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IO::HTML(3)           User Contributed Perl Documentation          IO::HTML(3)

NAME
       IO::HTML - Open an HTML file with automatic charset detection
VERSION
       This document describes version 1.00 of IO::HTML, released February 23,
       2013.
SYNOPSIS
         use IO::HTML;                 # exports html_file by default
         use HTML::TreeBuilder;
         my $tree = HTML::TreeBuilder->new_from_file(
                      html_file('foo.html')
                    );
         # Alternative interface:
         open(my $in, '<:raw', 'bar.html');
         my $encoding = IO::HTML::sniff_encoding($in, 'bar.html');
DESCRIPTION
       IO::HTML provides an easy way to open a file containing HTML while
       automatically determining its encoding.  It uses the HTML5 encoding
       sniffing algorithm specified in section 8.2.2.1 of the draft standard.
       The algorithm as implemented here is:
       1.  If the file begins with a byte order mark indicating UTF-16LE,
           UTF-16BE, or UTF-8, then that is the encoding.
       2.  If the first 1024 bytes of the file contain a "<meta>" tag that
           indicates the charset, and Encode recognizes the specified charset
           name, then that is the encoding.  (This portion of the algorithm is
           implemented by "find_charset_in".)
           The "<meta>" tag can be in one of two formats:
             <meta charset="...">
             <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="...charset=...">
           The search is case-insensitive, and the order of attributes within
           the tag is irrelevant.  Any additional attributes of the tag are
           ignored.  The first matching tag with a recognized encoding ends
           the search.
       3.  If the first 1024 bytes of the file are valid UTF-8 (with at least
           1 non-ASCII character), then the encoding is UTF-8.
       4.  If all else fails, use the default character encoding.  The HTML5
           standard suggests the default encoding should be locale dependent,
           but currently it is always "cp1252" unless you set
           $IO::HTML::default_encoding to a different value.  Note:
           "sniff_encoding" does not apply this step; only "html_file" does
           that.
SUBROUTINES
   html_file
         $filehandle = html_file($filename, \%options);
       This function (exported by default) is the primary entry point.  It
       opens the file specified by $filename for reading, uses
       "sniff_encoding" to find a suitable encoding layer, and applies it.  It
       also applies the ":crlf" layer.  If the file begins with a BOM, the
       filehandle is positioned just after the BOM.
       The optional second argument is a hashref containing options.  The
       possible keys are described under "find_charset_in".
       If "sniff_encoding" is unable to determine the encoding, it defaults to
       $IO::HTML::default_encoding, which is set to "cp1252" (a.k.a.
       Windows-1252) by default.  According to the standard, the default
       should be locale dependent, but that is not currently implemented.
       It dies if the file cannot be opened.
   html_file_and_encoding
         ($filehandle, $encoding, $bom)
           = html_file_and_encoding($filename, \%options);
       This function (exported only by request) is just like "html_file", but
       returns more information.  In addition to the filehandle, it returns
       the name of the encoding used, and a flag indicating whether a byte
       order mark was found (if $bom is true, the file began with a BOM).
       This may be useful if you want to write the file out again (especially
       in conjunction with the "html_outfile" function).
       The optional second argument is a hashref containing options.  The
       possible keys are described under "find_charset_in".
       It dies if the file cannot be opened.  The result of calling it in
       scalar context is undefined.
   html_outfile
         $filehandle = html_outfile($filename, $encoding, $bom);
       This function (exported only by request) opens $filename for output
       using $encoding, and writes a BOM to it if $bom is true.  If $encoding
       is "undef", it defaults to $IO::HTML::default_encoding.  $encoding may
       be either an encoding name or an Encode::Encoding object.
       It dies if the file cannot be opened.
   sniff_encoding
         ($encoding, $bom) = sniff_encoding($filehandle, $filename, \%options);
       This function (exported only by request) runs the HTML5 encoding
       sniffing algorithm on $filehandle (which must be seekable, and should
       have been opened in ":raw" mode).  $filename is used only for error
       messages (if there's a problem using the filehandle), and defaults to
       "file" if omitted.  The optional third argument is a hashref containing
       options.  The possible keys are described under "find_charset_in".
       It returns Perl's canonical name for the encoding, which is not
       necessarily the same as the MIME or IANA charset name.  It returns
       "undef" if the encoding cannot be determined.  $bom is true if the file
       began with a byte order mark.  In scalar context, it returns only
       $encoding.
       The filehandle's position is restored to its original position
       (normally the beginning of the file) unless $bom is true.  In that
       case, the position is immediately after the BOM.
       Tip: If you want to run "sniff_encoding" on a file you've already
       loaded into a string, open an in-memory file on the string, and pass
       that handle:
         ($encoding, $bom) = do {
           open(my $fh, '<', \$string);  sniff_encoding($fh)
         };
       (This only makes sense if $string contains bytes, not characters.)
   find_charset_in
         $encoding = find_charset_in($string_containing_HTML, \%options);
       This function (exported only by request) looks for charset information
       in a "<meta>" tag in a possibly incomplete HTML document using the "two
       step" algorithm specified by HTML5.  It does not look for a BOM.  Only
       the first 1024 bytes of the string are checked.
       It returns Perl's canonical name for the encoding, which is not
       necessarily the same as the MIME or IANA charset name.  It returns
       "undef" if no charset is specified or if the specified charset is not
       recognized by the Encode module.
       The optional second argument is a hashref containing options.  The
       following keys are recognized:
       "encoding"
           If true, return the Encode::Encoding object instead of its name.
           Defaults to false.
       "need_pragma"
           If true (the default), follow the HTML5 spec and examine the
           "content" attribute only of "<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"".  If
           set to 0, relax the HTML5 spec, and look for "charset=" in the
           "content" attribute of every meta tag.
EXPORTS
       By default, only "html_file" is exported.  Other functions may be
       exported on request.
       For people who prefer not to export functions, all functions beginning
       with "html_" have an alias without that prefix (e.g. you can call
       "IO::HTML::file(...)" instead of "IO::HTML::html_file(...)".  These
       aliases are not exportable.
       The following export tags are available:
       ":all"
           All exportable functions.
       ":rw"
           "html_file", "html_file_and_encoding", "html_outfile".
SEE ALSO
       The HTML5 specification, section 8.2.2.1 Determining the character
       encoding:
       <http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/parsing.html#determining-the-character-encoding>;
DIAGNOSTICS
       "Could not read %s: %s"
           The specified file could not be read from for the reason specified
           by $!.
       "Could not seek %s: %s"
           The specified file could not be rewound for the reason specified by
           $!.
       "Failed to open %s: %s"
           The specified file could not be opened for reading for the reason
           specified by $!.
       "No default encoding specified"
           The "sniff_encoding" algorithm didn't find an encoding to use, and
           you set $IO::HTML::default_encoding to "undef".
CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT
       IO::HTML requires no configuration files or environment variables.
DEPENDENCIES
       IO::HTML has no non-core dependencies for Perl 5.8.7+.  With earlier
       versions of Perl 5.8, you need to upgrade Encode to at least version
       2.10, and you may need to upgrade Exporter to at least version 5.57.
INCOMPATIBILITIES
       None reported.
BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
       No bugs have been reported.
AUTHOR
       Christopher J. Madsen  "<perl AT cjmweb.net>"
       Please report any bugs or feature requests to
       "<bug-IO-HTML AT rt.cpan.org>" or through the web interface at
       <http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Report.html?Queue=IO-HTML>;.
       You can follow or contribute to IO-HTML's development at
       <http://github.com/madsen/io-html>;.
COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
       This software is copyright (c) 2013 by Christopher J. Madsen.
       This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
       the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
       BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
       FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT
       WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER
       PARTIES PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
       EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
       WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
       ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH
       YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
       NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.
       IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
       WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
       REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENSE, BE LIABLE
       TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
       CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE
       SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING
       RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A
       FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF
       SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
       DAMAGES.

perl v5.16.3                      2013-02-23                       IO::HTML(3)