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JOURNALD.CONF(5)                 journald.conf                JOURNALD.CONF(5)

NAME
       journald.conf, journald.conf.d - Journal service configuration files
SYNOPSIS
       /etc/systemd/journald.conf
       /etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/*.conf
       /run/systemd/journald.conf.d/*.conf
       /usr/lib/systemd/journald.conf.d/*.conf
DESCRIPTION
       These files configure various parameters of the systemd journal
       service, systemd-journald.service(8).
CONFIGURATION DIRECTORIES AND PRECEDENCE
       Default configuration is defined during compilation, so a configuration
       file is only needed when it is necessary to deviate from those
       defaults. By default the configuration file in /etc/systemd/ contains
       commented out entries showing the defaults as a guide to the
       administrator. This file can be edited to create local overrides.
       When packages need to customize the configuration, they can install
       configuration snippets in /usr/lib/systemd/*.conf.d/. Files in /etc/
       are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to
       override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. The main
       configuration file is read before any of the configuration directories,
       and has the lowest precedence; entries in a file in any configuration
       directory override entries in the single configuration file. Files in
       the *.conf.d/ configuration subdirectories are sorted by their filename
       in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the subdirectories they
       reside in. If multiple files specify the same option, the entry in the
       file with the lexicographically latest name takes precedence. It is
       recommended to prefix all filenames in those subdirectories with a
       two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.
       To disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended
       way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration directory
       in /etc/, with the same filename as the vendor configuration file.
OPTIONS
       All options are configured in the "[Journal]" section:
       Storage=
           Controls where to store journal data. One of "volatile",
           "persistent", "auto" and "none". If "volatile", journal log data
           will be stored only in memory, i.e. below the /run/log/journal
           hierarchy (which is created if needed). If "persistent", data will
           be stored preferably on disk, i.e. below the /var/log/journal
           hierarchy (which is created if needed), with a fallback to
           /run/log/journal (which is created if needed), during early boot
           and if the disk is not writable.  "auto" is similar to "persistent"
           but the directory /var/log/journal is not created if needed, so
           that its existence controls where log data goes.  "none" turns off
           all storage, all log data received will be dropped. Forwarding to
           other targets, such as the console, the kernel log buffer, or a
           syslog socket will still work however. Defaults to "auto".
       Compress=
           Takes a boolean value. If enabled (the default), data objects that
           shall be stored in the journal and are larger than a certain
           threshold are compressed before they are written to the file
           system.
       Seal=
           Takes a boolean value. If enabled (the default), and a sealing key
           is available (as created by journalctl(1)'s --setup-keys command),
           Forward Secure Sealing (FSS) for all persistent journal files is
           enabled. FSS is based on Seekable Sequential Key Generators[1] by
           G. A. Marson and B. Poettering (doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40203-6_7)
           and may be used to protect journal files from unnoticed alteration.
       SplitMode=
           Controls whether to split up journal files per user. One of "uid",
           "login" and "none". If "uid", all users will get each their own
           journal files regardless of whether they possess a login session or
           not, however system users will log into the system journal. If
           "login", actually logged-in users will get each their own journal
           files, but users without login session and system users will log
           into the system journal. If "none", journal files are not split up
           by user and all messages are instead stored in the single system
           journal. Note that splitting up journal files by user is only
           available for journals stored persistently. If journals are stored
           on volatile storage (see above), only a single journal file for all
           user IDs is kept. Defaults to "uid".
       RateLimitInterval=, RateLimitBurst=
           Configures the rate limiting that is applied to all messages
           generated on the system. If, in the time interval defined by
           RateLimitInterval=, more messages than specified in RateLimitBurst=
           are logged by a service, all further messages within the interval
           are dropped until the interval is over. A message about the number
           of dropped messages is generated. This rate limiting is applied
           per-service, so that two services which log do not interfere with
           each other's limits. Defaults to 1000 messages in 30s. The time
           specification for RateLimitInterval= may be specified in the
           following units: "s", "min", "h", "ms", "us". To turn off any kind
           of rate limiting, set either value to 0.
       SystemMaxUse=, SystemKeepFree=, SystemMaxFileSize=, RuntimeMaxUse=,
       RuntimeKeepFree=, RuntimeMaxFileSize=
           Enforce size limits on the journal files stored. The options
           prefixed with "System" apply to the journal files when stored on a
           persistent file system, more specifically /var/log/journal. The
           options prefixed with "Runtime" apply to the journal files when
           stored on a volatile in-memory file system, more specifically
           /run/log/journal. The former is used only when /var is mounted,
           writable, and the directory /var/log/journal exists. Otherwise,
           only the latter applies. Note that this means that during early
           boot and if the administrator disabled persistent logging, only the
           latter options apply, while the former apply if persistent logging
           is enabled and the system is fully booted up.  journalctl and
           systemd-journald ignore all files with names not ending with
           ".journal" or ".journal~", so only such files, located in the
           appropriate directories, are taken into account when calculating
           current disk usage.
           SystemMaxUse= and RuntimeMaxUse= control how much disk space the
           journal may use up at maximum.  SystemKeepFree= and
           RuntimeKeepFree= control how much disk space systemd-journald shall
           leave free for other uses.  systemd-journald will respect both
           limits and use the smaller of the two values.
           The first pair defaults to 10% and the second to 15% of the size of
           the respective file system, but each value is capped to 4G. If the
           file system is nearly full and either SystemKeepFree= or
           RuntimeKeepFree= is violated when systemd-journald is started, the
           value will be raised to percentage that is actually free. This
           means that if there was enough free space before and journal files
           were created, and subsequently something else causes the file
           system to fill up, journald will stop using more space, but it will
           not be removing existing files to go reduce footprint either.
           SystemMaxFileSize= and RuntimeMaxFileSize= control how large
           individual journal files may grow at maximum. This influences the
           granularity in which disk space is made available through rotation,
           i.e. deletion of historic data. Defaults to one eighth of the
           values configured with SystemMaxUse= and RuntimeMaxUse=, so that
           usually seven rotated journal files are kept as history. Specify
           values in bytes or use K, M, G, T, P, E as units for the specified
           sizes (equal to 1024, 10242,... bytes). Note that size limits are
           enforced synchronously when journal files are extended, and no
           explicit rotation step triggered by time is needed.
       MaxFileSec=
           The maximum time to store entries in a single journal file before
           rotating to the next one. Normally, time-based rotation should not
           be required as size-based rotation with options such as
           SystemMaxFileSize= should be sufficient to ensure that journal
           files do not grow without bounds. However, to ensure that not too
           much data is lost at once when old journal files are deleted, it
           might make sense to change this value from the default of one
           month. Set to 0 to turn off this feature. This setting takes time
           values which may be suffixed with the units "year", "month",
           "week", "day", "h" or "m" to override the default time unit of
           seconds.
       MaxRetentionSec=
           The maximum time to store journal entries. This controls whether
           journal files containing entries older then the specified time span
           are deleted. Normally, time-based deletion of old journal files
           should not be required as size-based deletion with options such as
           SystemMaxUse= should be sufficient to ensure that journal files do
           not grow without bounds. However, to enforce data retention
           policies, it might make sense to change this value from the default
           of 0 (which turns off this feature). This setting also takes time
           values which may be suffixed with the units "year", "month",
           "week", "day", "h" or " m" to override the default time unit of
           seconds.
       SyncIntervalSec=
           The timeout before synchronizing journal files to disk. After
           syncing, journal files are placed in the OFFLINE state. Note that
           syncing is unconditionally done immediately after a log message of
           priority CRIT, ALERT or EMERG has been logged. This setting hence
           applies only to messages of the levels ERR, WARNING, NOTICE, INFO,
           DEBUG. The default timeout is 5 minutes.
       ForwardToSyslog=, ForwardToKMsg=, ForwardToConsole=, ForwardToWall=
           Control whether log messages received by the journal daemon shall
           be forwarded to a traditional syslog daemon, to the kernel log
           buffer (kmsg), to the system console, or sent as wall messages to
           all logged-in users. These options take boolean arguments. If
           forwarding to syslog is enabled but nothing reads messages from the
           socket, forwarding to syslog has no effect. By default, only
           forwarding to syslog and wall is enabled. These settings may be
           overridden at boot time with the kernel command line options
           "systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog=",
           "systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg=",
           "systemd.journald.forward_to_console=", and
           "systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=". When forwarding to the
           console, the TTY to log to can be changed with TTYPath=, described
           below.
       MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=, MaxLevelConsole=,
       MaxLevelWall=
           Controls the maximum log level of messages that are stored on disk,
           forwarded to syslog, kmsg, the console or wall (if that is enabled,
           see above). As argument, takes one of "emerg", "alert", "crit",
           "err", "warning", "notice", "info", "debug", or integer values in
           the range of 0..7 (corresponding to the same levels). Messages
           equal or below the log level specified are stored/forwarded,
           messages above are dropped. Defaults to "debug" for MaxLevelStore=
           and MaxLevelSyslog=, to ensure that the all messages are written to
           disk and forwarded to syslog. Defaults to "notice" for
           MaxLevelKMsg=, "info" for MaxLevelConsole=, and "emerg" for
           MaxLevelWall=.
       TTYPath=
           Change the console TTY to use if ForwardToConsole=yes is used.
           Defaults to /dev/console.
       LineMax=
           The maximum line length to permit when converting stream logs into
           record logs. When a systemd unit's standard output/error are
           connected to the journal via a stream socket, the data read is
           split into individual log records at newline ("\n", ASCII 10) and
           NUL characters. If no such delimiter is read for the specified
           number of bytes a hard log record boundary is artifically inserted,
           breaking up overly long lines into multiple log records. Selecting
           overly large values increases the possible memory usage of the
           Journal daemon for each stream client, as in the worst case the
           journal daemon needs to buffer the specified number of bytes in
           memory before it can flush a new log record to disk. Also note that
           permitting overly large line maximum line lengths affects
           compatibility with traditional log protocols as log records might
           not fit anymore into a single AF_UNIX or AF_INET datagram. Takes a
           size in bytes. If the value is suffixed with K, M, G or T, the
           specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, or
           Terabytes (with the base 1024), respectively. Defaults to 48K,
           which is relatively large but still small enough so that log
           records likely fit into network datagrams along with extra room for
           metadata. Note that values below 79 are not accepted and will be
           bumped to 79.
FORWARDING TO TRADITIONAL SYSLOG DAEMONS
       Journal events can be transferred to a different logging daemon in two
       different ways. In the first method, messages are immediately forwarded
       to a socket (/run/systemd/journal/syslog), where the traditional syslog
       daemon can read them. This method is controlled by ForwardToSyslog=
       option. In a second method, a syslog daemon behaves like a normal
       journal client, and reads messages from the journal files, similarly to
       journalctl(1). In this method, messages do not have to be read
       immediately, which allows a logging daemon which is only started late
       in boot to access all messages since the start of the system. In
       addition, full structured meta-data is available to it. This method of
       course is available only if the messages are stored in a journal file
       at all. So it will not work if Storage=none is set. It should be noted
       that usually the second method is used by syslog daemons, so the
       Storage= option, and not the ForwardToSyslog= option, is relevant for
       them.
SEE ALSO
       systemd(1), systemd-journald.service(8), journalctl(1),
       systemd.journal-fields(7), systemd-system.conf(5)
NOTES
        1. Seekable Sequential Key Generators
           https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/397

systemd 219                                                   JOURNALD.CONF(5)