IP-LINK(8) Linux IP-LINK(8)
NAME
ip-link - network device configuration
SYNOPSIS
ip link { COMMAND | help }
ip link add [ link DEVICE ] [ name ] NAME
[ txqueuelen PACKETS ]
[ address LLADDR ] [ broadcast LLADDR ]
[ mtu MTU ] [ index IDX ]
[ numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ] [ numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT ]
type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link delete { DEVICE | group GROUP } type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link set { DEVICE | group GROUP }
[ { up | down } ]
[ type ETYPE TYPE_ARGS ]
[ arp { on | off } ]
[ dynamic { on | off } ]
[ multicast { on | off } ]
[ allmulticast { on | off } ]
[ promisc { on | off } ]
[ protodown { on | off } ]
[ trailers { on | off } ]
[ txqueuelen PACKETS ]
[ name NEWNAME ]
[ address LLADDR ]
[ broadcast LLADDR ]
[ mtu MTU ]
[ netns { PID | NETNSNAME } ]
[ link-netnsid ID ]
[ alias NAME ]
[ vf NUM [ mac LLADDR ]
[ VFVLAN-LIST ]
[ rate TXRATE ]
[ max_tx_rate TXRATE ]
[ min_tx_rate TXRATE ]
[ spoofchk { on | off } ]
[ query_rss { on | off } ]
[ state { auto | enable | disable } ]
[ trust { on | off } ]
[ node_guid eui64 ]
[ port_guid eui64 ] ]
[ xdp { off |
object FILE [ section NAME ] [ verbose ] |
pinned FILE } ]
[ master DEVICE ]
[ nomaster ]
[ vrf NAME ]
[ addrgenmode { eui64 | none | stable_secret | random } ]
[ macaddr { flush | { add | del } MACADDR | set [ MACADDR [
MACADDR [ ... ] ] ] } ]
ip link show [ DEVICE | group GROUP ] [ up ] [ master DEVICE ] [ type
ETYPE ] [ vrf NAME ]
ip link xstats type TYPE [ ARGS ]
ip link afstats [ dev DEVICE ]
ip link help [ TYPE ]
TYPE := [ bridge | bond | can | dummy | hsr | ifb | ipoib | macvlan |
macvtap | vcan | veth | vlan | vxlan | ip6tnl | ipip | sit |
gre | gretap | ip6gre | ip6gretap | vti | nlmon | ipvlan | low-
pan | geneve | vrf | macsec ]
ETYPE := [ TYPE | bridge_slave | bond_slave ]
VFVLAN-LIST := [ VFVLAN-LIST ] VFVLAN
VFVLAN := [ vlan VLANID [ qos VLAN-QOS ] [ proto VLAN-PROTO ] ]
DESCRIPTION
ip link add - add virtual link
link DEVICE
specifies the physical device to act operate on.
NAME specifies the name of the new virtual device.
TYPE specifies the type of the new device.
Link types:
bridge - Ethernet Bridge device
bond - Bonding device can - Controller Area Network
interface
dummy - Dummy network interface
hsr - High-availability Seamless Redundancy device
ifb - Intermediate Functional Block device
ipoib - IP over Infiniband device
macvlan - Virtual interface base on link layer address
(MAC)
macvtap - Virtual interface based on link layer address
(MAC) and TAP.
vcan - Virtual Controller Area Network interface
veth - Virtual ethernet interface
vlan - 802.1q tagged virtual LAN interface
vxlan - Virtual eXtended LAN
ip6tnl - Virtual tunnel interface IPv4|IPv6 over IPv6
ipip - Virtual tunnel interface IPv4 over IPv4
sit - Virtual tunnel interface IPv6 over IPv4
gre - Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
gretap - Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv4
ip6gre - Virtual tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
ip6gretap - Virtual L2 tunnel interface GRE over IPv6
vti - Virtual tunnel interface
nlmon - Netlink monitoring device
ipvlan - Interface for L3 (IPv6/IPv4) based VLANs
lowpan - Interface for 6LoWPAN (IPv6) over IEEE 802.15.4
/ Bluetooth
geneve - GEneric NEtwork Virtualization Encapsulation
macsec - Interface for IEEE 802.1AE MAC Security (MAC-
sec)
vrf - Interface for L3 VRF domains
numtxqueues QUEUE_COUNT
specifies the number of transmit queues for new device.
numrxqueues QUEUE_COUNT
specifies the number of receive queues for new device.
index IDX
specifies the desired index of the new virtual device. The link
creation fails, if the index is busy.
VLAN Type Support
For a link of type VLAN the following additional arguments are
supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type vlan [ protocol
VLAN_PROTO ] id VLANID [ reorder_hdr { on | off } ] [ gvrp { on
| off } ] [ mvrp { on | off } ] [ loose_binding { on | off } ] [
ingress-qos-map QOS-MAP ] [ egress-qos-map QOS-MAP ]
protocol VLAN_PROTO - either 802.1Q or 802.1ad.
id VLANID - specifies the VLAN Identifer to use. Note
that numbers with a leading " 0 " or " 0x " are inter-
preted as octal or hexadeimal, respectively.
reorder_hdr { on | off } - specifies whether ethernet
headers are reordered or not (default is on).
If reorder_hdr is on then VLAN header will be not
inserted immediately but only before passing to the
physical device (if this device does not support
VLAN offloading), the similar on the RX direction -
by default the packet will be untagged before being
received by VLAN device. Reordering allows to accel-
erate tagging on egress and to hide VLAN header on
ingress so the packet looks like regular Ethernet
packet, at the same time it might be confusing for
packet capture as the VLAN header does not exist
within the packet.
VLAN offloading can be checked by ethtool(8):
ethtool -k <phy_dev> | grep tx-vlan-offload
where <phy_dev> is the physical device to which VLAN
device is bound.
gvrp { on | off } - specifies whether this VLAN should
be registered using GARP VLAN Registration Protocol.
mvrp { on | off } - specifies whether this VLAN should
be registered using Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol.
loose_binding { on | off } - specifies whether the VLAN
device state is bound to the physical device state.
ingress-qos-map QOS-MAP - defines a mapping of VLAN
header prio field to the Linux internal packet priority
on incoming frames. The format is FROM:TO with multiple
mappings separated by spaces.
egress-qos-map QOS-MAP - defines a mapping of Linux
internal packet priority to VLAN header prio field but
for outgoing frames. The format is the same as for
ingress-qos-map.
Linux packet priority can be set by iptables(8):
iptables -t mangle -A POSTROUTING [...] -j CLAS-
SIFY --set-class 0:4
and this "4" priority can be used in the egress qos
mapping to set VLAN prio "5":
ip link set veth0.10 type vlan egress 4:5
VXLAN Type Support
For a link of type VXLAN the following additional arguments are
supported:
ip link add DEVICE type vxlan id VNI [ dev PHYS_DEV ] [ { group
| remote } IPADDR ] [ local { IPADDR | any } ] [ ttl TTL ] [ tos
TOS ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dstport PORT ] [ srcport MIN MAX
] [ [no]learning ] [ [no]proxy ] [ [no]rsc ] [ [no]l2miss ] [
[no]l3miss ] [ [no]udpcsum ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumtx ] [
[no]udp6zerocsumrx ] [ ageing SECONDS ] [ maxaddress NUMBER ] [
[no]external ] [ gbp ] [ gpe ]
id VNI - specifies the VXLAN Network Identifer (or VXLAN
Segment Identifier) to use.
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the physical device to use for
tunnel endpoint communication.
group IPADDR - specifies the multicast IP address to
join. This parameter cannot be specified with the
remote parameter.
remote IPADDR - specifies the unicast destination IP
address to use in outgoing packets when the destination
link layer address is not known in the VXLAN device for-
warding database. This parameter cannot be specified
with the group parameter.
local IPADDR - specifies the source IP address to use in
outgoing packets.
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing
packets.
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing
packets.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies the flow label to use in
outgoing packets.
dstport PORT - specifies the UDP destination port to
communicate to the remote VXLAN tunnel endpoint.
srcport MIN MAX - specifies the range of port numbers to
use as UDP source ports to communicate to the remote
VXLAN tunnel endpoint.
[no]learning - specifies if unknown source link layer
addresses and IP addresses are entered into the VXLAN
device forwarding database.
[no]rsc - specifies if route short circuit is turned on.
[no]proxy - specifies ARP proxy is turned on.
[no]l2miss - specifies if netlink LLADDR miss notifica-
tions are generated.
[no]l3miss - specifies if netlink IP ADDR miss notifica-
tions are generated.
[no]udpcsum - specifies if UDP checksum is calculated
for transmitted packets over IPv4.
[no]udp6zerocsumtx - skip UDP checksum calculation for
transmitted packets over IPv6.
[no]udp6zerocsumrx - allow incoming UDP packets over
IPv6 with zero checksum field.
ageing SECONDS - specifies the lifetime in seconds of
FDB entries learnt by the kernel.
maxaddress NUMBER - specifies the maximum number of FDB
entries.
[no]external - specifies whether an external control
plane (e.g. ip route encap) or the internal FDB should
be used.
gbp - enables the Group Policy extension (VXLAN-GBP).
Allows to transport group policy context across
VXLAN network peers. If enabled, includes the mark
of a packet in the VXLAN header for outgoing packets
and fills the packet mark based on the information
found in the VXLAN header for incomming packets.
Format of upper 16 bits of packet mark (flags);
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|-|D|-|-|A|-|-|-|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
D := Don't Learn bit. When set, this bit indicates
that the egress VTEP MUST NOT learn the source
address of the encapsulated frame.
A := Indicates that the group policy has already
been applied to this packet. Policies MUST NOT be
applied by devices when the A bit is set.
Format of lower 16 bits of packet mark (policy ID):
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Group Policy ID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Example:
iptables -A OUTPUT [...] -j MARK --set-mark
0x800FF
gpe - enables the Generic Protocol extension (VXLAN-
GPE). Currently, this is only supported together with
the external keyword.
IPIP, SIT Type Support
For a link of type IPIPorSIT the following additional arguments
are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { ipip | sit } remote ADDR local ADDR [
encap { fou | gue | none } ] [ encap-sport { PORT | auto } ] [
encap-dport PORT ] [ [no]encap-csum ] [ [no]encap-remcsum ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote address of the tun-
nel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local address for tun-
neled packets. It must be an address on another inter-
face on this host.
encap { fou | gue | none } - specifies type of secondary
UDP encapsulation. "fou" indicates Foo-Over-UDP, "gue"
indicates Generic UDP Encapsulation.
encap-sport { PORT | auto } - specifies the source port
in UDP encapsulation. PORT indicates the port by num-
ber, "auto" indicates that the port number should be
chosen automatically (the kernel picks a flow based on
the flow hash of the encapsulated packet).
[no]encap-csum - specifies if UDP checksums are enabled
in the secondary encapsulation.
[no]encap-remcsum - specifies if Remote Checksum Offload
is enabled. This is only applicable for Generic UDP
Encapsulation.
GRE Type Support
For a link of type GRE or GRETAP the following additional argu-
ments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { gre | gretap } remote ADDR local ADDR
[ [no][i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key ] [ [no][i|o]csum ]
[ ttl TTL ] [ tos TOS ] [ [no]pmtudisc ] [ [no]ignore-df ] [ dev
PHYS_DEV ] [ encap { fou | gue | none } ] [ encap-sport { PORT |
auto } ] [ encap-dport PORT ] [ [no]encap-csum ] [ [no]encap-
remcsum ] [ external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote address of the tun-
nel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local address for tun-
neled packets. It must be an address on another inter-
face on this host.
[no][i|o]seq - serialize packets. The oseq flag enables
sequencing of outgoing packets. The iseq flag requires
that all input packets are serialized.
[i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key - use keyed GRE with key KEY.
KEY is either a number or an IPv4 address-like dotted
quad. The key parameter specifies the same key to use
in both directions. The ikey and okey parameters spec-
ify different keys for input and output.
[no][i|o]csum - generate/require checksums for tunneled
packets. The ocsum flag calculates checksums for outgo-
ing packets. The icsum flag requires that all input
packets have the correct checksum. The csum flag is
equivalent to the combination icsum ocsum .
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing
packets.
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing
packets.
[no]pmtudisc - enables/disables Path MTU Discovery on
this tunnel. It is enabled by default. Note that a
fixed ttl is incompatible with this option: tunneling
with a fixed ttl always makes pmtu discovery.
[no]ignore-df - enables/disables IPv4 DF suppression on
this tunnel. Normally datagrams that exceed the MTU
will be fragmented; the presence of the DF flag inhibits
this, resulting instead in an ICMP Unreachable (Fragmen-
tation Required) message. Enabling this attribute
casues the DF flag to be ignored.
dev PHYS_DEV - specifies the physical device to use for
tunnel endpoint communication.
encap { fou | gue | none } - specifies type of secondary
UDP encapsulation. "fou" indicates Foo-Over-UDP, "gue"
indicates Generic UDP Encapsulation.
encap-sport { PORT | auto } - specifies the source port
in UDP encapsulation. PORT indicates the port by num-
ber, "auto" indicates that the port number should be
chosen automatically (the kernel picks a flow based on
the flow hash of the encapsulated packet).
[no]encap-csum - specifies if UDP checksums are enabled
in the secondary encapsulation.
[no]encap-remcsum - specifies if Remote Checksum Offload
is enabled. This is only applicable for Generic UDP
Encapsulation.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (e.g.
ip route encap).
IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP Type Support
For a link of type IP6GRE/IP6GRETAP the following additional
arguments are supported:
ip link add DEVICE type { ip6gre | ip6gretap } remote ADDR local
ADDR [ [no][i|o]seq ] [ [i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key ] [
[no][i|o]csum ] [ hoplimit TTL ] [ encaplimit ELIM ] [ tclass
TCLASS ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dscp inherit ] [ dev PHYS_DEV
] [ external ]
remote ADDR - specifies the remote IPv6 address of the
tunnel.
local ADDR - specifies the fixed local IPv6 address for
tunneled packets. It must be an address on another
interface on this host.
[no][i|o]seq - serialize packets. The oseq flag enables
sequencing of outgoing packets. The iseq flag requires
that all input packets are serialized.
[i|o]key KEY | no[i|o]key - use keyed GRE with key KEY.
KEY is either a number or an IPv4 address-like dotted
quad. The key parameter specifies the same key to use
in both directions. The ikey and okey parameters spec-
ify different keys for input and output.
[no][i|o]csum - generate/require checksums for tunneled
packets. The ocsum flag calculates checksums for outgo-
ing packets. The icsum flag requires that all input
packets have the correct checksum. The csum flag is
equivalent to the combination icsum ocsum.
hoplimit TTL - specifies Hop Limit value to use in out-
going packets.
encaplimit ELIM - specifies a fixed encapsulation limit.
Default is 4.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies a fixed flowlabel.
tclass TCLASS - specifies the traffic class field on
tunneled packets, which can be specified as either a
two-digit hex value (e.g. c0) or a predefined string
(e.g. internet). The value inherit causes the field to
be copied from the original IP header. The values
inherit/STRING or inherit/00..ff will set the field to
STRING or 00..ff when tunneling non-IP packets. The
default value is 00.
external - make this tunnel externally controlled (or
not, which is the default). In the kernel, this is
referred to as collect metadata mode. This flag is
mutually exclusive with the remote, local, seq, key,
csum, hoplimit, encaplimit, flowlabel and tclass
options.
IPoIB Type Support
For a link of type IPoIB the following additional arguments are
supported:
ip link add DEVICE name NAME type ipoib [ pkey PKEY ] [ mode
MODE ]
pkey PKEY - specifies the IB P-Key to use.
mode MODE - specifies the mode (datagram or connected)
to use.
GENEVE Type Support
For a link of type GENEVE the following additional arguments are
supported:
ip link add DEVICE type geneve id VNI remote IPADDR [ ttl TTL ]
[ tos TOS ] [ flowlabel FLOWLABEL ] [ dstport PORT ] [
[no]external ] [ [no]udpcsum ] [ [no]udp6zerocsumtx ] [
[no]udp6zerocsumrx ]
id VNI - specifies the Virtual Network Identifer to use.
remote IPADDR - specifies the unicast destination IP
address to use in outgoing packets.
ttl TTL - specifies the TTL value to use in outgoing
packets.
tos TOS - specifies the TOS value to use in outgoing
packets.
flowlabel FLOWLABEL - specifies the flow label to use in
outgoing packets.
dstport PORT - select a destination port other than the
default of 6081.
[no]external - make this tunnel externally controlled
(or not, which is the default). This flag is mutually
exclusive with the id, remote, ttl, tos and flowlabel
options.
[no]udpcsum - specifies if UDP checksum is calculated
for transmitted packets over IPv4.
[no]udp6zerocsumtx - skip UDP checksum calculation for
transmitted packets over IPv6.
[no]udp6zerocsumrx - allow incoming UDP packets over
IPv6 with zero checksum field.
MACVLAN and MACVTAP Type Support
For a link of type MACVLAN or MACVTAP the following additional
arguments are supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type { macvlan | macvtap }
mode { private | vepa | bridge | passthru [ nopromisc ] |
source }
type { macvlan | macvtap } - specifies the link type to
use. macvlan creates just a virtual interface, while
macvtap in addition creates a character device /dev/tapX
to be used just like a tuntap device.
mode private - Do not allow communication between
macvlan instances on the same physical interface, even
if the external switch supports hairpin mode.
mode vepa - Virtual Ethernet Port Aggregator mode. Data
from one macvlan instance to the other on the same phys-
ical interface is transmitted over the physical inter-
face. Either the attached switch needs to support hair-
pin mode, or there must be a TCP/IP router forwarding
the packets in order to allow communication. This is the
default mode.
mode bridge - In bridge mode, all endpoints are directly
connected to each other, communication is not redirected
through the physical interface's peer.
mode passthru [ nopromisc ] - This mode gives more power
to a single endpoint, usually in macvtap mode. It is not
allowed for more than one endpoint on the same physical
interface. All traffic will be forwarded to this end-
point, allowing virtio guests to change MAC address or
set promiscuous mode in order to bridge the interface or
create vlan interfaces on top of it. By default, this
mode forces the underlying interface into promiscuous
mode. Passing the nopromisc flag prevents this, so the
promisc flag may be controlled using standard tools.
mode source - allows one to set a list of allowed mac
address, which is used to match against source mac
address from received frames on underlying interface.
This allows creating mac based VLAN associations,
instead of standard port or tag based. The feature is
useful to deploy 802.1x mac based behavior, where driv-
ers of underlying interfaces doesn't allows that.
High-availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR) Support
For a link of type HSR the following additional arguments are
supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type hsr slave1 SLAVE1-IF
slave2 SLAVE2-IF [ supervision ADDR-BYTE ] [ version { 0 | 1 } ]
type hsr - specifies the link type to use, here HSR.
slave1 SLAVE1-IF - Specifies the physical device used
for the first of the two ring ports.
slave2 SLAVE2-IF - Specifies the physical device used
for the second of the two ring ports.
supervision ADDR-BYTE - The last byte of the multicast
address used for HSR supervision frames. Default option
is "0", possible values 0-255.
version { 0 | 1 } - Selects the protocol version of the
interface. Default option is "0", which corresponds to
the 2010 version of the HSR standard. Option "1" acti-
vates the 2012 version.
BRIDGE Type Support
For a link of type BRIDGE the following additional arguments are
supported:
ip link add DEVICE type bridge [ ageing_time AGEING_TIME ] [
group_fwd_mask MASK ] [ group_address ADDRESS ] [ forward_delay
FORWARD_DELAY ] [ hello_time HELLO_TIME ] [ max_age MAX_AGE ] [
stp_state STP_STATE ] [ priority PRIORITY ] [ vlan_filtering
VLAN_FILTERING ] [ vlan_protocol VLAN_PROTOCOL ] [
vlan_default_pvid VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID ] [ vlan_stats_enabled
VLAN_STATS_ENABLED ] [ mcast_snooping MULTICAST_SNOOPING ] [
mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER ] [ mcast_query_use_ifaddr
MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR ] [ mcast_querier MULTICAST_QUERIER ] [
mcast_hash_elasticity HASH_ELASTICITY ] [ mcast_hash_max
HASH_MAX ] [ mcast_last_member_count LAST_MEMBER_COUNT ] [
mcast_startup_query_count STARTUP_QUERY_COUNT ] [
mcast_last_member_interval LAST_MEMBER_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_mem-
bership_interval MEMBERSHIP_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_querier_interval
QUERIER_INTERVAL ] [ mcast_query_interval QUERY_INTERVAL ] [
mcast_query_response_interval QUERY_RESPONSE_INTERVAL ] [
mcast_startup_query_interval STARTUP_QUERY_INTERVAL ] [
mcast_stats_enabled MCAST_STATS_ENABLED ] [ mcast_igmp_version
IGMP_VERSION ] [ mcast_mld_version MLD_VERSION ] [ nf_call_ipta-
bles NF_CALL_IPTABLES ] [ nf_call_ip6tables NF_CALL_IP6TABLES ]
[ nf_call_arptables NF_CALL_ARPTABLES ]
ageing_time AGEING_TIME - configure the bridge's FDB
entries ageing time, ie the number of seconds a MAC
address will be kept in the FDB after a packet has been
received from that address. after this time has passed,
entries are cleaned up.
group_fwd_mask MASK - set the group forward mask. This
is the bitmask that is applied to decide whether to for-
ward incoming frames destined to link-local addresses,
ie addresses of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X (defaults to
0, ie the bridge does not forward any link-local
frames).
group_address ADDRESS - set the MAC address of the mul-
ticast group this bridge uses for STP. The address must
be a link-local address in standard Ethernet MAC address
format, ie an address of the form 01:80:C2:00:00:0X,
with X in [0, 4..f].
forward_delay FORWARD_DELAY - set the forwarding delay
in seconds, ie the time spent in LISTENING state (before
moving to LEARNING) and in LEARNING state (before moving
to FORWARDING). Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid
values are between 2 and 30.
hello_time HELLO_TIME - set the time in seconds between
hello packets sent by the bridge, when it is a root
bridge or a designated bridges. Only relevant if STP is
enabled. Valid values are between 1 and 10.
max_age MAX_AGE - set the hello packet timeout, ie the
time in seconds until another bridge in the spanning
tree is assumed to be dead, after reception of its last
hello message. Only relevant if STP is enabled. Valid
values are between 6 and 40.
stp_state STP_STATE - turn spanning tree protocol on
(STP_STATE > 0) or off (STP_STATE == 0). for this
bridge.
priority PRIORITY - set this bridge's spanning tree pri-
ority, used during STP root bridge election. PRIORITY
is a 16bit unsigned integer.
vlan_filtering VLAN_FILTERING - turn VLAN filtering on
(VLAN_FILTERING > 0) or off (VLAN_FILTERING == 0). When
disabled, the bridge will not consider the VLAN tag when
handling packets.
vlan_protocol { 802.1Q | 802.1ad } - set the protocol
used for VLAN filtering.
vlan_default_pvid VLAN_DEFAULT_PVID - set the default
PVID (native/untagged VLAN ID) for this bridge.
vlan_stats_enabled VLAN_STATS_ENABLED - enable
(VLAN_STATS_ENABLED == 1) or disable (VLAN_STATS_ENABLED
== 0) per-VLAN stats accounting.
mcast_snooping MULTICAST_SNOOPING - turn multicast
snooping on (MULTICAST_SNOOPING > 0) or off (MULTI-
CAST_SNOOPING == 0).
mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER - set bridge's multicast
router if IGMP snooping is enabled. MULTICAST_ROUTER is
an integer value having the following meaning:
0 - disabled.
1 - automatic (queried).
2 - permanently enabled.
mcast_query_use_ifaddr MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR - whether
to use the bridge's own IP address as source address for
IGMP queries (MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR > 0) or the default
of 0.0.0.0 (MCAST_QUERY_USE_IFADDR == 0).
mcast_querier MULTICAST_QUERIER - enable (MULTI-
CAST_QUERIER > 0) or disable (MULTICAST_QUERIER == 0)
IGMP querier, ie sending of multicast queries by the
bridge (default: disabled).
mcast_querier_interval QUERIER_INTERVAL - interval
between queries sent by other routers. if no queries are
seen after this delay has passed, the bridge will start
to send its own queries (as if mcast_querier was
enabled).
mcast_hash_elasticity HASH_ELASTICITY - set multicast
database hash elasticity, ie the maximum chain length in
the multicast hash table (defaults to 4).
mcast_hash_max HASH_MAX - set maximum size of multicast
hash table (defaults to 512, value must be a power of
2).
mcast_last_member_count LAST_MEMBER_COUNT - set multi-
cast last member count, ie the number of queries the
bridge will send before stopping forwarding a multicast
group after a "leave" message has been received
(defaults to 2).
mcast_last_member_interval LAST_MEMBER_INTERVAL - inter-
val between queries to find remaining members of a
group, after a "leave" message is received.
mcast_startup_query_count STARTUP_QUERY_COUNT - set the
number of IGMP queries to send during startup phase
(defaults to 2).
mcast_startup_query_interval STARTUP_QUERY_INTERVAL -
interval between queries in the startup phase.
mcast_query_interval QUERY_INTERVAL - interval between
queries sent by the bridge after the end of the startup
phase.
mcast_query_response_interval QUERY_RESPONSE_INTERVAL -
set the Max Response Time/Maximum Response Delay for
IGMP/MLD queries sent by the bridge.
mcast_membership_interval MEMBERSHIP_INTERVAL - delay
after which the bridge will leave a group, if no member-
ship reports for this group are received.
mcast_stats_enabled MCAST_STATS_ENABLED - enable
(MCAST_STATS_ENABLED > 0) or disable
(MCAST_STATS_ENABLED == 0) multicast (IGMP/MLD) stats
accounting.
mcast_igmp_version IGMP_VERSION - set the IGMP version.
mcast_mld_version MLD_VERSION - set the MLD version.
nf_call_iptables NF_CALL_IPTABLES - enable (NF_CALL_IPT-
ABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_IPTABLES == 0) iptables
hooks on the bridge.
nf_call_ip6tables NF_CALL_IP6TABLES - enable
(NF_CALL_IP6TABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_IP6TABLES ==
0) ip6tables hooks on the bridge.
nf_call_arptables NF_CALL_ARPTABLES - enable
(NF_CALL_ARPTABLES > 0) or disable (NF_CALL_ARPTABLES ==
0) arptables hooks on the bridge.
MACsec Type Support
For a link of type MACsec the following additional arguments are
supported:
ip link add link DEVICE name NAME type macsec [ [ address
<lladdr> ] port PORT | sci SCI ] [ cipher CIPHER_SUITE ] [
icvlen { 8..16 } ] [ encrypt { on | off } ] [ send_sci { on |
off } ] [ end_station { on | off } ] [ scb { on | off } ] [ pro-
tect { on | off } ] [ replay { on | off } window { 0..2^32-1 } ]
[ validate { strict | check | disabled } ] [ encodingsa { 0..3 }
]
address <lladdr> - sets the system identifier component
of secure channel for this MACsec device.
port PORT - sets the port number component of secure
channel for this MACsec device, in a range from 1 to
65535 inclusive. Numbers with a leading " 0 " or " 0x "
are interpreted as octal and hexadecimal, respectively.
sci SCI - sets the secure channel identifier for this
MACsec device. SCI is a 64bit wide number in hexadeci-
mal format.
cipher CIPHER_SUITE - defines the cipher suite to use.
icvlen LENGTH - sets the length of the Integrity Check
Value (ICV).
encrypt on or encrypt off - switches between authenti-
cated encryption, or authenticity mode only.
send_sci on or send_sci off - specifies whether the SCI
is included in every packet, or only when it is neces-
sary.
end_station on or end_station off - sets the End Station
bit.
scb on or scb off - sets the Single Copy Broadcast bit.
protect on or protect off - enables MACsec protection on
the device.
replay on or replay off - enables replay protection on
the device.
window SIZE - sets the size of the replay win-
dow.
validate strict or validate check or validate disabled -
sets the validation mode on the device.
encodingsa AN - sets the active secure association for
transmission.
VRF Type Support
For a link of type VRF the following additional arguments are
supported:
ip link add DEVICE type vrf table TABLE
table table id associated with VRF device
ip link delete - delete virtual link
dev DEVICE
specifies the virtual device to act operate on.
group GROUP
specifies the group of virtual links to delete. Group 0 is not
allowed to be deleted since it is the default group.
type TYPE
specifies the type of the device.
ip link set - change device attributes
Warning: If multiple parameter changes are requested, ip aborts immedi-
ately after any of the changes have failed. This is the only case when
ip can move the system to an unpredictable state. The solution is to
avoid changing several parameters with one ip link set call.
dev DEVICE
DEVICE specifies network device to operate on. When configuring
SR-IOV Virtual Function (VF) devices, this keyword should spec-
ify the associated Physical Function (PF) device.
group GROUP
GROUP has a dual role: If both group and dev are present, then
move the device to the specified group. If only a group is spec-
ified, then the command operates on all devices in that group.
up and down
change the state of the device to UP or DOWN.
arp on or arp off
change the NOARP flag on the device.
multicast on or multicast off
change the MULTICAST flag on the device.
protodown on or protodown off
change the PROTODOWN state on the device. Indicates that a pro-
tocol error has been detected on the port. Switch drivers can
react to this error by doing a phys down on the switch port.
dynamic on or dynamic off
change the DYNAMIC flag on the device. Indicates that address
can change when interface goes down (currently NOT used by the
Linux).
name NAME
change the name of the device. This operation is not recommended
if the device is running or has some addresses already config-
ured.
txqueuelen NUMBER
txqlen NUMBER
change the transmit queue length of the device.
mtu NUMBER
change the MTU of the device.
address LLADDRESS
change the station address of the interface.
broadcast LLADDRESS
brd LLADDRESS
peer LLADDRESS
change the link layer broadcast address or the peer address when
the interface is POINTOPOINT.
netns NETNSNAME | PID
move the device to the network namespace associated with name
NETNSNAME or process PID.
Some devices are not allowed to change network namespace: loop-
back, bridge, ppp, wireless. These are network namespace local
devices. In such case ip tool will return "Invalid argument"
error. It is possible to find out if device is local to a single
network namespace by checking netns-local flag in the output of
the ethtool:
ethtool -k DEVICE
To change network namespace for wireless devices the iw tool can
be used. But it allows to change network namespace only for
physical devices and by process PID.
alias NAME
give the device a symbolic name for easy reference.
group GROUP
specify the group the device belongs to. The available groups
are listed in file /etc/iproute2/group.
vf NUM specify a Virtual Function device to be configured. The associ-
ated PF device must be specified using the dev parameter.
mac LLADDRESS - change the station address for the spec-
ified VF. The vf parameter must be specified.
vlan VLANID - change the assigned VLAN for the specified
VF. When specified, all traffic sent from the VF will be
tagged with the specified VLAN ID. Incoming traffic will
be filtered for the specified VLAN ID, and will have all
VLAN tags stripped before being passed to the VF. Set-
ting this parameter to 0 disables VLAN tagging and fil-
tering. The vf parameter must be specified.
qos VLAN-QOS - assign VLAN QOS (priority) bits for the
VLAN tag. When specified, all VLAN tags transmitted by
the VF will include the specified priority bits in the
VLAN tag. If not specified, the value is assumed to be
0. Both the vf and vlan parameters must be specified.
Setting both vlan and qos as 0 disables VLAN tagging and
filtering for the VF.
proto VLAN-PROTO - assign VLAN PROTOCOL for the VLAN
tag, either 802.1Q or 802.1ad. Setting to 802.1ad, all
traffic sent from the VF will be tagged with VLAN S-Tag.
Incoming traffic will have VLAN S-Tags stripped before
being passed to the VF. Setting to 802.1ad also enables
an option to concatenate another VLAN tag, so both S-TAG
and C-TAG will be inserted/stripped for outgoing/incom-
ing traffic, respectively. If not specified, the value
is assumed to be 802.1Q. Both the vf and vlan parameters
must be specified.
rate TXRATE -- change the allowed transmit bandwidth, in
Mbps, for the specified VF. Setting this parameter to 0
disables rate limiting. vf parameter must be specified.
Please use new API max_tx_rate option instead.
max_tx_rate TXRATE - change the allowed maximum transmit
bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF. vf parameter
must be specified.
min_tx_rate TXRATE - change the allowed minimum transmit
bandwidth, in Mbps, for the specified VF. Minimum
TXRATE should be always <= Maximum TXRATE. vf parameter
must be specified.
spoofchk on|off - turn packet spoof checking on or off
for the specified VF.
query_rss on|off - toggle the ability of querying the
RSS configuration of a specific VF. VF RSS information
like RSS hash key may be considered sensitive on some
devices where this information is shared between VF and
PF and thus its querying may be prohibited by default.
state auto|enable|disable - set the virtual link state
as seen by the specified VF. Setting to auto means a
reflection of the PF link state, enable lets the VF to
communicate with other VFs on this host even if the PF
link state is down, disable causes the HW to drop any
packets sent by the VF.
trust on|off - trust the specified VF user. This enables
that VF user can set a specific feature which may impact
security and/or performance. (e.g. VF multicast promis-
cuous mode)
node_guid eui64 - configure node GUID for Infiniband
VFs.
port_guid eui64 - configure port GUID for Infiniband
VFs.
xdp object | pinned | off
set (or unset) a XDP ("express data path") BPF program to run on
every packet at driver level.
off (or none ) - Detaches any currently attached XDP/BPF program
from the given device.
object FILE - Attaches a XDP/BPF program to the given device.
The FILE points to a BPF ELF file (f.e. generated by LLVM) that
contains the BPF program code, map specifications, etc. If a
XDP/BPF program is already attached to the given device, an
error will be thrown. If no XDP/BPF program is currently
attached, the device supports XDP and the program from the BPF
ELF file passes the kernel verifier, then it will be attached to
the device. If the option -force is passed to ip then any prior
attached XDP/BPF program will be atomically overridden and no
error will be thrown in this case. If no section option is
passed, then the default section name ("prog") will be assumed,
otherwise the provided section name will be used. If no verbose
option is passed, then a verifier log will only be dumped on
load error. See also EXAMPLES section for usage examples.
section NAME - Specifies a section name that contains the BPF
program code. If no section name is specified, the default one
("prog") will be used. This option is to be passed with the
object option.
verbose - Act in verbose mode. For example, even in case of suc-
cess, this will print the verifier log in case a program was
loaded from a BPF ELF file.
pinned FILE - Attaches a XDP/BPF program to the given device.
The FILE points to an already pinned BPF program in the BPF file
system. The option section doesn't apply here, but otherwise
semantics are the same as with the option object described
already.
master DEVICE
set master device of the device (enslave device).
nomaster
unset master device of the device (release device).
addrgenmode eui64|none|stable_secret|random
set the IPv6 address generation mode
eui64 - use a Modified EUI-64 format interface identifier
none - disable automatic address generation
stable_secret - generate the interface identifier based on a
preset /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/{default,DEVICE}/stable_secret
random - like stable_secret, but auto-generate a new random
secret if none is set
link-netnsid
set peer netnsid for a cross-netns interface
type ETYPE TYPE_ARGS
Change type-specific settings. For a list of supported types and
arguments refer to the description of ip link add above. In
addition to that, it is possible to manipulate settings to slave
devices:
Bridge Slave Support
For a link with master bridge the following additional arguments
are supported:
ip link set type bridge_slave [ fdb_flush ] [ state STATE ] [
priority PRIO ] [ cost COST ] [ guard { on | off } ] [ hairpin {
on | off } ] [ fastleave { on | off } ] [ root_block { on | off
} ] [ learning { on | off } ] [ flood { on | off } ] [ proxy_arp
{ on | off } ] [ proxy_arp_wifi { on | off } ] [ mcast_router
MULTICAST_ROUTER ] [ mcast_fast_leave { on | off} ] [
mcast_flood { on | off } ]
fdb_flush - flush bridge slave's fdb dynamic entries.
state STATE - Set port state. STATE is a number repre-
senting the following states: 0 (disabled), 1 (listen-
ing), 2 (learning), 3 (forwarding), 4 (blocking).
priority PRIO - set port priority (allowed values are
between 0 and 63, inclusively).
cost COST - set port cost (allowed values are between 1
and 65535, inclusively).
guard { on | off } - block incoming BPDU packets on this
port.
hairpin { on | off } - enable hairpin mode on this port.
This will allow incoming packets on this port to be
reflected back.
fastleave { on | off } - enable multicast fast leave on
this port.
root_block { on | off } - block this port from becoming
the bridge's root port.
learning { on | off } - allow MAC address learning on
this port.
flood { on | off } - open the flood gates on this port,
i.e. forward all unicast frames to this port also.
Requires proxy_arp and proxy_arp_wifi to be turned off.
proxy_arp { on | off } - enable proxy ARP on this port.
proxy_arp_wifi { on | off } - enable proxy ARP on this
port which meets extended requirements by IEEE 802.11
and Hotspot 2.0 specifications.
mcast_router MULTICAST_ROUTER - configure this port for
having multicast routers attached. A port with a multi-
cast router will receive all multicast traffic. MULTI-
CAST_ROUTER may be either 0 to disable multicast routers
on this port, 1 to let the system detect the presence of
of routers (this is the default), 2 to permanently
enable multicast traffic forwarding on this port or 3 to
enable multicast routers temporarily on this port, not
depending on incoming queries.
mcast_fast_leave { on | off } - this is a synonym to the
fastleave option above.
mcast_flood { on | off } - controls whether a given port
will be flooded with multicast traffic for which there
is no MDB entry.
Bonding Slave Support
For a link with master bond the following additional arguments
are supported:
ip link set type bond_slave [ queue_id ID ]
queue_id ID - set the slave's queue ID (a 16bit unsigned
value).
MACVLAN and MACVTAP Support
Modify list of allowed macaddr for link in source mode.
ip link set type { macvlan | macvap } [ macaddr COMMAND MACADDR
... ]
Commands:
add - add MACADDR to allowed list
set - replace allowed list
del - remove MACADDR from allowed list
flush - flush whole allowed list
ip link show - display device attributes
dev NAME (default)
NAME specifies the network device to show. If this argument is
omitted all devices in the default group are listed.
group GROUP
GROUP specifies what group of devices to show.
up only display running interfaces.
master DEVICE
DEVICE specifies the master device which enslaves devices to
show.
vrf NAME
NAME speficies the VRF which enslaves devices to show.
type TYPE
TYPE specifies the type of devices to show.
Note that the type name is not checked against the list of sup-
ported types - instead it is sent as-is to the kernel. Later it
is used to filter the returned interface list by comparing it
with the relevant attribute in case the kernel didn't filter
already. Therefore any string is accepted, but may lead to empty
output.
ip link xstats - display extended statistics
type TYPE
TYPE specifies the type of devices to display extended statis-
tics for.
ip link afstats - display address-family specific statistics
dev DEVICE
DEVICE specifies the device to display address-family statistics
for.
ip link help - display help
TYPE specifies which help of link type to dislpay.
GROUP
may be a number or a string from the file /etc/iproute2/group which can
be manually filled.
EXAMPLES
ip link show
Shows the state of all network interfaces on the system.
ip link show type bridge
Shows the bridge devices.
ip link show type vlan
Shows the vlan devices.
ip link show master br0
Shows devices enslaved by br0
ip link set dev ppp0 mtu 1400
Change the MTU the ppp0 device.
ip link add link eth0 name eth0.10 type vlan id 10
Creates a new vlan device eth0.10 on device eth0.
ip link delete dev eth0.10
Removes vlan device.
ip link help gre
Display help for the gre link type.
ip link add name tun1 type ipip remote 192.168.1.1 local 192.168.1.2
ttl 225 encap gue encap-sport auto encap-dport 5555 encap-csum encap-
remcsum
Creates an IPIP that is encapsulated with Generic UDP Encapsula-
tion, and the outer UDP checksum and remote checksum offload are
enabled.
ip link set dev eth0 xdp obj prog.o
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program is
located in prog.o, section "prog" (default section). In case a
XDP/BPF program is already attached, throw an error.
ip -force link set dev eth0 xdp obj prog.o sec foo
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program is
located in prog.o, section "foo". In case a XDP/BPF program is
already attached, it will be overridden by the new one.
ip -force link set dev eth0 xdp pinned /sys/fs/bpf/foo
Attaches a XDP/BPF program to device eth0, where the program was
previously pinned as an object node into BPF file system under name
foo.
ip link set dev eth0 xdp off
If a XDP/BPF program is attached on device eth0, detach it and
effectively turn off XDP for device eth0.
ip link add link wpan0 lowpan0 type lowpan
Creates a 6LoWPAN interface named lowpan0 on the underlying IEEE
802.15.4 device wpan0.
SEE ALSO
ip(8), ip-netns(8), ethtool(8), iptables(8)
AUTHOR
Original Manpage by Michail Litvak <mci AT owl.com>
iproute2 13 Dec 2012 IP-LINK(8)
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