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CHGRP(1P)                  POSIX Programmer's Manual                 CHGRP(1P)

PROLOG
       This  manual  page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.  The Linux
       implementation of this interface may differ (consult the  corresponding
       Linux  manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
       not be implemented on Linux.
NAME
       chgrp - change the file group ownership
SYNOPSIS
       chgrp [-hR] group file ...
       chgrp -R [-H | -L | -P ] group file ...

DESCRIPTION
       The chgrp utility shall set the group ID of the file named by each file
       operand to the group ID specified by the group operand.
       For  each file operand, or, if the -R option is used, each file encoun-
       tered while walking the directory trees specified by the file operands,
       the chgrp utility shall perform actions equivalent to the chown() func-
       tion defined in the System Interfaces volume  of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
       called with the following arguments:
        * The file operand shall be used as the path argument.
        * The user ID of the file shall be used as the owner argument.
        * The specified group ID shall be used as the group argument.
       Unless  chgrp  is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, the
       set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of a regular file  shall  be  cleared
       upon  successful  completion;  the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of
       other file types may be cleared.
OPTIONS
       The chgrp utility shall conform  to  the  Base  Definitions  volume  of
       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
       The following options shall be supported by the implementation:
       -h     If  the  system  supports group IDs for symbolic links, for each
              file operand that names a file  of  type  symbolic  link,  chgrp
              shall  attempt  to set the group ID of the symbolic link instead
              of the file referenced by the symbolic link. If the system  does
              not  support group IDs for symbolic links, for each file operand
              that names a file of type symbolic link, chgrp shall do  nothing
              more  with  the  current  file  and shall go on to any remaining
              files.
       -H     If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing  a
              file  of  type directory is specified on the command line, chgrp
              shall change the group of the directory referenced by  the  sym-
              bolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.
       -L     If  the -R option is specified and a symbolic link referencing a
              file of type directory is  specified  on  the  command  line  or
              encountered  during  the  traversal  of  a file hierarchy, chgrp
              shall change the group of the directory referenced by  the  sym-
              bolic link and all files in the file hierarchy below it.
       -P     If  the  -R option is specified and a symbolic link is specified
              on the command line or encountered during  the  traversal  of  a
              file  hierarchy, chgrp shall change the group ID of the symbolic
              link if the system supports this operation.  The  chgrp  utility
              shall not follow the symbolic link to any other part of the file
              hierarchy.
       -R     Recursively change file group IDs. For each  file  operand  that
              names a directory, chgrp shall change the group of the directory
              and all files in the file hierarchy below it. Unless a  -H,  -L,
              or  -P  option  is  specified,  it is unspecified which of these
              options will be used as the default.

       Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options -H, -L,  and
       -P  shall  not be considered an error.  The last option specified shall
       determine the behavior of the utility.
OPERANDS
       The following operands shall be supported:
       group  A group name from the group database  or  a  numeric  group  ID.
              Either  specifies  a  group ID to be given to each file named by
              one of the file operands. If a numeric group operand  exists  in
              the  group database as a group name, the group ID number associ-
              ated with that group name is used as the group ID.
       file   A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be modified.

STDIN
       Not used.
INPUT FILES
       None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
       The following environment  variables  shall  affect  the  execution  of
       chgrp:
       LANG   Provide  a  default value for the internationalization variables
              that are unset or null. (See  the  Base  Definitions  volume  of
              IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section  8.2,  Internationalization Vari-
              ables for the precedence of internationalization variables  used
              to determine the values of locale categories.)
       LC_ALL If  set  to a non-empty string value, override the values of all
              the other internationalization variables.
       LC_CTYPE
              Determine the locale for  the  interpretation  of  sequences  of
              bytes  of  text  data as characters (for example, single-byte as
              opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
       LC_MESSAGES
              Determine the locale that should be used to  affect  the  format
              and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.
       NLSPATH
              Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of
              LC_MESSAGES .

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
       Default.
STDOUT
       Not used.
STDERR
       The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
OUTPUT FILES
       None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
       None.
EXIT STATUS
       The following exit values shall be returned:
        0     The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were
              made.
       >0     An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
       Default.
       The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
       Only  the  owner  of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may
       change the owner or group of a file.
       Some implementations restrict the use of chgrp to a user with appropri-
       ate  privileges  when the group specified is not the effective group ID
       or one of the supplementary group IDs of the calling process.
EXAMPLES
       None.
RATIONALE
       The System V and BSD versions use different  exit  status  codes.  Some
       implementations used the exit status as a count of the number of errors
       that occurred; this practice is unworkable since it  can  overflow  the
       range  of  valid  exit  status values. The standard developers chose to
       mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit values.
       The functionality of chgrp is described  substantially  through  refer-
       ences  to  chown().  In  this  way,  there  is no duplication of effort
       required for  describing  the  interactions  of  permissions,  multiple
       groups, and so on.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
       None.
SEE ALSO
       chmod(), chown(), the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
       chown()
COPYRIGHT
       Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in  electronic  form
       from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
       -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX),  The  Open  Group  Base
       Specifications  Issue  6,  Copyright  (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
       Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open  Group.  In  the
       event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
       The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard
       is  the  referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
       at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

IEEE/The Open Group                  2003                            CHGRP(1P)