DNSSEC-KEYFROMLABEL(8) BIND9 DNSSEC-KEYFROMLABEL(8)
NAME
dnssec-keyfromlabel - DNSSEC key generation tool
SYNOPSIS
dnssec-keyfromlabel {-l label} [-3] [-a algorithm] [-A date/offset]
[-c class] [-D date/offset] [-D sync date/offset]
[-E engine] [-f flag] [-G] [-I date/offset]
[-i interval] [-k] [-K directory] [-L ttl]
[-n nametype] [-P date/offset]
[-P sync date/offset] [-p protocol]
[-R date/offset] [-S key] [-t type] [-v level] [-V]
[-y] {name}
DESCRIPTION
dnssec-keyfromlabel generates a key pair of files that referencing a
key object stored in a cryptographic hardware service module (HSM). The
private key file can be used for DNSSEC signing of zone data as if it
were a conventional signing key created by dnssec-keygen, but the key
material is stored within the HSM, and the actual signing takes place
there.
The name of the key is specified on the command line. This must match
the name of the zone for which the key is being generated.
OPTIONS
-a algorithm
Selects the cryptographic algorithm. The value of algorithm must be
one of RSAMD5, RSASHA1, DSA, NSEC3RSASHA1, NSEC3DSA, RSASHA256,
RSASHA512, ECCGOST, ECDSAP256SHA256, ECDSAP384SHA384, ED25519 or
ED448. These values are case insensitive.
If no algorithm is specified, then RSASHA1 will be used by default,
unless the -3 option is specified, in which case NSEC3RSASHA1 will
be used instead. (If -3 is used and an algorithm is specified, that
algorithm will be checked for compatibility with NSEC3.)
Note 1: that for DNSSEC, RSASHA1 is a mandatory to implement
algorithm, and DSA is recommended.
Note 2: DH automatically sets the -k flag.
-3
Use an NSEC3-capable algorithm to generate a DNSSEC key. If this
option is used and no algorithm is explicitly set on the command
line, NSEC3RSASHA1 will be used by default.
-E engine
Specifies the cryptographic hardware to use.
When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults to
the string "pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine that can
drive a cryptographic accelerator or hardware service module. When
BIND is built with native PKCS#11 cryptography
(--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path of the PKCS#11
provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
-l label
Specifies the label for a key pair in the crypto hardware.
When BIND 9 is built with OpenSSL-based PKCS#11 support, the label
is an arbitrary string that identifies a particular key. It may be
preceded by an optional OpenSSL engine name, followed by a colon,
as in "pkcs11:keylabel".
When BIND 9 is built with native PKCS#11 support, the label is a
PKCS#11 URI string in the format
"pkcs11:keyword=value[;keyword=value;...]" Keywords include
"token", which identifies the HSM; "object", which identifies the
key; and "pin-source", which identifies a file from which the HSM's
PIN code can be obtained. The label will be stored in the on-disk
"private" file.
If the label contains a pin-source field, tools using the generated
key files will be able to use the HSM for signing and other
operations without any need for an operator to manually enter a
PIN. Note: Making the HSM's PIN accessible in this manner may
reduce the security advantage of using an HSM; be sure this is what
you want to do before making use of this feature.
-n nametype
Specifies the owner type of the key. The value of nametype must
either be ZONE (for a DNSSEC zone key (KEY/DNSKEY)), HOST or ENTITY
(for a key associated with a host (KEY)), USER (for a key
associated with a user(KEY)) or OTHER (DNSKEY). These values are
case insensitive.
-C
Compatibility mode: generates an old-style key, without any
metadata. By default, dnssec-keyfromlabel will include the key's
creation date in the metadata stored with the private key, and
other dates may be set there as well (publication date, activation
date, etc). Keys that include this data may be incompatible with
older versions of BIND; the -C option suppresses them.
-c class
Indicates that the DNS record containing the key should have the
specified class. If not specified, class IN is used.
-f flag
Set the specified flag in the flag field of the KEY/DNSKEY record.
The only recognized flags are KSK (Key Signing Key) and REVOKE.
-G
Generate a key, but do not publish it or sign with it. This option
is incompatible with -P and -A.
-h
Prints a short summary of the options and arguments to
dnssec-keyfromlabel.
-K directory
Sets the directory in which the key files are to be written.
-k
Generate KEY records rather than DNSKEY records.
-L ttl
Sets the default TTL to use for this key when it is converted into
a DNSKEY RR. If the key is imported into a zone, this is the TTL
that will be used for it, unless there was already a DNSKEY RRset
in place, in which case the existing TTL would take precedence.
Setting the default TTL to 0 or none removes it.
-p protocol
Sets the protocol value for the key. The protocol is a number
between 0 and 255. The default is 3 (DNSSEC). Other possible values
for this argument are listed in RFC 2535 and its successors.
-S key
Generate a key as an explicit successor to an existing key. The
name, algorithm, size, and type of the key will be set to match the
predecessor. The activation date of the new key will be set to the
inactivation date of the existing one. The publication date will be
set to the activation date minus the prepublication interval, which
defaults to 30 days.
-t type
Indicates the use of the key. type must be one of AUTHCONF,
NOAUTHCONF, NOAUTH, or NOCONF. The default is AUTHCONF. AUTH refers
to the ability to authenticate data, and CONF the ability to
encrypt data.
-v level
Sets the debugging level.
-V
Prints version information.
-y
Allows DNSSEC key files to be generated even if the key ID would
collide with that of an existing key, in the event of either key
being revoked. (This is only safe to use if you are sure you won't
be using RFC 5011 trust anchor maintenance with either of the keys
involved.)
TIMING OPTIONS
Dates can be expressed in the format YYYYMMDD or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS. If the
argument begins with a '+' or '-', it is interpreted as an offset from
the present time. For convenience, if such an offset is followed by one
of the suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi', then the offset is
computed in years (defined as 365 24-hour days, ignoring leap years),
months (defined as 30 24-hour days), weeks, days, hours, or minutes,
respectively. Without a suffix, the offset is computed in seconds. To
explicitly prevent a date from being set, use 'none' or 'never'.
-P date/offset
Sets the date on which a key is to be published to the zone. After
that date, the key will be included in the zone but will not be
used to sign it. If not set, and if the -G option has not been
used, the default is "now".
-P sync date/offset
Sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records which match this
key are to be published to the zone.
-A date/offset
Sets the date on which the key is to be activated. After that date,
the key will be included in the zone and used to sign it. If not
set, and if the -G option has not been used, the default is "now".
-R date/offset
Sets the date on which the key is to be revoked. After that date,
the key will be flagged as revoked. It will be included in the zone
and will be used to sign it.
-I date/offset
Sets the date on which the key is to be retired. After that date,
the key will still be included in the zone, but it will not be used
to sign it.
-D date/offset
Sets the date on which the key is to be deleted. After that date,
the key will no longer be included in the zone. (It may remain in
the key repository, however.)
-D sync date/offset
Sets the date on which the CDS and CDNSKEY records which match this
key are to be deleted.
-i interval
Sets the prepublication interval for a key. If set, then the
publication and activation dates must be separated by at least this
much time. If the activation date is specified but the publication
date isn't, then the publication date will default to this much
time before the activation date; conversely, if the publication
date is specified but activation date isn't, then activation will
be set to this much time after publication.
If the key is being created as an explicit successor to another
key, then the default prepublication interval is 30 days; otherwise
it is zero.
As with date offsets, if the argument is followed by one of the
suffixes 'y', 'mo', 'w', 'd', 'h', or 'mi', then the interval is
measured in years, months, weeks, days, hours, or minutes,
respectively. Without a suffix, the interval is measured in
seconds.
GENERATED KEY FILES
When dnssec-keyfromlabel completes successfully, it prints a string of
the form Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii to the standard output. This is an
identification string for the key files it has generated.
o nnnn is the key name.
o aaa is the numeric representation of the algorithm.
o iiiii is the key identifier (or footprint).
dnssec-keyfromlabel creates two files, with names based on the printed
string. Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.key contains the public key, and
Knnnn.+aaa+iiiii.private contains the private key.
The .key file contains a DNS KEY record that can be inserted into a
zone file (directly or with a $INCLUDE statement).
The .private file contains algorithm-specific fields. For obvious
security reasons, this file does not have general read permission.
SEE ALSO
dnssec-keygen(8), dnssec-signzone(8), BIND 9 Administrator Reference
Manual, RFC 4034, The PKCS#11 URI Scheme (draft-pechanec-pkcs11uri-13).
AUTHOR
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2008-2012, 2014-2018 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.
("ISC")
ISC August 27, 2015 DNSSEC-KEYFROMLABEL(8)
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