURCE TABLE
       If the -m (or --mktable ) option is given loadkeys prints to the  stan-
       dard  output  a  file  that may be used as /usr/src/linux/drivers/char-
       /defkeymap.c, specifying the default key bindings  for  a  kernel  (and
       does not modify the current keymap).
CREATE BINARY KEYMAP
       If  the -b (or --bkeymap ) option is given loadkeys prints to the stan-
       dard output a file that may be used as a binary keymap as  expected  by
       Busybox loadkmap command (and does not modify the current keymap).
UNICODE MODE
       loadkeys  automatically  detects  whether  the console is in Unicode or
       ASCII (XLATE) mode.  When a keymap is loaded, literal keysyms (such  as
       section)  are  resolved accordingly; numerical keysyms are converted to
       fit the current console mode, regardless of the way they are  specified
       (decimal, octal, hexadecimal or Unicode).
       The  -u (or --unicode) switch forces loadkeys to convert all keymaps to
       Unicode.  If the keyboard is in a  non-Unicode  mode,  such  as  XLATE,
       loadkeys  will  change  it to Unicode for the time of its execution.  A
       warning message will be printed in this case.
       It is recommended to run kbd_mode(1) before loadkeys instead  of  using
       the -u option.
OTHER OPTIONS
       -a --ascii
              Force conversion to ASCII.
       -h --help
              loadkeys  prints its version number and a short usage message to
              the programs standard error output and exits.
       -p --parse
              loadkeys searchs and parses keymap without action.
       -q --quiet
              loadkeys suppresses all normal output.
       -V --version
              loadkeys prints version number and exits.
WARNING
       Note that anyone having read access to /dev/console  can  run  loadkeys
       and  thus change the keyboard layout, possibly making it unusable. Note
       that the keyboard translation table is common for all the virtual  con-
       soles,  so  any changes to the keyboard bindings affect all the virtual
       consoles simultaneously.
       Note that because the changes affect all  the  virtual  consoles,  they
       also outlive your session. This means that even at the login prompt the
       key bindings may not be what the user expects.
FILES
       /lib/kbd/keymaps
              default directory for keymaps
       /usr/src/linux/drivers/char/defkeymap.map
              default kernel keymap
SEE ALSO
       dumpkeys(1), keymaps(5)
                                  6 Feb 1994                       LOADKEYS(1)