File: screen.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir)
Screen
******
This file documents the 'Screen' virtual terminal manager, version
4.6.2.
* Menu:
* Overview:: Preliminary information.
* Getting Started:: An introduction to 'screen'.
* Invoking Screen:: Command line options for 'screen'.
* Customization:: The '.screenrc' file.
* Commands:: List all of the commands.
* New Window:: Running a program in a new window.
* Selecting:: Selecting a window to display.
* Session Management:: Suspend/detach, grant access, connect sessions.
* Regions:: Split-screen commands.
* Window Settings:: Titles, logging, etc.
* Virtual Terminal:: Controlling the 'screen' VT100 emulation.
* Copy and Paste:: Exchanging text between windows and sessions.
* Subprocess Execution:: I/O filtering with 'exec'.
* Key Binding:: Binding commands to keys.
* Flow Control:: Trap or pass flow control characters.
* Termcap:: Tweaking your terminal's termcap entry.
* Message Line:: The 'screen' message line.
* Logging:: Keeping a record of your session.
* Startup:: Functions only useful at 'screen' startup.
* Miscellaneous:: Various other commands.
* String Escapes:: Inserting current information into strings
* Environment:: Environment variables used by 'screen'.
* Files:: Files used by 'screen'.
* Credits:: Who's who of 'screen'.
* Bugs:: What to do if you find a bug.
* Installation:: Getting 'screen' running on your system.
* Concept Index:: Index of concepts.
* Command Index:: Index of all 'screen' commands.
* Keystroke Index:: Index of default key bindings.
File: screen.info, Node: Overview, Next: Getting Started, Prev: Top, Up: Top
1 Overview
**********
Screen is a full-screen window manager that multiplexes a physical
terminal between several processes, typically interactive shells. Each
virtual terminal provides the functions of the DEC VT100 terminal and,
in addition, several control functions from the ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI
X3.64) and ISO 2022 standards (e.g. insert/delete line and support for
multiple character sets). There is a scrollback history buffer for each
virtual terminal and a copy-and-paste mechanism that allows the user to
move text regions between windows.
When 'screen' is called, it creates a single window with a shell in
it (or the specified command) and then gets out of your way so that you
can use the program as you normally would. Then, at any time, you can
create new (full-screen) windows with other programs in them (including
more shells), kill the current window, view a list of the active
windows, turn output logging on and off, copy text between windows, view
the scrollback history, switch between windows, etc. All windows run
their programs completely independent of each other. Programs continue
to run when their window is currently not visible and even when the
whole screen session is detached from the user's terminal.
When a program terminates, 'screen' (per default) kills the window
that contained it. If this window was in the foreground, the display
switches to the previously displayed window; if none are left, 'screen'
exits. Shells usually distinguish between running as login-shell or
sub-shell. Screen runs them as sub-shells, unless told otherwise (See
'shell' .screenrc command).
Everything you type is sent to the program running in the current
window. The only exception to this is the one keystroke that is used to
initiate a command to the window manager. By default, each command
begins with a control-a (abbreviated 'C-a' from now on), and is followed
by one other keystroke. The command character (*note Command
Character::) and all the key bindings (*note Key Binding::) can be fully
customized to be anything you like, though they are always two
characters in length.
'Screen' does not understand the prefix 'C-' to mean control,
although this notation is used in this manual for readability. Please
use the caret notation ('^A' instead of 'C-a') as arguments to e.g. the
'escape' command or the '-e' option. 'Screen' will also print out
control characters in caret notation.
The standard way to create a new window is to type 'C-a c'. This
creates a new window running a shell and switches to that window
immediately, regardless of the state of the process running in the
current window. Similarly, you can create a new window with a custom
command in it by first binding the command to a keystroke (in your
'.screenrc' file or at the 'C-a :' command line) and then using it just
like the 'C-a c' command. In addition, new windows can be created by
running a command like:
screen emacs prog.c
from a shell prompt within a previously created window. This will not
run another copy of 'screen', but will instead supply the command name
and its arguments to the window manager (specified in the $STY
environment variable) who will use it to create the new window. The
above example would start the 'emacs' editor (editing 'prog.c') and
switch to its window. - Note that you cannot transport environment
variables from the invoking shell to the application (emacs in this
case), because it is forked from the parent screen process, not from the
invoking shell.
If '/etc/utmp' is writable by 'screen', an appropriate record will be
written to this file for each window, and removed when the window is
closed. This is useful for working with 'talk', 'script', 'shutdown',
'rsend', 'sccs' and other similar programs that use the utmp file to
determine who you are. As long as 'screen' is active on your terminal,
the terminal's own record is removed from the utmp file. *Note Login::.
File: screen.info, Node: Getting Started, Next: Invoking Screen, Prev: Overview, Up: Top
2 Getting Started
*****************
Before you begin to use 'screen' you'll need to make sure you have
correctly selected your terminal type, just as you would for any other
termcap/terminfo program. (You can do this by using 'tset', 'qterm', or
just 'set term=mytermtype', for example.)
If you're impatient and want to get started without doing a lot more
reading, you should remember this one command: 'C-a ?' (*note Key
Binding::). Typing these two characters will display a list of the
available 'screen' commands and their bindings. Each keystroke is
discussed in the section on keystrokes (*note Default Key Bindings::).
Another section (*note Customization::) deals with the contents of your
'.screenrc'.
If your terminal is a "true" auto-margin terminal (it doesn't allow
the last position on the screen to be updated without scrolling the
screen) consider using a version of your terminal's termcap that has
automatic margins turned _off_. This will ensure an accurate and
optimal update of the screen in all circumstances. Most terminals
nowadays have "magic" margins (automatic margins plus usable last
column). This is the VT100 style type and perfectly suited for
'screen'. If all you've got is a "true" auto-margin terminal 'screen'
will be content to use it, but updating a character put into the last
position on the screen may not be possible until the screen scrolls or
the character is moved into a safe position in some other way. This
delay can be shortened by using a terminal with insert-character
capability.
*Note Special Capabilities::, for more information about telling
'screen' what kind of terminal you have.
File: screen.info, Node: Invoking Screen, Next: Customization, Prev: Getting Started, Up: Top
3 Invoking 'Screen'
*******************
Screen has the following command-line options:
'-a'
Include _all_ capabilities (with some minor exceptions) in each
window's termcap, even if 'screen' must redraw parts of the display
in order to implement a function.
'-A'
Adapt the sizes of all windows to the size of the display. By
default, 'screen' may try to restore its old window sizes when
attaching to resizable terminals (those with 'WS' in their
descriptions, e.g. 'suncmd' or some varieties of 'xterm').
'-c FILE'
Use FILE as the user's configuration file instead of the default of
'$HOME/.screenrc'.
'-d [PID.SESSIONNAME]'
'-D [PID.SESSIONNAME]'
Do not start 'screen', but instead detach a 'screen' session
running elsewhere (*note Detach::). '-d' has the same effect as
typing 'C-a d' from the controlling terminal for the session. '-D'
is the equivalent to the power detach key. If no session can be
detached, this option is ignored. In combination with the
'-r'/'-R' option more powerful effects can be achieved:
'-d -r'
Reattach a session and if necessary detach it first.
'-d -R'
Reattach a session and if necessary detach or even create it
first.
'-d -RR'
Reattach a session and if necessary detach or create it. Use
the first session if more than one session is available.
'-D -r'
Reattach a session. If necessary detach and logout remotely
first.
'-D -R'
Attach here and now. In detail this means: If a session is
running, then reattach. If necessary detach and logout
remotely first. If it was not running create it and notify
the user. This is the author's favorite.
'-D -RR'
Attach here and now. Whatever that means, just do it.
_Note_: It is a good idea to check the status of your sessions with
'screen -list' before using this option.
'-e XY'
Set the command character to X, and the character generating a
literal command character (when typed after the command character)
to Y. The defaults are 'C-a' and 'a', which can be specified as
'-e^Aa'. When creating a 'screen' session, this option sets the
default command character. In a multiuser session all users added
will start off with this command character. But when attaching to
an already running session, this option only changes the command
character of the attaching user. This option is equivalent to the
commands 'defescape' or 'escape' respectively. (*note Command
Character::).
'-f'
'-fn'
'-fa'
Set flow-control to on, off, or automatic switching mode,
respectively. This option is equivalent to the 'defflow' command
(*note Flow Control::).
'-h NUM'
Set the history scrollback buffer to be NUM lines high. Equivalent
to the 'defscrollback' command (*note Copy::).
'-i'
Cause the interrupt key (usually 'C-c') to interrupt the display
immediately when flow control is on. This option is equivalent to
the 'interrupt' argument to the 'defflow' command (*note Flow
Control::). Its use is discouraged.
'-l'
'-ln'
Turn login mode on or off (for '/etc/utmp' updating). This option
is equivalent to the 'deflogin' command (*note Login::).
'-ls [MATCH]'
'-list [MATCH]'
Do not start 'screen', but instead print a list of session
identification strings (usually of the form PID.TTY.HOST; *note
Session Name::). Sessions marked 'detached' can be resumed with
'screen -r'. Those marked 'attached' are running and have a
controlling terminal. If the session runs in multiuser mode, it is
marked 'multi'. Sessions marked as 'unreachable' either live on a
different host or are dead. An unreachable session is considered
dead, when its name matches either the name of the local host, or
the specified parameter, if any. See the '-r' flag for a
description how to construct matches. Sessions marked as 'dead'
should be thoroughly checked and removed. Ask your system
administrator if you are not sure. Remove sessions with the
'-wipe' option.
'-L'
Tell 'screen' to turn on automatic output logging for the windows.
'-Logfile "file"'
By default logfile name is "screenlog.0". You can set new logfile
name with the '-Logfile' option.
'-m'
Tell 'screen' to ignore the '$STY' environment variable. When this
option is used, a new session will always be created, regardless of
whether 'screen' is being called from within another 'screen'
session or not. This flag has a special meaning in connection with
the '-d' option:
'-d -m'
Start 'screen' in _detached_ mode. This creates a new session
but doesn't attach to it. This is useful for system startup
scripts.
'-D -m'
This also starts 'screen' in _detached_ mode, but doesn't fork
a new process. The command exits if the session terminates.
'-O'
Select a more optimal output mode for your terminal rather than
true VT100 emulation (only affects auto-margin terminals without
'LP'). This can also be set in your '.screenrc' by specifying 'OP'
in the 'termcap' command.
'-p NAME_OR_NUMBER|-|=|+'
Preselect a window. This is useful when you want to reattach to a
specific window or you want to send a command via the '-X' option
to a specific window. As with screen's select command, '-' selects
the blank window. As a special case for reattach, '=' brings up
the windowlist on the blank window, while a '+' will create new
window. The command will not be executed if the specified window
could not be found.
'-q'
Suppress printing of error messages. In combination with '-ls' the
exit value is set as follows: 9 indicates a directory without
sessions. 10 indicates a directory with running but not attachable
sessions. 11 (or more) indicates 1 (or more) usable sessions. In
combination with '-r' the exit value is as follows: 10 indicates
that there is no session to resume. 12 (or more) indicates that
there are 2 (or more) sessions to resume and you should specify
which one to choose. In all other cases '-q' has no effect.
'-Q'
Some commands now can be queried from a remote session using this
flag, e.g. 'screen -Q windows'. The commands will send the
response to the stdout of the querying process. If there was an
error in the command, then the querying process will exit with a
non-zero status.
The commands that can be queried now are: 'echo' 'info' 'lastmsg'
'number' 'select' 'time' 'title' 'windows'
'-r [PID.SESSIONNAME]'
'-r SESSIONOWNER/[PID.SESSIONNAME]'
Resume a detached 'screen' session. No other options (except
combinations with '-d' or '-D') may be specified, though the
session name (*note Session Name::) may be needed to distinguish
between multiple detached 'screen' sessions. The second form is
used to connect to another user's screen session which runs in
multiuser mode. This indicates that screen should look for
sessions in another user's directory. This requires setuid-root.
'-R'
resumes screen only when it's unambiguous which one to attach,
usually when only one 'screen' is detached. Otherwise lists
available sessions.
'-RR'
Resume the first appropriate detached 'screen' session. If
successful, all other command-line options are ignored. If no
detached session exists, start a new session using the specified
options, just as if '-R' had not been specified. This option is
set by default if screen is run as a login-shell (actually screen
uses '-xRR' in that case). For combinations with the '-D'/'-d'
option see there.
'-s PROGRAM'
Set the default shell to be PROGRAM. By default, 'screen' uses the
value of the environment variable '$SHELL', or '/bin/sh' if it is
not defined. This option is equivalent to the 'shell' command
(*note Shell::). See also there.
'-S SESSIONNAME'
Set the name of the new session to SESSIONNAME. This option can be
used to specify a meaningful name for the session in place of the
default TTY.HOST suffix. This name identifies the session for the
'screen -list' and 'screen -r' commands. This option is equivalent
to the 'sessionname' command (*note Session Name::).
'-t NAME'
Set the title (name) for the default shell or specified program.
This option is equivalent to the 'shelltitle' command (*note
Shell::).
'-T TERM'
Set the $TERM enviroment variable using the specified _term_ as
opposed to the default setting of 'screen'.
'-U'
Run screen in UTF-8 mode. This option tells screen that your
terminal sends and understands UTF-8 encoded characters. It also
sets the default encoding for new windows to 'utf8'.
'-v'
Print the version number.
'-wipe [MATCH]'
List available screens like 'screen -ls', but remove destroyed
sessions instead of marking them as 'dead'. An unreachable session
is considered dead, when its name matches either the name of the
local host, or the explicitly given parameter, if any. See the
'-r' flag for a description how to construct matches.
'-x'
Attach to a session which is already attached elsewhere
(multi-display mode). 'Screen' refuses to attach from within
itself. But when cascading multiple screens, loops are not
detected; take care.
'-X'
Send the specified command to a running screen session. You may
use the '-S' option to specify the screen session if you have
several running. You can use the '-d' or '-r' option to tell
screen to look only for attached or detached screen sessions. Note
that this command doesn't work if the session is password
protected.
File: screen.info, Node: Customization, Next: Commands, Prev: Invoking Screen, Up: Top
4 Customizing 'Screen'
**********************
You can modify the default settings for 'screen' to fit your tastes
either through a personal '.screenrc' file which contains commands to be
executed at startup, or on the fly using the 'colon' command.
* Menu:
* Startup Files:: The '.screenrc' file.
* Source:: Read commands from a file.
* Colon:: Entering customization commands interactively.
File: screen.info, Node: Startup Files, Next: Source, Up: Customization
4.1 The '.screenrc' file
========================
When 'screen' is invoked, it executes initialization commands from the
files '.screenrc' in the user's home directory and '/etc/screenrc'.
These defaults can be overridden in the following ways: For the global
screenrc file 'screen' searches for the environment variable
'$SYSSCREENRC' (this override feature may be disabled at compile-time).
The user specific screenrc file is searched for in '$SCREENRC', then
'$HOME/.screenrc'. The command line option '-c' specifies which file to
use (*note Invoking Screen::. Commands in these files are used to set
options, bind commands to keys, and to automatically establish one or
more windows at the beginning of your 'screen' session. Commands are
listed one per line, with empty lines being ignored. A command's
arguments are separated by tabs or spaces, and may be surrounded by
single or double quotes. A '#' turns the rest of the line into a
comment, except in quotes. Unintelligible lines are warned about and
ignored. Commands may contain references to environment variables. The
syntax is the shell-like '$VAR' or '${VAR}'. Note that this causes
incompatibility with previous 'screen' versions, as now the
'$'-character has to be protected with '\' if no variable substitution
is intended. A string in single-quotes is also protected from variable
substitution.
Two configuration files are shipped as examples with your screen
distribution: 'etc/screenrc' and 'etc/etcscreenrc'. They contain a
number of useful examples for various commands.
File: screen.info, Node: Source, Next: Colon, Prev: Startup Files, Up: Customization
4.2 Source
==========
-- Command: source file
(none)
Read and execute commands from file FILE. Source commands may be
nested to a maximum recursion level of ten. If FILE is not an
absolute path and screen is already processing a source command,
the parent directory of the running source command file is used to
search for the new command file before screen's current directory.
Note that termcap/terminfo/termcapinfo commands only work at
startup and reattach time, so they must be reached via the default
screenrc files to have an effect.
File: screen.info, Node: Colon, Prev: Source, Up: Customization
4.3 Colon
=========
Customization can also be done online, with this command:
-- Command: colon
('C-a :')
Allows you to enter '.screenrc' command lines. Useful for
on-the-fly modification of key bindings, specific window creation
and changing settings. Note that the 'set' keyword no longer
exists, as of version 3.3. Change default settings with commands
starting with 'def'. You might think of this as the 'ex' command
mode of 'screen', with 'copy' as its 'vi' command mode (*note Copy
and Paste::).
File: screen.info, Node: Commands, Next: New Window, Prev: Customization, Up: Top
5 Commands
**********
A command in 'screen' can either be bound to a key, invoked from a
screenrc file, or called from the 'colon' prompt (*note
Customization::). As of version 3.3, all commands can be bound to keys,
although some may be less useful than others. For a number of real life
working examples of the most important commands see the files
'etc/screenrc' and 'etc/etcscreenrc' of your screen distribution.
In this manual, a command definition looks like this:
- Command: command [-n] ARG1 [ARG2] ...
(KEYBINDINGS)
This command does something, but I can't remember what.
An argument in square brackets ('[]') is optional. Many commands
take an argument of 'on' or 'off', which is indicated as STATE in the
definition.
* Menu:
* Default Key Bindings:: 'screen' keyboard commands.
* Command Summary:: List of all commands.
File: screen.info, Node: Default Key Bindings, Next: Command Summary, Up: Commands
5.1 Default Key Bindings
========================
As mentioned previously, each keyboard command consists of a 'C-a'
followed by one other character. For your convenience, all commands
that are bound to lower-case letters are also bound to their control
character counterparts (with the exception of 'C-a a'; see below).
Thus, both 'C-a c' and 'C-a C-c' can be used to create a window.
The following table shows the default key bindings:
'C-a ''
(select)
Prompt for a window identifier and switch. *Note Selecting::.
'C-a "'
(windowlist -b)
Present a list of all windows for selection. *Note Selecting::.
'C-a 0...9, -'
(select 0...select 9, select -)
Switch to window number 0...9, or the blank window. *Note
Selecting::.
'C-a <Tab>'
(focus)
Switch the input focus to the next region. *Note Regions::.
'C-a C-a'
(other)
Toggle to the window displayed previously. If this window does no
longer exist, 'other' has the same effect as 'next'. *Note
Selecting::.
'C-a a'
(meta)
Send the command character (C-a) to window. See 'escape' command.
*Note Command Character::.
'C-a A'
(title)
Allow the user to enter a title for the current window. *Note
Naming Windows::.
'C-a b'
'C-a C-b'
(break)
Send a break to the tty. *Note Break::.
'C-a B'
(pow_break)
Close and reopen the tty-line. *Note Break::.
'C-a c'
'C-a C-c'
(screen)
Create a new window with a shell and switch to that window. *Note
Screen Command::.
'C-a C'
(clear)
Clear the screen. *Note Clear::.
'C-a d'
'C-a C-d'
(detach)
Detach 'screen' from this terminal. *Note Detach::.
'C-a D D'
(pow_detach)
Detach and logout. *Note Power Detach::.
'C-a f'
'C-a C-f'
(flow)
Cycle flow among 'on', 'off' or 'auto'. *Note Flow::.
'C-a F'
(fit)
Resize the window to the current region size. *Note Fit::.
'C-a C-g'
(vbell)
Toggle visual bell mode. *Note Bell::.
'C-a h'
(hardcopy)
Write a hardcopy of the current window to the file "hardcopy.N".
*Note Hardcopy::.
'C-a H'
(log)
Toggle logging of the current window to the file "screenlog.N".
*Note Log::.
'C-a i'
'C-a C-i'
(info)
Show info about the current window. *Note Info::.
'C-a k'
'C-a C-k'
(kill)
Destroy the current window. *Note Kill::.
'C-a l'
'C-a C-l'
(redisplay)
Fully refresh the current window. *Note Redisplay::.
'C-a L'
(login)
Toggle the current window's login state. *Note Login::.
'C-a m'
'C-a C-m'
(lastmsg)
Repeat the last message displayed in the message line. *Note Last
Message::.
'C-a M'
(monitor) Toggle monitoring of the current window. *Note
Monitor::.
'C-a <SPC>'
'C-a n'
'C-a C-n'
(next)
Switch to the next window. *Note Selecting::.
'C-a N'
(number)
Show the number (and title) of the current window. *Note Number::.
'C-a p'
'C-a C-p'
'C-a C-h'
'C-a <BackSpace>'
(prev)
Switch to the previous window (opposite of 'C-a n'). *Note
Selecting::.
'C-a q'
'C-a C-q'
(xon)
Send a ^Q (ASCII XON) to the current window. *Note XON/XOFF::.
'C-a Q'
(only)
Delete all regions but the current one. *Note Regions::.
'C-a r'
'C-a C-r'
(wrap)
Toggle the current window's line-wrap setting (turn the current
window's automatic margins on or off). *Note Wrap::.
'C-a s'
'C-a C-s'
(xoff)
Send a ^S (ASCII XOFF) to the current window. *Note XON/XOFF::.
'C-a S'
(split)
Split the current region horizontally into two new ones. *Note
Regions::.
'C-a t'
'C-a C-t'
(time)
Show the load average and xref. *Note Time::.
'C-a v'
(version)
Display the version and compilation date. *Note Version::.
'C-a C-v'
(digraph)
Enter digraph. *Note Digraph::.
'C-a w'
'C-a C-w'
(windows)
Show a list of active windows. *Note Windows::.
'C-a W'
(width)
Toggle between 80 and 132 columns. *Note Window Size::.
'C-a x'
'C-a C-x'
(lockscreen)
Lock your terminal. *Note Lock::.
'C-a X'
(remove)
Kill the current region. *Note Regions::.
'C-a z'
'C-a C-z'
(suspend)
Suspend 'screen'. *Note Suspend::.
'C-a Z'
(reset)
Reset the virtual terminal to its "power-on" values. *Note
Reset::.
'C-a .'
(dumptermcap)
Write out a '.termcap' file. *Note Dump Termcap::.
'C-a ?'
(help)
Show key bindings. *Note Help::.
'C-a \'
(quit)
Kill all windows and terminate 'screen'. *Note Quit::.
'C-a :'
(colon)
Enter a command line. *Note Colon::.
'C-a ['
'C-a C-['
'C-a <ESC>'
(copy)
Enter copy/scrollback mode. *Note Copy::.
'C-a ]'
'C-a C-]'
(paste .)
Write the contents of the paste buffer to the stdin queue of the
current window. *Note Paste::.
'C-a {'
'C-a }'
(history)
Copy and paste a previous (command) line. *Note History::.
'C-a >'
(writebuf)
Write the paste buffer out to the screen-exchange file. *Note
Screen Exchange::.
'C-a <'
(readbuf)
Read the screen-exchange file into the paste buffer. *Note Screen
Exchange::.
'C-a ='
(removebuf)
Delete the screen-exchange file. *Note Screen Exchange::.
'C-a _'
(silence)
Start/stop monitoring the current window for inactivity. *Note
Monitor::.
'C-a |'
(split -v)
Split the current region vertically into two new ones. *Note
Regions::.
'C-a ,'
(license)
Show the copyright page. *Note License::.
'C-a *'
(displays)
Show the listing of attached displays. *Note Displays::.
File: screen.info, Node: Command Summary, Prev: Default Key Bindings, Up: Commands
5.2 Command Summary
===================
'acladd USERNAMES'
Allow other users in this session. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'aclchg USERNAMES PERMBITS LIST'
Change a user's permissions. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'acldel USERNAME'
Disallow other user in this session. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'aclgrp USRNAME [GROUPNAME]'
Inherit permissions granted to a group leader. *Note Multiuser
Session::.
'aclumask [USERS]+/-BITS ...'
Predefine access to new windows. *Note Umask::.
'activity MESSAGE'
Set the activity notification message. *Note Monitor::.
'addacl USERNAMES'
Synonym to 'acladd'. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'allpartial STATE'
Set all windows to partial refresh. *Note Redisplay::.
'altscreen STATE'
Enables support for the "alternate screen" terminal capability.
*Note Redisplay::.
'at [IDENT][#|*|%] COMMAND [ARGS]'
Execute a command at other displays or windows. *Note At::.
'attrcolor ATTRIB [ATTRIBUTE/COLOR-MODIFIER]'
Map attributes to colors. *Note Attrcolor::.
'autodetach STATE'
Automatically detach the session on SIGHUP. *Note Detach::.
'autonuke STATE'
Enable a clear screen to discard unwritten output. *Note
Autonuke::.
'backtick ID LIFESPAN AUTOREFRESH COMMAND [ARGS]'
Define a command for the backtick string escape. *Note Backtick::.
'bce [STATE]'
Change background color erase. *Note Character Processing::.
'bell_msg [MESSAGE]'
Set the bell notification message. *Note Bell::.
'bind [-c CLASS] KEY [COMMAND [ARGS]]'
Bind a command to a key. *Note Bind::.
'bindkey [OPTS] [STRING [CMD ARGS]]'
Bind a string to a series of keystrokes. *Note Bindkey::.
'blanker'
Blank the screen. *Note Screen Saver::.
'blankerprg'
Define a blanker program. *Note Screen Saver::.
'break [DURATION]'
Send a break signal to the current window. *Note Break::.
'breaktype [TCSENDBREAK | TCSBRK | TIOCSBRK]'
Specify how to generate breaks. *Note Break::.
'bufferfile [EXCHANGE-FILE]'
Select a file for screen-exchange. *Note Screen Exchange::.
'bumpleft'
Swaps window with previous one on window list. *Note Bumpleft::.
'bumpright'
Swaps window with previous one on window list. *Note Bumpright::.
'c1 [STATE]'
Change c1 code processing. *Note Character Processing::.
'caption MODE [STRING]'
Change caption mode and string. *Note Regions::.
'chacl USERNAMES PERMBITS LIST'
Synonym to 'aclchg'. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'charset SET'
Change character set slot designation. *Note Character
Processing::.
'chdir [DIRECTORY]'
Change the current directory for future windows. *Note Chdir::.
'cjkwidth'
Treat ambiguous width characters as full/half width. *Note
Character Processing::.
'clear'
Clear the window screen. *Note Clear::.
'colon'
Enter a 'screen' command. *Note Colon::.
'collapse'
Reorders window on window list, removing number gaps between them.
*Note Collapse::.
'command [-c CLASS]'
Simulate the screen escape key. *Note Command Character::.
'compacthist [STATE]'
Selects compaction of trailing empty lines. *Note Scrollback::.
'console [STATE]'
Grab or ungrab console output. *Note Console::.
'copy'
Enter copy mode. *Note Copy::.
'copy_reg [KEY]'
Removed. Use 'paste' instead. *Note Registers::.
'crlf STATE'
Select line break behavior for copying. *Note Line Termination::.
'debug STATE'
Suppress/allow debugging output. *Note Debug::.
'defautonuke STATE'
Select default autonuke behavior. *Note Autonuke::.
'defbce STATE'
Select background color erase. *Note Character Processing::.
'defbreaktype [TCSENDBREAK | TCSBRK | TIOCSBRK]'
Specify the default for generating breaks. *Note Break::.
'defc1 STATE'
Select default c1 processing behavior. *Note Character
Processing::.
'defcharset [SET]'
Change defaul character set slot designation. *Note Character
Processing::.
'defencoding ENC'
Select default window encoding. *Note Character Processing::.
'defescape XY'
Set the default command and 'meta' characters. *Note Command
Character::.
'defflow FSTATE'
Select default flow control behavior. *Note Flow::.
'defgr STATE'
Select default GR processing behavior. *Note Character
Processing::.
'defhstatus [STATUS]'
Select default window hardstatus line. *Note Hardstatus::.
'deflog STATE'
Select default window logging behavior. *Note Log::.
'deflogin STATE'
Select default utmp logging behavior. *Note Login::.
'defmode MODE'
Select default file mode for ptys. *Note Mode::.
'defmonitor STATE'
Select default activity monitoring behavior. *Note Monitor::.
'defmousetrack ON|OFF'
Select the default mouse tracking behavior. *Note Mousetrack::.
'defnonblock STATE|NUMSECS'
Select default nonblock mode. *Note Nonblock::.
'defobuflimit LIMIT'
Select default output buffer limit. *Note Obuflimit::.
'defscrollback NUM'
Set default lines of scrollback. *Note Scrollback::.
'defshell COMMAND'
Set the default program for new windows. *Note Shell::.
'defsilence STATE'
Select default idle monitoring behavior. *Note Monitor::.
'defslowpaste MSEC'
Select the default inter-character timeout when pasting. *Note
Paste::.
'defutf8 STATE'
Select default character encoding. *Note Character Processing::.
'defwrap STATE'
Set default line-wrapping behavior. *Note Wrap::.
'defwritelock ON|OFF|AUTO'
Set default writelock behavior. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'zombie_timeout [SECONDS]'
Try to reconnect dead windows after timeout. *Note Zombie::.
'detach [-h]'
Disconnect 'screen' from the terminal. *Note Detach::.
'digraph [PRESET [UNICODE-VALUE]]'
Enter a digraph sequence. *Note Digraph::.
'dinfo'
Display terminal information. *Note Info::.
'displays'
List currently active user interfaces. *Note Displays::.
'dumptermcap'
Write the window's termcap entry to a file. *Note Dump Termcap::.
'echo [-n] MESSAGE'
Display a message on startup. *Note Startup::.
'encoding ENC [DENC]'
Set the encoding of a window. *Note Character Processing::.
'escape XY'
Set the command and 'meta' characters. *Note Command Character::.
'eval COMMAND1 [COMMAND2 ...]'
Parse and execute each argument. *Note Eval::.
'exec [[FDPAT] COMMAND [ARGS ...]]'
Run a subprocess (filter). *Note Exec::.
'fit'
Change window size to current display size. *Note Window Size::.
'flow [FSTATE]'
Set flow control behavior. *Note Flow::.
'focus [next|prev|up|down|left|right|top|bottom]'
Move focus to next region. *Note Regions::.
'focusminsize'
Force the current region to a certain size. *Note Focusminsize::.
'gr [STATE]'
Change GR charset processing. *Note Character Processing::.
'group [GROUPTITLE]'
Change or show the group the current window belongs to. *Note
Window Groups::.
'hardcopy [-h] [FILE]'
Write out the contents of the current window. *Note Hardcopy::.
'hardcopy_append STATE'
Append to hardcopy files. *Note Hardcopy::.
'hardcopydir DIRECTORY'
Place, where to dump hardcopy files. *Note Hardcopy::.
'hardstatus [STATE]'
Use the hardware status line. *Note Hardware Status Line::.
'height [LINES [COLS]]'
Set display height. *Note Window Size::.
'help [-c CLASS]'
Display current key bindings. *Note Help::.
'history'
Find previous command beginning .... *Note History::.
'hstatus STATUS'
Change the window's hardstatus line. *Note Hardstatus::.
'idle [TIMEOUT [CMD ARGS]]'
Define a screen saver command. *Note Screen Saver::.
'ignorecase [on|off]'
Ignore character case in searches. *Note Searching::.
'info'
Display window settings. *Note Info::.
'ins_reg [KEY]'
Removed, use 'paste' instead. *Note Registers::.
'kill'
Destroy the current window. *Note Kill::.
'lastmsg'
Redisplay the last message. *Note Last Message::.
'layout new [TITLE]'
Create a layout. *Note Layout::.
'layout remove [N|TITLE]'
Delete a layout. *Note Layout::.
'layout next'
Select the next layout. *Note Layout::.
'layout prev'
Select the previous layout. *Note Layout::.
'layout select [N|TITLE]'
Jump to a layout. *Note Layout::.
'layout show'
List the available layouts. *Note Layout::.
'layout title [TITLE]'
Show or set the title of a layout. *Note Layout::.
'layout number [N]'
Show or set the number of a layout. *Note Layout::.
'layout attach [TITLE|:last]'
Show or set which layout to reattach to. *Note Layout::.
'layout save [N|TITLE]'
Remember the organization of a layout. *Note Layout::.
'layout autosave [ON|OFF]'
Show or set the status of layout saving. *Note Layout::.
'layout dump [filename]'
Save the layout arrangement to a file. *Note Layout::.
'license'
Display licensing information. *Note Startup::.
'lockscreen'
Lock the controlling terminal. *Note Lock::.
'log [STATE]'
Log all output in the current window. *Note Log::.
'logfile FILENAME'
Place where to collect logfiles. *Note Log::.
'login [STATE]'
Log the window in '/etc/utmp'. *Note Login::.
'logtstamp [STATE]'
Configure logfile time-stamps. *Note Log::.
'mapdefault'
Use only the default mapping table for the next keystroke. *Note
Bindkey Control::.
'mapnotnext'
Don't try to do keymapping on the next keystroke. *Note Bindkey
Control::.
'maptimeout N'
Set the inter-character timeout used for keymapping. *Note Bindkey
Control::.
'markkeys STRING'
Rebind keys in copy mode. *Note Copy Mode Keys::.
'maxwin N'
Set the maximum window number. *Note Maxwin::.
'meta'
Insert the command character. *Note Command Character::.
'monitor [STATE]'
Monitor activity in window. *Note Monitor::.
'mousetrack [ON|OFF]'
Enable selecting split regions with mouse clicks. *Note
Mousetrack::.
'msgminwait SEC'
Set minimum message wait. *Note Message Wait::.
'msgwait SEC'
Set default message wait. *Note Message Wait::.
'multiuser STATE'
Go into single or multi user mode. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'nethack STATE'
Use 'nethack'-like error messages. *Note Nethack::.
'next'
Switch to the next window. *Note Selecting::.
'nonblock [STATE|NUMSECS]'
Disable flow control to the current display. *Note
Nonblock::.|NUMSECS]
'number [N]'
Change/display the current window's number. *Note Number::.
'obuflimit [LIMIT]'
Select output buffer limit. *Note Obuflimit::.
'only'
Kill all other regions. *Note Regions::.
'other'
Switch to the window you were in last. *Note Selecting::.
'partial STATE'
Set window to partial refresh. *Note Redisplay::.
'password [CRYPTED_PW]'
Set reattach password. *Note Detach::.
'paste [SRC_REGS [DEST_REG]]'
Paste contents of paste buffer or registers somewhere. *Note
Paste::.
'pastefont [STATE]'
Include font information in the paste buffer. *Note Paste::.
'pow_break'
Close and Reopen the window's terminal. *Note Break::.
'pow_detach'
Detach and hang up. *Note Power Detach::.
'pow_detach_msg [MESSAGE]'
Set message displayed on 'pow_detach'. *Note Power Detach::.
'prev'
Switch to the previous window. *Note Selecting::.
'printcmd [CMD]'
Set a command for VT100 printer port emulation. *Note Printcmd::.
'process [KEY]'
Treat a register as input to 'screen'. *Note Registers::.
'quit'
Kill all windows and exit. *Note Quit::.
'readbuf [-e ENCODING] [FILENAME]'
Read the paste buffer from the screen-exchange file. *Note Screen
Exchange::.
'readreg [-e ENCODING] [REG [FILE]]'
Load a register from paste buffer or file. *Note Registers::.
'redisplay'
Redisplay the current window. *Note Redisplay::.
'register [-e ENCODING] KEY STRING'
Store a string to a register. *Note Registers::.
'remove'
Kill current region. *Note Regions::.
'removebuf'
Delete the screen-exchange file. *Note Screen Exchange::.
'rendition bell | monitor | silence | so ATTR [COLOR]'
Change text attributes in caption for flagged windows. *Note
Rendition::.
'reset'
Reset the terminal settings for the window. *Note Reset::.
'resize [(+/-)lines]'
Grow or shrink a region. *Note Resize::.
'screen [OPTS] [N] [CMD [ARGS] | //group]'
Create a new window. *Note Screen Command::.
'scrollback NUM'
Set size of scrollback buffer. *Note Scrollback::.
'select [N|-|.]'
Switch to a specified window. *Note Selecting::.
'sessionname [NAME]'
Name this session. *Note Session Name::.
'setenv [VAR [STRING]]'
Set an environment variable for new windows. *Note Setenv::.
'setsid STATE'
Controll process group creation for windows. *Note Setsid::.
'shell COMMAND'
Set the default program for new windows. *Note Shell::.
'shelltitle TITLE'
Set the default name for new windows. *Note Shell::.
'silence [STATE|SECONDS]'
Monitor a window for inactivity. *Note Monitor::.
'silencewait SECONDS'
Default timeout to trigger an inactivity notify. *Note Monitor::.
'sleep NUM'
Pause during startup. *Note Startup::.
'slowpaste MSEC'
Slow down pasting in windows. *Note Paste::.
'source FILE'
Run commands from a file. *Note Source::.
'sorendition [ATTR [COLOR]]'
Deprecated. Use 'rendition so' instead. *Note Rendition::.
'split'
Split region into two parts. *Note Regions::.
'startup_message STATE'
Display copyright notice on startup. *Note Startup::.
'stuff [STRING]'
Stuff a string in the input buffer of a window. *Note Paste::.
'su [USERNAME [PASSWORD [PASSWORD2]]]'
Identify a user. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'suspend'
Put session in background. *Note Suspend::.
'term TERM'
Set '$TERM' for new windows. *Note Term::.
'termcap TERM TERMINAL-TWEAKS [WINDOW-TWEAKS]'
Tweak termcap entries for best performance. *Note Termcap
Syntax::.
'terminfo TERM TERMINAL-TWEAKS [WINDOW-TWEAKS]'
Ditto, for terminfo systems. *Note Termcap Syntax::.
'termcapinfo TERM TERMINAL-TWEAKS [WINDOW-TWEAKS]'
Ditto, for both systems. *Note Termcap Syntax::.
'time [STRING]'
Display time and load average. *Note Time::.
'title [WINDOWTITLE]'
Set the name of the current window. *Note Title Command::.
'umask [USERS]+/-BITS ...'
Synonym to 'aclumask'. *Note Umask::.
'unbindall'
Unset all keybindings. *Note Bind::.
'unsetenv VAR'
Unset environment variable for new windows. *Note Setenv::.
'utf8 [STATE [DSTATE]]'
Select character encoding of the current window. *Note Character
Processing::.
'vbell [STATE]'
Use visual bell. *Note Bell::.
'vbell_msg [MESSAGE]'
Set vbell message. *Note Bell::.
'vbellwait SEC'
Set delay for vbell message. *Note Bell::.
'version'
Display 'screen' version. *Note Version::.
'wall MESSAGE'
Write a message to all displays. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'width [COLS [LINES]]'
Set the width of the window. *Note Window Size::.
'windowlist [[-b] [-m] [-g]] | string [STRING] | title [TITLE]'
Present a list of all windows for selection. *Note Windowlist::.
'windows'
List active windows. *Note Windows::.
'wrap [ on | off ]'
Control line-wrap behavior. *Note Wrap::.
'writebuf [-e ENCODING] [FILENAME]'
Write paste buffer to screen-exchange file. *Note Screen
Exchange::.
'writelock ON|OFF|AUTO'
Grant exclusive write permission. *Note Multiuser Session::.
'xoff'
Send an XOFF character. *Note XON/XOFF::.
'xon'
Send an XON character. *Note XON/XOFF::.
'zmodem [off|auto|catch|pass]'
Define how screen treats zmodem requests. *Note Zmodem::.
'zombie [KEYS [onerror] ]'
Keep dead windows. *Note Zombie::.
File: screen.info, Node: New Window, Next: Selecting, Prev: Commands, Up: Top
6 New Window
************
This section describes the commands for creating a new window for
running programs. When a new window is created, the first available
number is assigned to it. The number of windows is limited at
compile-time by the MAXWIN configuration parameter (which defaults to
40).
* Menu:
* Chdir:: Change the working directory for new windows.
* Screen Command:: Create a new window.
* Setenv:: Set environment variables for new windows.
* Shell:: Parameters for shell windows.
* Term:: Set the terminal type for new windows.
* Window Types:: Creating different types of windows.
* Window Groups:: Grouping windows together
File: screen.info, Node: Chdir, Next: Screen Command, Up: New Window
6.1 Chdir
=========
-- Command: chdir [directory]
(none)
Change the current directory of 'screen' to the specified directory
or, if called without an argument, to your home directory (the
value of the environment variable '$HOME'). All windows that are
created by means of the 'screen' command from within '.screenrc' or
by means of 'C-a : screen ...' or 'C-a c' use this as their default
directory. Without a 'chdir' command, this would be the directory
from which 'screen' was invoked. Hardcopy and log files are always
written to the _window's_ default directory, _not_ the current
directory of the process running in the window. You can use this
command multiple times in your '.screenrc' to start various windows
in different default directories, but the last 'chdir' value will
affect all the windows you create interactively.
File: screen.info, Node: Screen Command, Next: Setenv, Prev: Chdir, Up: New Window
6.2 Screen Command
==================
-- Command: screen [opts] [n] [cmd [args] | //GROUP]
('C-a c', 'C-a C-c')
Establish a new window. The flow-control options ('-f', '-fn' and
'-fa'), title option ('-t'), login options ('-l' and '-ln') ,
terminal type option ('-T TERM'), the all-capability-flag ('-a')
and scrollback option ('-h NUM') may be specified with each
command. The option ('-M') turns monitoring on for this window.
The option ('-L') turns output logging on for this window. If an
optional number N in the range 0...MAXWIN-1 is given, the window
number N is assigned to the newly created window (or, if this
number is already in-use, the next available number). If a command
is specified after 'screen', this command (with the given
arguments) is started in the window; otherwise, a shell is created.
If '//group' is supplied, a container-type window is created in
which other windows may be created inside it. *Note Window
Groups::.
Screen has built in some functionality of 'cu' and 'telnet'. *Note
Window Types::.
Thus, if your '.screenrc' contains the lines
# example for .screenrc:
screen 1
screen -fn -t foobar 2 -L telnet foobar
'screen' creates a shell window (in window #1) and a window with a
TELNET connection to the machine foobar (with no flow-control using the
title 'foobar' in window #2) and will write a logfile 'screenlog.2' of
the telnet session. If you do not include any 'screen' commands in your
'.screenrc' file, then 'screen' defaults to creating a single shell
window, number zero. When the initialization is completed, 'screen'
switches to the last window specified in your .screenrc file or, if
none, it opens default window #0.
File: screen.info, Node: Setenv, Next: Shell, Prev: Screen Command, Up: New Window
6.3 Setenv
==========
-- Command: setenv var string
(none)
Set the environment variable VAR to value STRING. If only VAR is
specified, the user will be prompted to enter a value. If no
parameters are specified, the user will be prompted for both
variable and value. The environment is inherited by all
subsequently forked shells.
-- Command: unsetenv var
(none)
Unset an environment variable.
File: screen.info, Node: Shell, Next: Term, Prev: Setenv, Up: New Window
6.4 Shell
=========
-- Command: shell command
-- Command: defshell command
(none)
Set the command to be used to create a new shell. This overrides
the value of the environment variable '$SHELL'. This is useful if
you'd like to run a tty-enhancer which is expecting to execute the
program specified in '$SHELL'. If the command begins with a '-'
character, the shell will be started as a login-shell. Typical
shells do only minimal initialization when not started as a
login-shell. E.g. Bash will not read your '~/.bashrc' unless it
is a login-shell.
'defshell' is currently a synonym to the 'shell' .screenrc command.
-- Command: shelltitle title
(none)
Set the title for all shells created during startup or by the C-a
C-c command. *Note Naming Windows::, for details about what titles
are.
File: screen.info, Node: Term, Next: Window Types, Prev: Shell, Up: New Window
6.5 Term
========
-- Command: term term
(none)
In each window 'screen' opens, it sets the '$TERM' variable to
'screen' by default, unless no description for 'screen' is
installed in the local termcap or terminfo data base. In that case
it pretends that the terminal emulator is 'vt100'. This won't do
much harm, as 'screen' is VT100/ANSI compatible. The use of the
'term' command is discouraged for non-default purpose. That is,
one may want to specify special '$TERM' settings (e.g. vt100) for
the next 'screen rlogin othermachine' command. Use the command
'screen -T vt100 rlogin othermachine' rather than setting and
resetting the default.
File: screen.info, Node: Window Types, Next: Window Groups, Prev: Term, Up: New Window
6.6 Window Types
================
Screen provides three different window types. New windows are created
with 'screen''s 'screen' command (*note Screen Command::). The first
parameter to the 'screen' command defines which type of window is
created. The different window types are all special cases of the normal
type. They have been added in order to allow 'screen' to be used
efficiently as a console with 100 or more windows.
* The normal window contains a shell (default, if no parameter is
given) or any other system command that could be executed from a
shell. (e.g. 'slogin', etc...).
* If a tty (character special device) name (e.g. '/dev/ttya') is
specified as the first parameter, then the window is directly
connected to this device. This window type is similar to 'screen
cu -l /dev/ttya'. Read and write access is required on the device
node, an exclusive open is attempted on the node to mark the
connection line as busy. An optional parameter is allowed
consisting of a comma separated list of flags in the notation used
by 'stty(1)':
'<baud_rate>'
Usually 300, 1200, 9600 or 19200. This affects transmission
as well as receive speed.
'cs8 or cs7'
Specify the transmission of eight (or seven) bits per byte.
'ixon or -ixon'
Enables (or disables) software flow-control (CTRL-S/CTRL-Q)
for sending data.
'ixoff or -ixoff'
Enables (or disables) software flow-control for receiving
data.
'istrip or -istrip'
Clear (or keep) the eight bit in each received byte.
You may want to specify as many of these options as applicable.
Unspecified options cause the terminal driver to make up the
parameter values of the connection. These values are
system-dependent and may be in defaults or values saved from a
previous connection.
For tty windows, the 'info' command shows some of the modem control
lines in the status line. These may include 'RTS', 'CTS', 'DTR',
'CD' and more. This depends rather on on the available 'ioctl()''s
and system header files than on the physical capabilities of the
serial board. The name of a logical low (inactive) signal is
preceded by an exclamation mark ('!'), otherwise the signal is
logical high (active). Unsupported but shown signals are usually
shown low. When the 'CLOCAL' status bit is true, the whole set of
modem signals is placed inside curly braces ('{' and '}'). When
the 'CRTSCTS' or 'TIOCSOFTCAR' bit is true, the signals 'CTS' or
'CD' are shown in parenthesis, respectively.
For tty windows, the command 'break' causes the Data transmission
line (TxD) to go low for a specified period of time. This is
expected to be interpreted as break signal on the other side. No
data is sent and no modem control line is changed when a 'break' is
issued.
* If the first parameter is '//telnet', the second parameter is
expected to be a host name, and an optional third parameter may
specify a TCP port number (default decimal 23). Screen will
connect to a server listening on the remote host and use the telnet
protocol to communicate with that server.
For telnet windows, the command 'info' shows details about the
connection in square brackets ('[' and ']') at the end of the
status line.
'b'
BINARY. The connection is in binary mode.
'e'
ECHO. Local echo is disabled.
'c'
SGA. The connection is in 'character mode' (default: 'line
mode').
't'
TTYPE. The terminal type has been requested by the remote
host. Screen sends the name 'screen' unless instructed
otherwise (see also the command 'term').
'w'
NAWS. The remote site is notified about window size changes.
'f'
LFLOW. The remote host will send flow control information.
(Ignored at the moment.)
Additional flags for debugging are 'x', 't' and 'n' (XDISPLOC,
TSPEED and NEWENV).
For telnet windows, the command 'break' sends the telnet code 'IAC
BREAK' (decimal 243) to the remote host.
File: screen.info, Node: Window Groups, Prev: Window Types, Up: New Window
6.7 Window Groups
=================
Screen provides a method for grouping windows together. Windows can be
organized in a hierarchical fashion, resembling a tree structure. New
screens are created using the 'screen' command while new groups are
created using 'screen //group'. *Note Screen Command::.
Once a new group is created, it will act as a container for windows
and even other groups. When a group is selected, you will see the
output of the 'windowlist' command, allowing you to select a window
inside. If there are no windows inside a group, use the 'screen'
command to create one. Once inside a group, using the commands 'next'
and 'prev' will switch between windows only in that group. Using the
'windowlist' command will give you the opportunity to leave the group
you are in. *Note Windowlist::.
-- Command: group [grouptitle]
(none)
Change or show the group the current window belongs to. Windows
can be moved around between different groups by specifying the name
of the destination group. Without specifying a group, the title of
the current group is displayed.
Using groups in combination with layouts will help create a
multi-desktop experience. One group can be assigned for each layout
made. Windows can be made, split, and organized within each group as
desired. Afterwhich, switching between groups can be as easy as
switching layouts.
File: screen.info, Node: Selecting, Next: Session Management, Prev: New Window, Up: Top
7 Selecting a Window
********************
This section describes the commands for switching between windows in an
'screen' session. The windows are numbered from 0 to 9, and are created
in that order by default (*note New Window::).
* Menu:
* Next and Previous:: Forward or back one window.
* Other Window:: Switch back and forth between two windows.
* Select:: Switch to a window (and to one after 'kill').
* Windowlist:: Present a list of all windows for selection.
File: screen.info, Node: Next and Previous, Next: Other Window, Up: Selecting
7.1 Moving Back and Forth
=========================
-- Command: next
('C-a <SPC>', 'C-a n', 'C-a C-n')
Switch to the next window. This command can be used repeatedly to
cycle through the list of windows. (On some terminals, C-<SPC>
generates a NUL character, so you must release the control key
before pressing space.)
-- Command: prev
('C-a p', 'C-a C-p', 'C-a C-h', 'C-a <Backspace>')
Switch to the previous window (the opposite of 'C-a n').
File: screen.info, Node: Other Window, Next: Select, Prev: Next and Previous, Up: Selecting
7.2 Other Window
================
-- Command: other
('C-a C-a')
Switch to the last window displayed. Note that this command
defaults to the command character typed twice, unless overridden.
For instance, if you use the option '-e]x', this command becomes
']]' (*note Command Character::).
File: screen.info, Node: Select, Next: Windowlist, Prev: Other Window, Up: Selecting
7.3 Select
==========
-- Command: select [n |-|.]
('C-a N', 'C-a '')
Switch to the window with the number N. If no window number is
specified, you get prompted for an identifier. This can be a
window name (title) or a number. When a new window is established,
the lowest available number is assigned to this window. Thus, the
first window can be activated by 'select 0'; there can be no more
than 10 windows present simultaneously (unless screen is compiled
with a higher MAXWIN setting). There are two special arguments,
'select -' switches to the internal blank window and 'select .'
switches to the current window. The latter is useful if used with
screen's '-X' option.
File: screen.info, Node: Windowlist, Prev: Select, Up: Selecting
7.4 Windowlist
==============
-- Command: windowlist [-b] [-m] [-g]
-- Command: windowlist string [STRING]
-- Command: windowlist title [TITLE]
('C-a "')
Display all windows in a table for visual window selection. If
screen was in a window group, screen will back out of the group and
then display the windows in that group. If the '-b' option is
given, screen will switch to the blank window before presenting the
list, so that the current window is also selectable. The '-m'
option changes the order of the windows, instead of sorting by
window numbers screen uses its internal most-recently-used list.
The '-g' option will show the windows inside any groups in that
level and downwards.
The following keys are used to navigate in 'windowlist':
'k', 'C-p', or 'up' Move up one line.
'j', 'C-n', or 'down' Move down one line.
'C-g' or 'escape' Exit windowlist.
'C-a' or 'home' Move to the first line.
'C-e' or 'end' Move to the last line.
'C-u' or 'C-d' Move one half page up or down.
'C-b' or 'C-f' Move one full page up or down.
'0..9' Using the number keys, move to the selected line.
'mouseclick' Move to the selected line. Available when
'mousetrack' is set to 'on'.
'/' Search.
'n' Repeat search in the forward direction.
'N' Repeat search in the backward direction.
'm' Toggle MRU.
'g' Toggle group nesting.
'a' All window view.
'C-h' or 'backspace' Back out the group.
',' Switch numbers with the previous window.
'.' Switch numbers with the next window.
'K' Kill that window.
'space' or 'enter' Select that window.
The table format can be changed with the string and title option,
the title is displayed as table heading, while the lines are made
by using the string setting. The default setting is 'Num
Name%=Flags' for the title and '%3n %t%=%f' for the lines. See the
string escapes chapter (*note String Escapes::) for more codes
(e.g. color settings).
'Windowlist' needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and
6 characters high in order to display.
File: screen.info, Node: Session Management, Next: Regions, Prev: Selecting, Up: Top
8 Session Management Commands
*****************************
Perhaps the most useful feature of 'screen' is the way it allows the
user to move a session between terminals, by detaching and reattaching.
This also makes life easier for modem users who have to deal with
unexpected loss of carrier.
* Menu:
* Detach:: Disconnect 'screen' from your terminal.
* Power Detach:: Detach and log out.
* Lock:: Lock your terminal temporarily.
* Multiuser Session:: Changing number of allowed users.
* Session Name:: Rename your session for later reattachment.
* Suspend:: Suspend your session.
* Quit:: Terminate your session.
File: screen.info, Node: Detach, Next: Power Detach, Up: Session Management
8.1 Detach
==========
-- Command: autodetach state
(none)
Sets whether 'screen' will automatically detach upon hangup, which
saves all your running programs until they are resumed with a
'screen -r' command. When turned off, a hangup signal will
terminate 'screen' and all the processes it contains. Autodetach
is on by default.
-- Command: detach
('C-a d', 'C-a C-d')
Detach the 'screen' session (disconnect it from the terminal and
put it into the background). A detached 'screen' can be resumed by
invoking 'screen' with the '-r' option (*note Invoking Screen::).
The '-h' option tells screen to immediately close the connection to
the terminal ('hangup').
-- Command: password [crypted_pw]
(none)
Present a crypted password in your '.screenrc' file and screen will
ask for it, whenever someone attempts to resume a detached session.
This is useful, if you have privileged programs running under
'screen' and you want to protect your session from reattach
attempts by users that managed to assume your uid. (I.e. any
superuser.) If no crypted password is specified, screen prompts
twice a password and places its encryption in the paste buffer.
Default is 'none', which disables password checking.
File: screen.info, Node: Power Detach, Next: Lock, Prev: Detach, Up: Session Management
8.2 Power Detach
================
-- Command: pow_detach
('C-a D D')
Mainly the same as 'detach', but also sends a HANGUP signal to the
parent process of 'screen'.
_Caution_: This will result in a logout if 'screen' was started
from your login-shell.
-- Command: pow_detach_msg [message]
(none)
The MESSAGE specified here is output whenever a power detach is
performed. It may be used as a replacement for a logout message or
to reset baud rate, etc. Without a parameter, the current message
is shown.
File: screen.info, Node: Lock, Next: Multiuser Session, Prev: Power Detach, Up: Session Management
8.3 Lock
========
-- Command: lockscreen
('C-a x', 'C-a C-x')
Call a screenlock program ('/local/bin/lck' or '/usr/bin/lock' or a
builtin, if no other is available). Screen does not accept any
command keys until this program terminates. Meanwhile processes in
the windows may continue, as the windows are in the detached state.
The screenlock program may be changed through the environment
variable '$LOCKPRG' (which must be set in the shell from which
'screen' is started) and is executed with the user's uid and gid.
Warning: When you leave other shells unlocked and have no password
set on 'screen', the lock is void: One could easily re-attach from
an unlocked shell. This feature should rather be called
'lockterminal'.
File: screen.info, Node: Multiuser Session, Next: Session Name, Prev: Lock, Up: Session Management
8.4 Multiuser Session
=====================
These commands allow other users to gain access to one single 'screen'
session. When attaching to a multiuser 'screen' the sessionname is
specified as 'username/sessionname' to the '-S' command line option.
'Screen' must be compiled with multiuser support to enable features
described here.
* Menu:
* Multiuser:: Enable / Disable multiuser mode.
* Acladd:: Enable a specific user.
* Aclchg:: Change a users permissions.
* Acldel:: Disable a specific user.
* Aclgrp:: Grant a user permissions to other users.
* Displays:: List all active users at their displays.
* Umask:: Predefine access to new windows.
* Wall:: Write a message to all users.
* Writelock:: Grant exclusive window access.
* Su:: Substitute user.
File: screen.info, Node: Multiuser, Next: Acladd, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.1 Multiuser
---------------
-- Command: multiuser STATE
(none)
Switch between single-user and multi-user mode. Standard screen
operation is single-user. In multi-user mode the commands
'acladd', 'aclchg' and 'acldel' can be used to enable (and disable)
other users accessing this 'screen'.
File: screen.info, Node: Acladd, Next: Aclchg, Prev: Multiuser, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.2 Acladd
------------
-- Command: acladd USERNAMES
-- Command: addacl USERNAMES
(none)
Enable users to fully access this screen session. USERNAMES can be
one user or a comma separated list of users. This command enables
to attach to the 'screen' session and performs the equivalent of
'aclchg USERNAMES +rwx "#?"'. To add a user with restricted
access, use the 'aclchg' command below. 'Addacl' is a synonym to
'acladd'. Multi-user mode only.
File: screen.info, Node: Aclchg, Next: Acldel, Prev: Acladd, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.3 Aclchg
------------
-- Command: aclchg USERNAMES PERMBITS LIST
-- Command: chacl USERNAMES PERMBITS LIST
(none)
Change permissions for a comma separated list of users. Permission
bits are represented as 'r', 'w' and 'x'. Prefixing '+' grants the
permission, '-' removes it. The third parameter is a comma
separated list of commands or windows (specified either by number
or title). The special list '#' refers to all windows, '?' to all
commands. If USERNAMES consists of a single '*', all known users
are affected. A command can be executed when the user has the 'x'
bit for it. The user can type input to a window when he has its
'w' bit set and no other user obtains a writelock for this window.
Other bits are currently ignored. To withdraw the writelock from
another user in e.g. window 2: 'aclchg USERNAME -w+w 2'. To allow
read-only access to the session: 'aclchg USERNAME -w "#"'. As soon
as a user's name is known to screen, he can attach to the session
and (per default) has full permissions for all command and windows.
Execution permission for the acl commands, 'at' and others should
also be removed or the user may be able to regain write permission.
'Chacl' is a synonym to 'aclchg'. Multi-user mode only.
File: screen.info, Node: Acldel, Next: Aclgrp, Prev: Aclchg, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.4 Acldel
------------
-- Command: acldel USERNAME
(none)
Remove a user from screen's access control list. If currently
attached, all the user's displays are detached from the session.
He cannot attach again. Multi-user mode only.
File: screen.info, Node: Aclgrp, Next: Displays, Prev: Acldel, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.5 Aclgrp
------------
-- Command: aclgrp USERNAME [GROUPNAME]
(none)
Creates groups of users that share common access rights. The name
of the group is the username of the group leader. Each member of
the group inherits the permissions that are granted to the group
leader. That means, if a user fails an access check, another check
is made for the group leader. A user is removed from all groups
the special value 'none' is used for GROUPNAME. If the second
parameter is omitted all groups the user is in are listed.
File: screen.info, Node: Displays, Next: Umask, Prev: Aclgrp, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.6 Displays
--------------
-- Command: displays
('C-a *')
Shows a tabular listing of all currently connected user front-ends
(displays). This is most useful for multiuser sessions.
The following keys can be used in 'displays' list:
'k', 'C-p', or 'up' Move up one line.
'j', 'C-n', or 'down' Move down one line.
'C-a' or 'home' Move to the first line.
'C-e' or 'end' Move to the last line.
'C-u' or 'C-d' Move one half page up or down.
'C-b' or 'C-f' Move one full page up or down.
'mouseclick' Move to the selected line. Available when
'mousetrack' is set to 'on'.
'space' Refresh the list.
'd' Detach the selected display.
'D' Power detach the selected display.
'C-g', 'enter', or 'escape' Exit the list.
The following is an example of what 'displays' could look like:
xterm 80x42 jnweiger@/dev/ttyp4 0(m11) &rWx
facit 80x24 mlschroe@/dev/ttyhf nb 11(tcsh) rwx
xterm 80x42 jnhollma@/dev/ttyp5 0(m11) &R.x
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)(G) (H)(I)
The legend is as follows:
(A) The terminal type known by 'screen' for this display.
(B) Displays geometry as width x height.
(C) Username who is logged in at the display.
(D) Device name of the display or the attached device
(E) Display is in blocking or nonblocking mode. The available
modes are "nb", "NB", "Z<", "Z>", and "BL".
(F) Number of the window
(G) Name/title of window
(H) Whether the window is shared
(I) Window permissions. Made up of three characters:
(1st character)
'-' : no read
'r' : read
'R' : read only due to foreign wlock
(2nd character)
'-' : no write
'.' : write suppressed by foreign wlock
'w' : write
'W' : own wlock
(3rd character)
'-' : no execute
'x' : execute
'Displays' needs a region size of at least 10 characters wide and 5
characters high in order to display.
File: screen.info, Node: Umask, Next: Wall, Prev: Displays, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.7 aclumask
--------------
-- Command: aclumask [USERS]+/-BITS ...
-- Command: umask [USERS]+/-BITS ...
(none)
This specifies the access other users have to windows that will be
created by the caller of the command. USERS may be no, one or a
comma separated list of known usernames. If no users are
specified, a list of all currently known users is assumed. BITS is
any combination of access control bits allowed defined with the
'aclchg' command. The special username '?' predefines the access
that not yet known users will be granted to any window initially.
The special username '??' predefines the access that not yet known
users are granted to any command. Rights of the special username
nobody cannot be changed (see the 'su' command). 'Umask' is a
synonym to 'aclumask'.
File: screen.info, Node: Wall, Next: Writelock, Prev: Umask, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.8 Wall
----------
-- Command: wall MESSAGE
(none)
Write a message to all displays. The message will appear in the
terminal's status line.
File: screen.info, Node: Writelock, Next: Su, Prev: Wall, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.9 Writelock
---------------
-- Command: writelock ON|OFF|AUTO
(none)
In addition to access control lists, not all users may be able to
write to the same window at once. Per default, writelock is in
'auto' mode and grants exclusive input permission to the user who
is the first to switch to the particular window. When he leaves
the window, other users may obtain the writelock (automatically).
The writelock of the current window is disabled by the command
'writelock off'. If the user issues the command 'writelock on' he
keeps the exclusive write permission while switching to other
windows.
-- Command: defwritelock ON|OFF|AUTO
(none)
Sets the default writelock behavior for new windows. Initially all
windows will be created with no writelocks.
File: screen.info, Node: Su, Prev: Writelock, Up: Multiuser Session
8.4.10 Su
---------
-- Command: su [USERNAME [PASSWORD [PASSWORD2]]]
(none)
Substitute the user of a display. The command prompts for all
parameters that are omitted. If passwords are specified as
parameters, they have to be specified un-crypted. The first
password is matched against the systems passwd database, the second
password is matched against the 'screen' password as set with the
commands 'acladd' or 'password'. 'Su' may be useful for the
'screen' administrator to test multiuser setups. When the
identification fails, the user has access to the commands available
for user 'nobody'. These are 'detach', 'license', 'version',
'help' and 'displays'.
File: screen.info, Node: Session Name, Next: Suspend, Prev: Multiuser Session, Up: Session Management
8.5 Session Name
================
-- Command: sessionname [NAME]
(none)
Rename the current session. Note that for 'screen -list' the name
shows up with the process-id prepended. If the argument NAME is
omitted, the name of this session is displayed.
_Caution_: The '$STY' environment variable will still reflect the
old name in pre-existing shells. This may result in confusion.
Use of this command is generally discouraged. Use the '-S'
command-line option if you want to name a new session.The default
is constructed from the tty and host names.
File: screen.info, Node: Suspend, Next: Quit, Prev: Session Name, Up: Session Management
8.6 Suspend
===========
-- Command: suspend
('C-a z', 'C-a C-z')
Suspend 'screen'. The windows are in the detached state while
'screen' is suspended. This feature relies on the parent shell
being able to do job control.
File: screen.info, Node: Quit, Prev: Suspend, Up: Session Management
8.7 Quit
========
-- Command: quit
('C-a \')
Kill all windows and terminate 'screen'. (*note Key Binding::).
File: screen.info, Node: Regions, Next: Window Settings, Prev: Session Management, Up: Top
9 Regions
*********
Screen has the ability to display more than one window on the user's
display. This is done by splitting the screen in regions, which can
contain different windows.
* Menu:
* Split:: Split a region into two
* Focus:: Change to the next region
* Only:: Delete all other regions
* Remove:: Delete the current region
* Resize:: Grow or shrink a region
* Caption:: Control the window's caption
* Fit:: Resize a window to fit the region
* Focusminsize:: Force a minimum size on a current region
* Layout:: Manage groups of regions
File: screen.info, Node: Split, Next: Focus, Up: Regions
9.1 Split
=========
-- Command: split [-v]
('C-a S', 'C-a |')
Split the current region into two new ones. All regions on the
display are resized to make room for the new region. The blank
window is displayed in the new region. The default is to create a
horizontal split, putting the new regions on the top and bottom of
each other. Using '-v' will create a vertical split, causing the
new regions to appear side by side of each other. Use the 'remove'
or the 'only' command to delete regions. Use 'focus' to toggle
between regions.
When a region is split opposite of how it was previously split
(that is, vertical then horizontal or horizontal then vertical), a
new layer is created. The layer is used to group together the
regions that are split the same. Normally, as a user, you should
not see nor have to worry about layers, but they will affect how
some commands ('focus' and 'resize') behave.
With this current implementation of 'screen', scrolling data will
appear much slower in a vertically split region than one that is
not. This should be taken into consideration if you need to use
system commands such as 'cat' or 'tail -f'.
File: screen.info, Node: Focus, Next: Only, Prev: Split, Up: Regions
9.2 Focus
=========
-- Command: focus [ 'next|prev|up|down|left|right|top|bottom' ]
('C-a <Tab>')
Move the input focus to the next region. This is done in a cyclic
way so that the top left region is selected after the bottom right
one. If no option is given it defaults to 'next'. The next region
to be selected is determined by how the regions are layered.
Normally, the next region in the same layer would be selected.
However, if that next region contains one or more layers, the first
region in the highest layer is selected first. If you are at the
last region of the current layer, 'next' will move the focus to the
next region in the lower layer (if there is a lower layer). 'Prev'
cycles in the opposite order. *Note Split:: for more information
about layers.
The rest of the options ('up', 'down', 'left', 'right', 'top', and
'bottom') are more indifferent to layers. The option 'up' will
move the focus upward to the region that is touching the upper left
corner of the current region. 'Down' will move downward to the
region that is touching the lower left corner of the current
region. The option 'left' will move the focus leftward to the
region that is touching the upper left corner of the current
region, while 'right' will move rightward to the region that is
touching the upper right corner of the current region. Moving left
from a left most region or moving right from a right most region
will result in no action.
The option 'top' will move the focus to the very first region in
the upper list corner of the screen, and 'bottom' will move to the
region in the bottom right corner of the screen. Moving up from a
top most region or moving down from a bottom most region will
result in no action.
Useful bindings are (h, j, k, and l as in vi):
bind h focus left
bind j focus down
bind k focus up
bind l focus right
bind t focus top
bind b focus bottom
Note that 'k' is traditionally bound to the 'kill' command.
File: screen.info, Node: Only, Next: Remove, Prev: Focus, Up: Regions
9.3 Only
========
-- Command: only
('C-a Q')
Kill all regions but the current one.
File: screen.info, Node: Remove, Next: Resize, Prev: Only, Up: Regions
9.4 Remove
==========
-- Command: remove
('C-a X')
Kill the current region. This is a no-op if there is only one
region.
File: screen.info, Node: Resize, Next: Caption, Prev: Remove, Up: Regions
9.5 Resize
==========
-- Command: resize ['-h|-v|-b|-l|-p'] [ [+|-]N['%'] | '=' | 'max' |
'min' | '_' | '0' ]
(none)
Resize the current region. The space will be removed from or added
to the surrounding regions depending on the order of the splits.
The available options for resizing are '-h'(horizontal),
'-v'(vertical), '-b'(both), '-l'(local to layer), and
'-p'(perpendicular). Horizontal resizes will add or remove width
to a region, vertical will add or remove height, and both will add
or remove size from both dimensions. Local and perpendicular are
similar to horizontal and vertical, but they take in account of how
a region was split. If a region's last split was horizontal, a
local resize will work like a vertical resize. If a region's last
split was vertical, a local resize will work like a horizontal
resize. Perpendicular resizes work in opposite of local resizes.
If no option is specified, local is the default.
The amount of lines to add or remove can be expressed a couple of
different ways. By specifying a number N by itself will resize the
region by that absolute amount. You can specify a relative amount
by prefixing a plus '+' or minus '-' to the amount, such as adding
'+n' lines or removing '-n' lines. Resizing can also be expressed
as an absolute or relative percentage by postfixing a percent sign
'%'. Using zero '0' is a synonym for 'min' and using an underscore
'_' is a synonym for 'max'.
Some examples are:
resize +N increase current region by N
resize -N decrease current region by N
resize N set current region to N
resize 20% set current region to 20% of original size
resize +20% increase current region by 20%
resize -b = make all windows equally
resize max maximize current region
resize min minimize current region
Without any arguments, 'screen' will prompt for how you would like
to resize the current region.
See 'focusminsize' if you want to restrict the minimun size a
region can have.
File: screen.info, Node: Caption, Next: Fit, Prev: Resize, Up: Regions
9.6 Caption
===========
-- Command: caption 'always'|'splitonly' [string]
-- Command: caption 'string' [string]
(none)
This command controls the display of the window captions. Normally
a caption is only used if more than one window is shown on the
display (split screen mode). But if the type is set to 'always',
'screen' shows a caption even if only one window is displayed. The
default is 'splitonly'.
The second form changes the text used for the caption. You can use
all string escapes (*note String Escapes::). 'Screen' uses a
default of '%3n %t'.
You can mix both forms by providing the string as an additional
argument.
File: screen.info, Node: Fit, Next: Focusminsize, Prev: Caption, Up: Regions
9.7 Fit
=======
-- Command: fit
('C-a F')
Change the window size to the size of the current region. This
command is needed because screen doesn't adapt the window size
automatically if the window is displayed more than once.
File: screen.info, Node: Focusminsize, Next: Layout, Prev: Fit, Up: Regions
9.8 Focusminsize
================
-- Command: focusminsize [ (width|'max'|'_') (height|'max'|'_') ]
(none)
This forces any currently selected region to be automatically
resized at least a certain WIDTH and HEIGHT. All other surrounding
regions will be resized in order to accommodate. This constraint
follows every time the 'focus' command is used. The 'resize'
command can be used to increase either dimension of a region, but
never below what is set with 'focusminsize'. The underscore '_' is
a synonym for 'max'. Setting a WIDTH and HEIGHT of '0 0' (zero
zero) will undo any constraints and allow for manual resizing.
Without any parameters, the minimum width and height is shown.
File: screen.info, Node: Layout, Prev: Focusminsize, Up: Regions
9.9 Layout
==========
Using regions, and perhaps a large enough terminal, you can give
'screen' more of a desktop feel. By being able to split regions
horizontally or vertically, you can take advantage of the lesser used
spaces of your terminal. The catch to these splits has been that
they're not kept between screen detachments and reattachments.
Layouts will help organize your regions. You can create one layout
of four horizontal regions and then create a separate layout of regions
in a two by two array. The regions could contain the same windows, but
they don't have to. You can easily switch between layouts and keep them
between detachments and reattachments.
Note that there are several subcommands to 'layout'.
-- Command: layout 'new' [title]
(none)
Create a new layout. The screen will change to one whole region
and be switched to the blank window. From here, you build the
regions and the windows they show as you desire. The new layout
will be numbered with the smallest available integer, starting with
zero. You can optionally give a title to your new layout.
Otherwise, it will have a default title of 'layout'. You can
always change the title later by using the command 'layout title'.
-- Command: layout 'remove' [n|title]
(none)
Remove, or in other words, delete the specified layout. Either the
number or the title can be specified. Without either
specification, 'screen' will remove the current layout.
Removing a layout does not affect your set windows or regions.
-- Command: layout 'next'
(none)
Switch to the next layout available
-- Command: layout 'prev'
(none)
Switch to the previous layout available
-- Command: layout 'select' [n|title]
(none)
Select the desired layout. Either the number or the title can be
specified. Without either specification, 'screen' will prompt and
ask which screen is desired. To see which layouts are available,
use the 'layout show' command.
-- Command: layout 'show'
(none)
List on the message line the number(s) and title(s) of the
available layout(s). The current layout is flagged.
-- Command: layout 'title' [title]
(none)
Change or display the title of the current layout. A string given
will be used to name the layout. Without any options, the current
title and number is displayed on the message line.
-- Command: layout 'number' [n]
(none)
Change or display the number of the current layout. An integer
given will be used to number the layout. Without any options, the
current number and title is displayed on the message line.
-- Command: layout 'attach' [title|':last']
(none)
Change or display which layout to reattach back to. The default is
':last', which tells 'screen' to reattach back to the last used
layout just before detachment. By supplying a title, You can
instruct 'screen' to reattach to a particular layout regardless
which one was used at the time of detachment. Without any options,
the layout to reattach to will be shown in the message line.
-- Command: layout 'save' [n|title]
(none)
Remember the current arrangement of regions. When used, 'screen'
will remember the arrangement of vertically and horizontally split
regions. This arrangement is restored when a 'screen' session is
reattached or switched back from a different layout. If the
session ends or the 'screen' process dies, the layout arrangements
are lost. The 'layout dump' command should help in this siutation.
If a number or title is supplied, 'screen' will remember the
arrangement of that particular layout. Without any options,
'screen' will remember the current layout.
Saving your regions can be done automatically by using the 'layout
autosave' command.
-- Command: layout 'autosave' ['on'|'off']
(none)
Change or display the status of automatically saving layouts. The
default is 'on', meaning when 'screen' is detached or changed to a
different layout, the arrangement of regions and windows will be
remembered at the time of change and restored upon return. If
autosave is set to 'off', that arrangement will only be restored to
either to the last manual save, using 'layout save', or to when the
layout was first created, to a single region with a single window.
Without either an 'on' or an 'off', the current status is displayed
on the message line.
-- Command: layout 'dump' [filename]
(none)
Write to a file the order of splits made in the current layout.
This is useful to recreate the order of your regions used in your
current layout. Only the current layout is recorded. While the
order of the regions are recorded, the sizes of those regions and
which windows correspond to which regions are not. If no filename
is specified, the default is 'layout-dump', saved in the directory
that the 'screen' process was started in. If the file already
exists, 'layout dump' will append to that file. As an example:
layout dump /home/user/.screenrc
will save or append the layout to the user's '.screenrc' file.
File: screen.info, Node: Window Settings, Next: Virtual Terminal, Prev: Regions, Up: Top
10 Window Settings
******************
These commands control the way 'screen' treats individual windows in a
session. *Note Virtual Terminal::, for commands to control the terminal
emulation itself.
* Menu:
* Naming Windows:: Control the name of the window
* Console:: See the host's console messages
* Kill:: Destroy an unwanted window
* Login:: Control '/etc/utmp' logging
* Mode:: Control the file mode of the pty
* Monitor:: Watch for activity or inactivity in a window
* Windows:: List the active windows
* Hardstatus:: Set a window's hardstatus line
File: screen.info, Node: Naming Windows, Next: Console, Up: Window Settings
10.1 Naming Windows (Titles)
============================
You can customize each window's name in the window display (viewed with
the 'windows' command (*note Windows::) by setting it with one of the
title commands. Normally the name displayed is the actual command name
of the program created in the window. However, it is sometimes useful
to distinguish various programs of the same name or to change the name
on-the-fly to reflect the current state of the window.
The default name for all shell windows can be set with the
'shelltitle' command (*note Shell::). You can specify the name you want
for a window with the '-t' option to the 'screen' command when the
window is created (*note Screen Command::). To change the name after
the window has been created you can use the title-string escape-sequence
('<ESC> k NAME <ESC> \') and the 'title' command (C-a A). The former can
be output from an application to control the window's name under
software control, and the latter will prompt for a name when typed. You
can also bind predefined names to keys with the 'title' command to set
things quickly without prompting.
* Menu:
* Title Command:: The 'title' command.
* Dynamic Titles:: Make shell windows change titles dynamically.
* Title Prompts:: Set up your shell prompt for dynamic Titles.
* Title Screenrc:: Set up Titles in your '.screenrc'.
File: screen.info, Node: Title Command, Next: Dynamic Titles, Up: Naming Windows
10.1.1 Title Command
--------------------
-- Command: title [windowtitle]
('C-a A')
Set the name of the current window to WINDOWTITLE. If no name is
specified, screen prompts for one.
File: screen.info, Node: Dynamic Titles, Next: Title Prompts, Prev: Title Command, Up: Naming Windows
10.1.2 Dynamic Titles
---------------------
'screen' has a shell-specific heuristic that is enabled by setting the
window's name to SEARCH|NAME and arranging to have a null title
escape-sequence output as a part of your prompt. The SEARCH portion
specifies an end-of-prompt search string, while the NAME portion
specifies the default shell name for the window. If the NAME ends in a
':' 'screen' will add what it believes to be the current command running
in the window to the end of the specified name (e.g. NAME:CMD).
Otherwise the current command name supersedes the shell name while it is
running.
Here's how it works: you must modify your shell prompt to output a
null title-escape-sequence (<ESC> k <ESC> \) as a part of your prompt.
The last part of your prompt must be the same as the string you
specified for the SEARCH portion of the title. Once this is set up,
'screen' will use the title-escape-sequence to clear the previous
command name and get ready for the next command. Then, when a newline
is received from the shell, a search is made for the end of the prompt.
If found, it will grab the first word after the matched string and use
it as the command name. If the command name begins with '!', '%', or
'^', 'screen' will use the first word on the following line (if found)
in preference to the just-found name. This helps csh users get more
accurate titles when using job control or history recall commands.
File: screen.info, Node: Title Prompts, Next: Title Screenrc, Prev: Dynamic Titles, Up: Naming Windows
10.1.3 Setting up your prompt for shell titles
----------------------------------------------
One thing to keep in mind when adding a null title-escape-sequence to
your prompt is that some shells (like the csh) count all the non-control
characters as part of the prompt's length. If these invisible
characters aren't a multiple of 8 then backspacing over a tab will
result in an incorrect display. One way to get around this is to use a
prompt like this:
set prompt='^[[0000m^[k^[\% '
The escape-sequence '^[[0000m' not only normalizes the character
attributes, but all the zeros round the length of the invisible
characters up to 8.
Tcsh handles escape codes in the prompt more intelligently, so you
can specify your prompt like this:
set prompt="%{\ek\e\\%}\% "
Bash users will probably want to echo the escape sequence in the
PROMPT_COMMAND:
PROMPT_COMMAND='printf "\033k\033\134"'
(I used '\134' to output a '\' because of a bug in v1.04).
File: screen.info, Node: Title Screenrc, Prev: Title Prompts, Up: Naming Windows
10.1.4 Setting up shell titles in your '.screenrc'
--------------------------------------------------
Here are some .screenrc examples:
screen -t top 2 nice top
Adding this line to your .screenrc would start a niced version of the
'top' command in window 2 named 'top' rather than 'nice'.
shelltitle '> |csh'
screen 1
This file would start a shell using the given shelltitle. The title
specified is an auto-title that would expect the prompt and the typed
command to look something like the following:
/usr/joe/src/dir> trn
(it looks after the '> ' for the command name). The window status
would show the name 'trn' while the command was running, and revert to
'csh' upon completion.
bind R screen -t '% |root:' su
Having this command in your .screenrc would bind the key sequence
'C-a R' to the 'su' command and give it an auto-title name of 'root:'.
For this auto-title to work, the screen could look something like this:
% !em
emacs file.c
Here the user typed the csh history command '!em' which ran the
previously entered 'emacs' command. The window status would show
'root:emacs' during the execution of the command, and revert to simply
'root:' at its completion.
bind o title
bind E title ""
bind u title (unknown)
The first binding doesn't have any arguments, so it would prompt you
for a title when you type 'C-a o'. The second binding would clear an
auto-titles current setting (C-a E). The third binding would set the
current window's title to '(unknown)' (C-a u).
File: screen.info, Node: Console, Next: Kill, Prev: Naming Windows, Up: Window Settings
10.2 Console
============
-- Command: console [STATE]
(none)
Grabs or un-grabs the machines console output to a window. When
the argument is omitted the current state is displayed. _Note_:
Only the owner of '/dev/console' can grab the console output. This
command is only available if the host supports the ioctl
'TIOCCONS'.
File: screen.info, Node: Kill, Next: Login, Prev: Console, Up: Window Settings
10.3 Kill
=========
-- Command: kill
('C-a k', 'C-a C-k')
Kill the current window.
If there is an 'exec' command running (*note Exec::) then it is
killed. Otherwise the process (e.g. shell) running in the window
receives a 'HANGUP' condition, the window structure is removed and
screen (your display) switches to another window. When the last
window is destroyed, 'screen' exits. After a kill screen switches
to the previously displayed window.
_Caution_: 'emacs' users may find themselves killing their 'emacs'
session when trying to delete the current line. For this reason,
it is probably wise to use a different command character (*note
Command Character::) or rebind 'kill' to another key sequence, such
as 'C-a K' (*note Key Binding::).
File: screen.info, Node: Login, Next: Mode, Prev: Kill, Up: Window Settings
10.4 Login
==========
-- Command: deflogin state
(none)
Same as the 'login' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. This defaults to 'on' unless otherwise
specified at compile time (*note Installation::). Both commands
are only present when 'screen' has been compiled with utmp support.
-- Command: login [state]
('C-a L')
Adds or removes the entry in '/etc/utmp' for the current window.
This controls whether or not the window is "logged in". In
addition to this toggle, it is convenient to have "log in" and "log
out" keys. For instance, 'bind I login on' and 'bind O login off'
will map these keys to be 'C-a I' and 'C-a O' (*note Key
Binding::).
File: screen.info, Node: Mode, Next: Monitor, Prev: Login, Up: Window Settings
10.5 Mode
=========
-- Command: defmode mode
(none)
The mode of each newly allocated pseudo-tty is set to MODE. MODE
is an octal number as used by chmod(1). Defaults to 0622 for
windows which are logged in, 0600 for others (e.g. when '-ln' was
specified for creation, *note Screen Command::).
File: screen.info, Node: Monitor, Next: Windows, Prev: Mode, Up: Window Settings
10.6 Monitoring
===============
-- Command: activity message
(none)
When any activity occurs in a background window that is being
monitored, 'screen' displays a notification in the message line.
The notification message can be redefined by means of the
'activity' command. Each occurrence of '%' in MESSAGE is replaced
by the number of the window in which activity has occurred, and
each occurrence of '^G' is replaced by the definition for bell in
your termcap (usually an audible bell). The default message is
'Activity in window %n'
Note that monitoring is off for all windows by default, but can be
altered by use of the 'monitor' command ('C-a M').
-- Command: defmonitor state
(none)
Same as the 'monitor' command except that the default setting for
new windows is changed. Initial setting is 'off'.
-- Command: monitor [state]
('C-a M')
Toggles monitoring of the current window. When monitoring is
turned on and the affected window is switched into the background,
the activity notification message will be displayed in the status
line at the first sign of output, and the window will also be
marked with an '@' in the window-status display (*note Windows::).
Monitoring defaults to 'off' for all windows.
-- Command: silence [STATE|SEC]
('C-a _')
Toggles silence monitoring of windows. When silence is turned on
and an affected window is switched into the background, you will
receive the silence notification message in the status line after a
specified period of inactivity (silence). The default timeout can
be changed with the 'silencewait' command or by specifying a number
of seconds instead of 'on' or 'off'. Silence is initially off for
all windows.
-- Command: defsilence state
(none)
Same as the 'silence' command except that the default setting for
new windows is changed. Initial setting is 'off'.
-- Command: silencewait SECONDS
(none)
Define the time that all windows monitored for silence should wait
before displaying a message. Default is 30 seconds.
File: screen.info, Node: Windows, Next: Hardstatus, Prev: Monitor, Up: Window Settings
10.7 Windows
============
-- Command: windows [ string ]
('C-a w', 'C-a C-w')
Uses the message line to display a list of all the windows. Each
window is listed by number with the name of the program running in
the window (or its title).
The current window is marked with a '*'; the previous window is
marked with a '-'; all the windows that are logged in are marked
with a '$' (*note Login::); a background window that has received a
bell is marked with a '!'; a background window that is being
monitored and has had activity occur is marked with an '@' (*note
Monitor::); a window which has output logging turned on is marked
with '(L)'; windows occupied by other users are marked with '&' or
'&&' if the window is shared by other users; windows in the zombie
state are marked with 'Z'.
If this list is too long to fit on the terminal's status line only
the portion around the current window is displayed.
You can customize the output format to any string you like
including string escapes (*note String Escapes::). In this case,
if the string parameter is passed, the maximum output size is
unlimited (instead of 1024 bytes if no parameter is passed).
File: screen.info, Node: Hardstatus, Next: Mousetrack, Prev: Windows, Up: Window Settings
10.8 Hardstatus
===============
'Screen' maintains a hardstatus line for every window. If a window gets
selected, the display's hardstatus will be updated to match the window's
hardstatus line. The hardstatus line can be changed with the ANSI
Application Program Command (APC): 'ESC_<string>ESC\'. As a convenience
for xterm users the sequence 'ESC]0..2;<string>^G' is also accepted.
-- Command: defhstatus [status]
(none)
The hardstatus line that all new windows will get is set to STATUS.
This command is useful to make the hardstatus of every window
display the window number or title or the like. STATUS may contain
the same directives as in the window messages, but the directive
escape character is '^E' (octal 005) instead of '%'. This was done
to make a misinterpretation of program generated hardstatus lines
impossible. If the parameter STATUS is omitted, the current
default string is displayed. Per default the hardstatus line of
new windows is empty.
-- Command: hstatus status
(none)
Changes the current window's hardstatus line to STATUS.
File: screen.info, Node: Virtual Terminal, Next: Copy and Paste, Prev: Window Settings, Up: Top
11 Virtual Terminal
*******************
Each window in a 'screen' session emulates a VT100 terminal, with some
extra functions added. The VT100 emulator is hard-coded, no other
terminal types can be emulated. The commands described here modify the
terminal emulation.
* Menu:
* Control Sequences:: Details of the internal VT100 emulation.
* Input Translation:: How keystrokes are remapped.
* Digraph:: Entering digraph sequences.
* Bell:: Getting your attention.
* Clear:: Clear the window display.
* Info:: Terminal emulation statistics.
* Redisplay:: When the display gets confusing.
* Wrap:: Automatic margins.
* Reset:: Recovering from ill-behaved applications.
* Window Size:: Changing the size of your terminal.
* Character Processing:: Change the effect of special characters.
File: screen.info, Node: Control Sequences, Next: Input Translation, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.1 Control Sequences
======================
The following is a list of control sequences recognized by 'screen'.
'(V)' and '(A)' indicate VT100-specific and ANSI- or ISO-specific
functions, respectively.
ESC E Next Line
ESC D Index
ESC M Reverse Index
ESC H Horizontal Tab Set
ESC Z Send VT100 Identification String
ESC 7 (V) Save Cursor and Attributes
ESC 8 (V) Restore Cursor and Attributes
ESC [s (A) Save Cursor and Attributes
ESC [u (A) Restore Cursor and Attributes
ESC c Reset to Initial State
ESC g Visual Bell
ESC Pn p Cursor Visibility (97801)
Pn = 6 Invisible
7 Visible
ESC = (V) Application Keypad Mode
ESC > (V) Numeric Keypad Mode
ESC # 8 (V) Fill Screen with E's
ESC \ (A) String Terminator
ESC ^ (A) Privacy Message String (Message Line)
ESC ! Global Message String (Message Line)
ESC k Title Definition String
ESC P (A) Device Control String
Outputs a string directly to the host
terminal without interpretation.
ESC _ (A) Application Program Command (Hardstatus)
ESC ] 0 ; string ^G (A) Operating System Command (Hardstatus, xterm
title hack)
ESC ] 83 ; cmd ^G (A) Execute screen command. This only works if
multi-user support is compiled into screen.
The pseudo-user ":window:" is used to check
the access control list. Use "addacl :window:
-rwx #?" to create a user with no rights and
allow only the needed commands.
Control-N (A) Lock Shift G1 (SO)
Control-O (A) Lock Shift G0 (SI)
ESC n (A) Lock Shift G2
ESC o (A) Lock Shift G3
ESC N (A) Single Shift G2
ESC O (A) Single Shift G3
ESC ( Pcs (A) Designate character set as G0
ESC ) Pcs (A) Designate character set as G1
ESC * Pcs (A) Designate character set as G2
ESC + Pcs (A) Designate character set as G3
ESC [ Pn ; Pn H Direct Cursor Addressing
ESC [ Pn ; Pn f same as above
ESC [ Pn J Erase in Display
Pn = None or 0 From Cursor to End of Screen
1 From Beginning of Screen to Cursor
2 Entire Screen
ESC [ Pn K Erase in Line
Pn = None or 0 From Cursor to End of Line
1 From Beginning of Line to Cursor
2 Entire Line
ESC [ Pn X Erase character
ESC [ Pn A Cursor Up
ESC [ Pn B Cursor Down
ESC [ Pn C Cursor Right
ESC [ Pn D Cursor Left
ESC [ Pn E Cursor next line
ESC [ Pn F Cursor previous line
ESC [ Pn G Cursor horizontal position
ESC [ Pn ` same as above
ESC [ Pn d Cursor vertical position
ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps m Select Graphic Rendition
Ps = None or 0 Default Rendition
1 Bold
2 (A) Faint
3 (A) Standout Mode (ANSI: Italicized)
4 Underlined
5 Blinking
7 Negative Image
22 (A) Normal Intensity
23 (A) Standout Mode off (ANSI: Italicized off)
24 (A) Not Underlined
25 (A) Not Blinking
27 (A) Positive Image
30 (A) Foreground Black
31 (A) Foreground Red
32 (A) Foreground Green
33 (A) Foreground Yellow
34 (A) Foreground Blue
35 (A) Foreground Magenta
36 (A) Foreground Cyan
37 (A) Foreground White
39 (A) Foreground Default
40 (A) Background Black
... ...
49 (A) Background Default
ESC [ Pn g Tab Clear
Pn = None or 0 Clear Tab at Current Position
3 Clear All Tabs
ESC [ Pn ; Pn r (V) Set Scrolling Region
ESC [ Pn I (A) Horizontal Tab
ESC [ Pn Z (A) Backward Tab
ESC [ Pn L (A) Insert Line
ESC [ Pn M (A) Delete Line
ESC [ Pn @ (A) Insert Character
ESC [ Pn P (A) Delete Character
ESC [ Pn S Scroll Scrolling Region Up
ESC [ Pn T Scroll Scrolling Region Down
ESC [ Pn ^ same as above
ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps h Set Mode
ESC [ Ps ;...; Ps l Reset Mode
Ps = 4 (A) Insert Mode
20 (A) 'Automatic Linefeed' Mode.
34 Normal Cursor Visibility
?1 (V) Application Cursor Keys
?3 (V) Change Terminal Width to 132 columns
?5 (V) Reverse Video
?6 (V) 'Origin' Mode
?7 (V) 'Wrap' Mode
?9 X10 mouse tracking
?25 (V) Visible Cursor
?47 Alternate Screen (old xterm code)
?1000 (V) VT200 mouse tracking
?1047 Alternate Screen (new xterm code)
?1049 Alternate Screen (new xterm code)
ESC [ 5 i (A) Start relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)
ESC [ 4 i (A) Stop relay to printer (ANSI Media Copy)
ESC [ 8 ; Ph ; Pw t Resize the window to 'Ph' lines and
'Pw' columns (SunView special)
ESC [ c Send VT100 Identification String
ESC [ x (V) Send Terminal Parameter Report
ESC [ > c Send Secondary Device Attributes String
ESC [ 6 n Send Cursor Position Report
File: screen.info, Node: Input Translation, Next: Digraph, Prev: Control Sequences, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.2 Input Translation
======================
In order to do a full VT100 emulation 'screen' has to detect that a
sequence of characters in the input stream was generated by a keypress
on the user's keyboard and insert the VT100 style escape sequence.
'Screen' has a very flexible way of doing this by making it possible to
map arbitrary commands on arbitrary sequences of characters. For
standard VT100 emulation the command will always insert a string in the
input buffer of the window (see also command 'stuff', *note Paste::).
Because the sequences generated by a keypress can change after a
reattach from a different terminal type, it is possible to bind commands
to the termcap name of the keys. 'Screen' will insert the correct
binding after each reattach. See *note Bindkey:: for further details on
the syntax and examples.
Here is the table of the default key bindings. (A) means that the
command is executed if the keyboard is switched into application mode.
Key name Termcap name Command
-----------------------------------------------------
Cursor up ku stuff \033[A
stuff \033OA (A)
Cursor down kd stuff \033[B
stuff \033OB (A)
Cursor right kr stuff \033[C
stuff \033OC (A)
Cursor left kl stuff \033[D
stuff \033OD (A)
Function key 0 k0 stuff \033[10~
Function key 1 k1 stuff \033OP
Function key 2 k2 stuff \033OQ
Function key 3 k3 stuff \033OR
Function key 4 k4 stuff \033OS
Function key 5 k5 stuff \033[15~
Function key 6 k6 stuff \033[17~
Function key 7 k7 stuff \033[18~
Function key 8 k8 stuff \033[19~
Function key 9 k9 stuff \033[20~
Function key 10 k; stuff \033[21~
Function key 11 F1 stuff \033[23~
Function key 12 F2 stuff \033[24~
Home kh stuff \033[1~
End kH stuff \033[4~
Insert kI stuff \033[2~
Delete kD stuff \033[3~
Page up kP stuff \033[5~
Page down kN stuff \033[6~
Keypad 0 f0 stuff 0
stuff \033Op (A)
Keypad 1 f1 stuff 1
stuff \033Oq (A)
Keypad 2 f2 stuff 2
stuff \033Or (A)
Keypad 3 f3 stuff 3
stuff \033Os (A)
Keypad 4 f4 stuff 4
stuff \033Ot (A)
Keypad 5 f5 stuff 5
stuff \033Ou (A)
Keypad 6 f6 stuff 6
stuff \033Ov (A)
Keypad 7 f7 stuff 7
stuff \033Ow (A)
Keypad 8 f8 stuff 8
stuff \033Ox (A)
Keypad 9 f9 stuff 9
stuff \033Oy (A)
Keypad + f+ stuff +
stuff \033Ok (A)
Keypad - f- stuff -
stuff \033Om (A)
Keypad * f* stuff *
stuff \033Oj (A)
Keypad / f/ stuff /
stuff \033Oo (A)
Keypad = fq stuff =
stuff \033OX (A)
Keypad . f. stuff .
stuff \033On (A)
Keypad , f, stuff ,
stuff \033Ol (A)
Keypad enter fe stuff \015
stuff \033OM (A)
File: screen.info, Node: Digraph, Next: Bell, Prev: Input Translation, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.3 Digraph
============
-- Command: digraph [preset [unicode-value]]
('C-a C-v')
This command prompts the user for a digraph sequence. The next two
characters typed are looked up in a builtin table and the resulting
character is inserted in the input stream. For example, if the
user enters 'a"', an a-umlaut will be inserted. If the first
character entered is a 0 (zero), 'screen' will treat the following
characters (up to three) as an octal number instead. The optional
argument PRESET is treated as user input, thus one can create an
"umlaut" key. For example the command 'bindkey ^K digraph '"''
enables the user to generate an a-umlaut by typing 'CTRL-K a'.
When a non-zero UNICODE-VALUE is specified, a new digraph is
created with the specified preset. The digraph is unset if a zero
value is provided for the UNICODE-VALUE.
The following table is the builtin sequences.
Sequence Octal Digraph Unicode Equivalent
-----------------------------------------------
' ', ' ' 160 (space) U+00A0
'N', 'S' 160 (space) U+00A0
'~', '!' 161 ?? U+00A1
'!', '!' 161 ?? U+00A1
'!', 'I' 161 ?? U+00A1
'c', '|' 162 ?? U+00A2
'c', 't' 162 ?? U+00A2
'$', '$' 163 ?? U+00A3
'P', 'd' 163 ?? U+00A3
'o', 'x' 164 ?? U+00A4
'C', 'u' 164 ?? U+00A4
'C', 'u' 164 ?? U+00A4
'E', 'u' 164 ?? U+00A4
'Y', '-' 165 ?? U+00A5
'Y', 'e' 165 ?? U+00A5
'|', '|' 166 ?? U+00A6
'B', 'B' 166 ?? U+00A6
'p', 'a' 167 ?? U+00A7
'S', 'E' 167 ?? U+00A7
'"', '"' 168 ?? U+00A8
''', ':' 168 ?? U+00A8
'c', 'O' 169 ?(C) U+00A9
'C', 'o' 169 ?(C) U+00A9
'a', '-' 170 ?? U+00AA
'<', '<' 171 ?? U+00AB
'-', ',' 172 ?? U+00AC
'N', 'O' 172 ?? U+00AC
'-', '-' 173 ?? U+00AD
'r', 'O' 174 ?? U+00AE
'R', 'g' 174 ?? U+00AE
'-', '=' 175 ?? U+00AF
''', 'm' 175 ?? U+00AF
'~', 'o' 176 ?? U+00B0
'D', 'G' 176 ?? U+00B0
'+', '-' 177 ?? U+00B1
'2', '2' 178 ?? U+00B2
'2', 'S' 178 ?? U+00B2
'3', '3' 179 ?? U+00B3
'3', 'S' 179 ?? U+00B3
''', ''' 180 ?? U+00B4
'j', 'u' 181 ?? U+00B5
'M', 'y' 181 ?? U+00B5
'p', 'p' 182 ?? U+00B6
'P', 'I' 182 ?? U+00B6
'~', '.' 183 ?? U+00B7
'.', 'M' 183 ?? U+00B7
',', ',' 184 ?? U+00B8
''', ',' 184 ?? U+00B8
'1', '1' 185 ?? U+00B9
'1', 'S' 185 ?? U+00B9
'o', '-' 186 ?? U+00BA
'>', '>' 187 ?>> U+00BB
'1', '4' 188 ?? U+00BC
'1', '2' 189 ?? U+00BD
'3', '4' 190 ?? U+00BE
'~', '?' 191 ?? U+00BF
'?', '?' 191 ?? U+00BF
'?', 'I' 191 ?? U+00BF
'A', '`' 192 ?? U+00C0
'A', '!' 192 ?? U+00C0
'A', ''' 193 ?? U+00C1
'A', '^' 194 ?? U+00C2
'A', '>' 194 ?? U+00C2
'A', '~' 195 ?? U+00C3
'A', '?' 195 ?? U+00C3
'A', '"' 196 ?? U+00C4
'A', ':' 196 ?? U+00C4
'A', '@' 197 ?? U+00C5
'A', 'A' 197 ?? U+00C5
'A', 'E' 198 ?? U+00C6
'C', ',' 199 ?? U+00C7
'E', '`' 200 ?? U+00C8
'E', '!' 200 ?? U+00C8
'E', ''' 201 ?? U+00C9
'E', '^' 202 ?? U+00CA
'E', '>' 202 ?? U+00CA
'E', '"' 203 ?? U+00CB
'E', ':' 203 ?? U+00CB
'I', '`' 204 ?? U+00CC
'I', '!' 204 ?? U+00CC
'I', ''' 205 ?? U+00CD
'I', '^' 206 ?? U+00CE
'I', '>' 206 ?? U+00CE
'I', '"' 207 ?? U+00CF
'I', ':' 207 ?? U+00CF
'D', '-' 208 ?? U+00D0
'N', '~' 209 ?? U+00D1
'N', '?' 209 ?? U+00D1
'O', '`' 210 ?? U+00D2
'O', '!' 210 ?? U+00D2
'O', ''' 211 ?? U+00D3
'O', '^' 212 ?? U+00D4
'O', '>' 212 ?? U+00D4
'O', '~' 213 ?? U+00D5
'O', '?' 213 ?? U+00D5
'O', '"' 214 ?? U+00D6
'O', ':' 214 ?? U+00D6
'/', '\' 215 ?? U+00D7
'*', 'x' 215 ?? U+00D7
'O', '/' 216 ?? U+00D8
'U', '`' 217 ?? U+00D9
'U', '!' 217 ?? U+00D9
'U', ''' 218 ?? U+00DA
'U', '^' 219 ?? U+00DB
'U', '>' 219 ?? U+00DB
'U', '"' 220 ?? U+00DC
'U', ':' 220 ?? U+00DC
'Y', ''' 221 ?? U+00DD
'I', 'p' 222 ?? U+00DE
'T', 'H' 222 ?? U+00DE
's', 's' 223 ?? U+00DF
's', '"' 223 ?? U+00DF
'a', '`' 224 ?? U+00E0
'a', '!' 224 ?? U+00E0
'a', ''' 225 ?? U+00E1
'a', '^' 226 ?? U+00E2
'a', '>' 226 ?? U+00E2
'a', '~' 227 ?? U+00E3
'a', '?' 227 ?? U+00E3
'a', '"' 228 ?? U+00E4
'a', ':' 228 ?? U+00E4
'a', 'a' 229 ?? U+00E5
'a', 'e' 230 ?? U+00E6
'c', ',' 231 ?? U+00E7
'e', '`' 232 ?? U+00E8
'e', '!' 232 ?? U+00E8
'e', ''' 233 ?(C) U+00E9
'e', '^' 234 ?? U+00EA
'e', '>' 234 ?? U+00EA
'e', '"' 235 ?? U+00EB
'e', ':' 235 ?? U+00EB
'i', '`' 236 ?? U+00EC
'i', '!' 236 ?? U+00EC
'i', ''' 237 ?? U+00ED
'i', '^' 238 ?? U+00EE
'i', '>' 238 ?? U+00EE
'i', '"' 239 ?? U+00EF
'i', ':' 239 ?? U+00EF
'd', '-' 240 ?? U+00F0
'n', '~' 241 ?? U+00F1
'n', '?' 241 ?? U+00F1
'o', '`' 242 ?? U+00F2
'o', '!' 242 ?? U+00F2
'o', ''' 243 ?? U+00F3
'o', '^' 244 ?? U+00F4
'o', '>' 244 ?? U+00F4
'o', '~' 245 ?? U+00F5
'o', '?' 245 ?? U+00F5
'o', '"' 246 ?? U+00F6
'o', ':' 246 ?? U+00F6
':', '-' 247 ?? U+00F7
'o', '/' 248 ?? U+00F8
'u', '`' 249 ?? U+00F9
'u', '!' 249 ?? U+00F9
'u', ''' 250 ?? U+00FA
'u', '^' 251 ?>> U+00FB
'u', '>' 251 ?>> U+00FB
'u', '"' 252 ?? U+00FC
'u', ':' 252 ?? U+00FC
'y', ''' 253 ?? U+00FD
'i', 'p' 254 ?? U+00FE
't', 'h' 254 ?? U+00FE
'y', '"' 255 ?? U+00FF
'y', ':' 255 ?? U+00FF
'"', '[' 196 ?? U+00C4
'"', '\' 214 ?? U+00D6
'"', ']' 220 ?? U+00DC
'"', '{' 228 ?? U+00E4
'"', '|' 246 ?? U+00F6
'"', '}' 252 ?? U+00FC
'"', '~' 223 ?? U+00DF
File: screen.info, Node: Bell, Next: Clear, Prev: Digraph, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.4 Bell
=========
-- Command: bell_msg [message]
(none)
When a bell character is sent to a background window, 'screen'
displays a notification in the message line. The notification
message can be re-defined by this command. Each occurrence of '%'
in MESSAGE is replaced by the number of the window to which a bell
has been sent, and each occurrence of '^G' is replaced by the
definition for bell in your termcap (usually an audible bell). The
default message is
'Bell in window %n'
An empty message can be supplied to the 'bell_msg' command to
suppress output of a message line ('bell_msg ""'). Without a
parameter, the current message is shown.
-- Command: vbell [state]
('C-a C-g')
Sets or toggles the visual bell setting for the current window. If
'vbell' is switched to 'on', but your terminal does not support a
visual bell, the visual bell message is displayed in the status
line when the bell character is received. Visual bell support of a
terminal is defined by the termcap variable 'vb'. *Note Visual
Bell: (termcap)Bell, for more information on visual bells. The
equivalent terminfo capability is 'flash'.
Per default, 'vbell' is 'off', thus the audible bell is used.
-- Command: vbell_msg [message]
(none)
Sets the visual bell message. MESSAGE is printed to the status
line if the window receives a bell character (^G), 'vbell' is set
to 'on' and the terminal does not support a visual bell. The
default message is 'Wuff, Wuff!!'. Without a parameter, the
current message is shown.
-- Command: vbellwait sec
(none)
Define a delay in seconds after each display of 'screen' 's visual
bell message. The default is 1 second.
File: screen.info, Node: Clear, Next: Info, Prev: Bell, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.5 Clear
==========
-- Command: clear
('C-a C')
Clears the screen and saves its contents to the scrollback buffer.
File: screen.info, Node: Info, Next: Redisplay, Prev: Clear, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.6 Info
=========
-- Command: info
('C-a i', 'C-a C-i')
Uses the message line to display some information about the current
window: the cursor position in the form '(COLUMN,ROW)' starting
with '(1,1)', the terminal width and height plus the size of the
scrollback buffer in lines, like in '(80,24)+50', the current state
of window XON/XOFF flow control is shown like this (*note Flow
Control::):
+flow automatic flow control, currently on.
-flow automatic flow control, currently off.
+(+)flow flow control enabled. Agrees with automatic control.
-(+)flow flow control disabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
+(-)flow flow control enabled. Disagrees with automatic control.
-(-)flow flow control disabled. Agrees with automatic control.
The current line wrap setting ('+wrap' indicates enabled, '-wrap'
not) is also shown. The flags 'ins', 'org', 'app', 'log', 'mon'
and 'nored' are displayed when the window is in insert mode, origin
mode, application-keypad mode, has output logging, activity
monitoring or partial redraw enabled.
The currently active character set ('G0', 'G1', 'G2', or 'G3'), and
in square brackets the terminal character sets that are currently
designated as 'G0' through 'G3'. If the window is in UTF-8 mode,
the string 'UTF-8' is shown instead. Additional modes depending on
the type of the window are displayed at the end of the status line
(*note Window Types::).
If the state machine of the terminal emulator is in a non-default
state, the info line is started with a string identifying the
current state.
For system information use 'time'.
-- Command: dinfo
(none)
Show what 'screen' thinks about your terminal. Useful if you want
to know why features like color or the alternate charset don't
work.
File: screen.info, Node: Redisplay, Next: Wrap, Prev: Info, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.7 Redisplay
==============
-- Command: allpartial state
(none)
If set to on, only the current cursor line is refreshed on window
change. This affects all windows and is useful for slow terminal
lines. The previous setting of full/partial refresh for each
window is restored with 'allpartial off'. This is a global flag
that immediately takes effect on all windows overriding the
'partial' settings. It does not change the default redraw behavior
of newly created windows.
-- Command: altscreen state
(none)
If set to on, "alternate screen" support is enabled in virtual
terminals, just like in xterm. Initial setting is 'off'.
-- Command: partial state
(none)
Defines whether the display should be refreshed (as with
'redisplay') after switching to the current window. This command
only affects the current window. To immediately affect all windows
use the 'allpartial' command. Default is 'off', of course. This
default is fixed, as there is currently no 'defpartial' command.
-- Command: redisplay
('C-a l', 'C-a C-l')
Redisplay the current window. Needed to get a full redisplay in
partial redraw mode.
File: screen.info, Node: Wrap, Next: Reset, Prev: Redisplay, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.8 Wrap
=========
-- Command: wrap [ on | off ]
('C-a r', 'C-a C-r')
Sets the line-wrap setting for the current window. When line-wrap
is on, the second consecutive printable character output at the
last column of a line will wrap to the start of the following line.
As an added feature, backspace (^H) will also wrap through the left
margin to the previous line. Default is 'on'. Without any
options, the state of 'wrap' is toggled.
-- Command: defwrap state
(none)
Same as the 'wrap' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. Initially line-wrap is on and can be toggled
with the 'wrap' command ('C-a r') or by means of "C-a : wrap
on|off".
File: screen.info, Node: Reset, Next: Window Size, Prev: Wrap, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.9 Reset
==========
-- Command: reset
('C-a Z')
Reset the virtual terminal to its "power-on" values. Useful when
strange settings (like scroll regions or graphics character set)
are left over from an application.
File: screen.info, Node: Window Size, Next: Character Processing, Prev: Reset, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.10 Window Size
=================
-- Command: width ['-w'|'-d'] [cols [lines]]
('C-a W')
Toggle the window width between 80 and 132 columns, or set it to
COLS columns if an argument is specified. This requires a capable
terminal and the termcap entries 'Z0' and 'Z1'. See the 'termcap'
command (*note Termcap::), for more information. You can also
specify a height if you want to change both values. The '-w'
option tells screen to leave the display size unchanged and just
set the window size, '-d' vice versa.
-- Command: height ['-w'|'-d'] [lines [cols]]
(none)
Set the display height to a specified number of lines. When no
argument is given it toggles between 24 and 42 lines display.
File: screen.info, Node: Character Processing, Prev: Window Size, Up: Virtual Terminal
11.11 Character Processing
==========================
-- Command: c1 [state]
(none)
Change c1 code processing. 'c1 on' tells screen to treat the input
characters between 128 and 159 as control functions. Such an 8-bit
code is normally the same as ESC followed by the corresponding
7-bit code. The default setting is to process c1 codes and can be
changed with the 'defc1' command. Users with fonts that have
usable characters in the c1 positions may want to turn this off.
-- Command: gr [state]
(none)
Turn GR charset switching on/off. Whenever screen sees an input
char with an 8th bit set, it will use the charset stored in the GR
slot and print the character with the 8th bit stripped. The
default (see also 'defgr') is not to process GR switching because
otherwise the ISO88591 charset would not work.
-- Command: bce [state]
(none)
Change background-color-erase setting. If 'bce' is set to on, all
characters cleared by an erase/insert/scroll/clear operation will
be displayed in the current background color. Otherwise the
default background color is used.
-- Command: encoding enc [denc]
(none)
Tell screen how to interpret the input/output. The first argument
sets the encoding of the current window. Each window can emulate a
different encoding. The optional second parameter overwrites the
encoding of the connected terminal. It should never be needed as
screen uses the locale setting to detect the encoding. There is
also a way to select a terminal encoding depending on the terminal
type by using the 'KJ' termcap entry. *Note Special
Capabilities::.
Supported encodings are 'eucJP', 'SJIS', 'eucKR', 'eucCN', 'Big5',
'GBK', 'KOI8-R', 'CP1251', 'UTF-8', 'ISO8859-2', 'ISO8859-3',
'ISO8859-4', 'ISO8859-5', 'ISO8859-6', 'ISO8859-7', 'ISO8859-8',
'ISO8859-9', 'ISO8859-10', 'ISO8859-15', 'jis'.
See also 'defencoding', which changes the default setting of a new
window.
-- Command: charset set
(none)
Change the current character set slot designation and charset
mapping. The first four character of SET are treated as charset
designators while the fifth and sixth character must be in range
'0' to '3' and set the GL/GR charset mapping. On every position a
'.' may be used to indicate that the corresponding charset/mapping
should not be changed (SET is padded to six characters internally
by appending '.' chars). New windows have 'BBBB02' as default
charset, unless a 'encoding' command is active.
The current setting can be viewed with the *note Info:: command.
-- Command: utf8 [state [dstate]]
(none)
Change the encoding used in the current window. If utf8 is
enabled, the strings sent to the window will be UTF-8 encoded and
vice versa. Omitting the parameter toggles the setting. If a
second parameter is given, the display's encoding is also changed
(this should rather be done with screen's '-U' option). See also
'defutf8', which changes the default setting of a new window.
-- Command: defc1 state
(none)
Same as the 'c1' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. Initial setting is 'on'.
-- Command: defgr state
(none)
Same as the 'gr' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. Initial setting is 'off'.
-- Command: defbce state
(none)
Same as the 'bce' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. Initial setting is 'off'.
-- Command: defencoding enc
(none)
Same as the 'encoding' command except that the default setting for
new windows is changed. Initial setting is the encoding taken from
the terminal.
-- Command: defcharset [set]
(none)
Like the 'charset' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. Shows current default if called without
argument.
-- Command: defutf8 state
(none)
Same as the 'utf8' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. Initial setting is 'on' if screen was started
with '-U', otherwise 'off'.
-- Command: cjkwidth [state]
(none)
Toggle how ambiguoous characters are treated. If cjkwidth is on
screen interprets them as double (full) width characters. If off
then they are seen as one cell (half) width characters.
File: screen.info, Node: Copy and Paste, Next: Subprocess Execution, Prev: Virtual Terminal, Up: Top
12 Copy and Paste
*****************
For those confined to a hardware terminal, these commands provide a cut
and paste facility more powerful than those provided by most windowing
systems.
* Menu:
* Copy:: Copy from scrollback to buffer
* Paste:: Paste from buffer into window
* Registers:: Longer-term storage
* Screen Exchange:: Sharing data between screen users
* History:: Recalling previous input
File: screen.info, Node: Copy, Next: Paste, Up: Copy and Paste
12.1 Copying
============
-- Command: copy
('C-a [', 'C-a C-[', 'C-a <ESC>')
Enter copy/scrollback mode. This allows you to copy text from the
current window and its history into the paste buffer. In this mode
a 'vi'-like full screen editor is active, with controls as outlined
below.
* Menu:
* Line Termination:: End copied lines with CR/LF
* Scrollback:: Set the size of the scrollback buffer
* Copy Mode Keys:: Remap keys in copy mode
* Movement:: Move around in the scrollback buffer
* Marking:: Select the text you want
* Repeat count:: Repeat a command
* Searching:: Find the text you want
* Specials:: Other random keys
File: screen.info, Node: Line Termination, Next: Scrollback, Up: Copy
12.1.1 CR/LF
------------
-- Command: crlf [state]
(none)
This affects the copying of text regions with the 'copy' command.
If it is set to 'on', lines will be separated by the two character
sequence 'CR'/'LF'. Otherwise only 'LF' is used. 'crlf' is off by
default. When no parameter is given, the state is toggled.
File: screen.info, Node: Scrollback, Next: Copy Mode Keys, Prev: Line Termination, Up: Copy
12.1.2 Scrollback
-----------------
To access and use the contents in the scrollback buffer, use the 'copy'
command. *Note Copy::.
-- Command: defscrollback num
(none)
Same as the 'scrollback' command except that the default setting
for new windows is changed. Defaults to 100.
-- Command: scrollback num
(none)
Set the size of the scrollback buffer for the current window to NUM
lines. The default scrollback is 100 lines. Use 'info' to view
the current setting.
-- Command: compacthist [state]
(none)
This tells screen whether to suppress trailing blank lines when
scrolling up text into the history buffer. Turn compacting 'on' to
hold more useful lines in your scrollback buffer.
File: screen.info, Node: Copy Mode Keys, Next: Movement, Prev: Scrollback, Up: Copy
12.1.3 Markkeys
---------------
-- Command: markkeys string
(none)
This is a method of changing the keymap used for copy/history mode.
The string is made up of OLDCHAR=NEWCHAR pairs which are separated
by ':'. Example: The command 'markkeys h=^B:l=^F:$=^E' would set
some keys to be more familiar to 'emacs' users. If your terminal
sends characters, that cause you to abort copy mode, then this
command may help by binding these characters to do nothing. The
no-op character is '@' and is used like this: 'markkeys @=L=H' if
you do not want to use the 'H' or 'L' commands any longer. As
shown in this example, multiple keys can be assigned to one
function in a single statement.
File: screen.info, Node: Movement, Next: Marking, Prev: Copy Mode Keys, Up: Copy
12.1.4 Movement Keys
--------------------
'h', 'C-h', or 'left arrow' move the cursor left.
'j', 'C-n', or 'down arrow' move the cursor down.
'k', 'C-p', or 'up arrow' move the cursor up.
'l' ('el'), or 'right arrow' move the cursor right.
'0' (zero) or 'C-a' move to the leftmost column.
'+' and '-' move the cursor to the leftmost column of the next or
previous line.
'H', 'M' and 'L' move the cursor to the leftmost column of the top,
center or bottom line of the window.
'|' moves to the specified absolute column.
'g' or 'home' moves to the beginning of the buffer.
'G' or 'end' moves to the specified absolute line (default: end of
buffer).
'%' jumps to the specified percentage of the buffer.
'^' or '$' move to the first or last non-whitespace character on the
line.
'w', 'b', and 'e' move the cursor word by word.
'B', 'E' move the cursor WORD by WORD (as in vi).
'f'/'F', 't'/'T' move the cursor forward/backward to the next occurence
of the target. (eg, '3fy' will move the cursor to the 3rd 'y' to the
right.)
';' and ',' Repeat the last f/F/t/T command in the same/opposite
direction.
'C-e' and 'C-y' scroll the display up/down by one line while preserving
the cursor position.
'C-u' and 'C-d' scroll the display up/down by the specified amount of
lines while preserving the cursor position. (Default: half screenful).
'C-b' and 'C-f' move the cursor up/down a full screen.
Note that Emacs-style movement keys can be specified by a .screenrc
command. ('markkeys "h=^B:l=^F:$=^E"') There is no simple method for a
full emacs-style keymap, however, as this involves multi-character
codes.
File: screen.info, Node: Marking, Next: Repeat count, Prev: Movement, Up: Copy
12.1.5 Marking
--------------
The copy range is specified by setting two marks. The text between
these marks will be highlighted. Press:
'space' or 'enter' to set the first or second mark respectively. If
'mousetrack' is set to 'on', marks can also be set using 'left mouse
click'.
'Y' and 'y' can be used to mark one whole line or to mark from start of
line.
'W' marks exactly one word.
File: screen.info, Node: Repeat count, Next: Searching, Prev: Marking, Up: Copy
12.1.6 Repeat Count
-------------------
Any command in copy mode can be prefixed with a number (by pressing
digits '0...9') which is taken as a repeat count. Example:
C-a C-[ H 10 j 5 Y
will copy lines 11 to 15 into the paste buffer.
File: screen.info, Node: Searching, Next: Specials, Prev: Repeat count, Up: Copy
12.1.7 Searching
----------------
'/' 'vi'-like search forward.
'?' 'vi'-like search backward.
'C-a s' 'emacs' style incremental search forward.
'C-r' 'emacs' style reverse i-search.
-- Command: ignorecase [on|off]
(none)
Tell screen to ignore the case of characters in searches. Default
is 'off'. Without any options, the state of 'ignorecase' is
toggled.
'n' Repeat search in forward direction.
'N' Repeat search in backward direction.
File: screen.info, Node: Specials, Prev: Searching, Up: Copy
12.1.8 Specials
---------------
There are, however, some keys that act differently here from in 'vi'.
'Vi' does not allow to yank rectangular blocks of text, but 'screen'
does. Press:
'c' or 'C' to set the left or right margin respectively. If no repeat
count is given, both default to the current cursor position.
Example: Try this on a rather full text screen:
C-a [ M 20 l SPACE c 10 l 5 j C SPACE.
This moves one to the middle line of the screen, moves in 20 columns
left, marks the beginning of the paste buffer, sets the left column,
moves 5 columns down, sets the right column, and then marks the end of
the paste buffer. Now try:
C-a [ M 20 l SPACE 10 l 5 j SPACE
and notice the difference in the amount of text copied.
'J' joins lines. It toggles between 4 modes: lines separated by a
newline character (012), lines glued seamless, lines separated by a
single space or comma separated lines. Note that you can prepend the
newline character with a carriage return character, by issuing a 'set
crlf on'.
'v' or 'V' is for all the 'vi' users who use ':set numbers' - it toggles
the left margin between column 9 and 1.
'a' before the final 'space' key turns on append mode. Thus the
contents of the paste buffer will not be overwritten, but appended to.
'A' turns on append mode and sets a (second) mark.
'>' sets the (second) mark and writes the contents of the paste buffer
to the screen-exchange file ('/tmp/screen-exchange' per default) once
copy-mode is finished. *Note Screen Exchange::.
This example demonstrates how to dump the whole scrollback buffer to
that file:
C-a [ g SPACE G $ >.
'C-g' gives information about the current line and column.
'x' or 'o' ('oh') exchanges the first mark and the current cursor
position. You can use this to adjust an already placed mark.
'C-l' ('el') will redraw the screen.
'@' does nothing. Absolutely nothing. Does not even exit copy mode.
All keys not described here exit copy mode.
File: screen.info, Node: Paste, Next: Registers, Prev: Copy, Up: Copy and Paste
12.2 Paste
==========
-- Command: paste [registers [destination]]
('C-a ]', 'C-a C-]')
Write the (concatenated) contents of the specified registers to the
stdin stream of the current window. The register '.' is treated as
the paste buffer. If no parameter is specified the user is
prompted to enter a single register. The paste buffer can be
filled with the 'copy', 'history' and 'readbuf' commands. Other
registers can be filled with the 'register', 'readreg' and 'paste'
commands. If 'paste' is called with a second argument, the
contents of the specified registers is pasted into the named
destination register rather than the window. If '.' is used as the
second argument, the display's paste buffer is the destination.
Note, that 'paste' uses a wide variety of resources: Usually both,
a current window and a current display are required. But whenever
a second argument is specified no current window is needed. When
the source specification only contains registers (not the paste
buffer) then there need not be a current display (terminal
attached), as the registers are a global resource. The paste
buffer exists once for every user.
-- Command: stuff [string]
(none)
Stuff the string STRING in the input buffer of the current window.
This is like the 'paste' command, but with much less overhead.
Without a paramter, 'screen' will prompt for a string to stuff.
You cannot paste large buffers with the 'stuff' command. It is
most useful for key bindings. *Note Bindkey::.
-- Command: pastefont [state]
Tell screen to include font information in the paste buffer. The
default is not to do so. This command is especially useful for
multi character fonts like kanji.
-- Command: slowpaste msec
-- Command: defslowpaste msec
(none)
Define the speed text is inserted in the current window by the
'paste' command. If the slowpaste value is nonzero text is written
character by character. 'screen' will pause for MSEC milliseconds
after each write to allow the application to process the input.
only use 'slowpaste' if your underlying system exposes flow control
problems while pasting large amounts of text. 'defslowpaste'
specifies the default for new windows.
-- Command: readreg [-e encoding] [register [filename]]
(none)
Does one of two things, dependent on number of arguments: with zero
or one arguments it it duplicates the paste buffer contents into
the register specified or entered at the prompt. With two
arguments it reads the contents of the named file into the
register, just as 'readbuf' reads the screen-exchange file into the
paste buffer. You can tell screen the encoding of the file via the
'-e' option. The following example will paste the system's
password file into the screen window (using register p, where a
copy remains):
C-a : readreg p /etc/passwd
C-a : paste p
File: screen.info, Node: Registers, Next: Screen Exchange, Prev: Paste, Up: Copy and Paste
12.3 Registers
==============
-- Command: copy_reg [key]
(none)
Removed. Use 'readreg' instead.
-- Command: ins_reg [key]
(none)
Removed. Use 'paste' instead.
-- Command: process [key]
(none)
Stuff the contents of the specified register into the 'screen'
input queue. If no argument is given you are prompted for a
register name. The text is parsed as if it had been typed in from
the user's keyboard. This command can be used to bind multiple
actions to a single key.
-- Command: register [-e encoding] key string
(none)
Save the specified STRING to the register KEY. The encoding of the
string can be specified via the '-e' option.
File: screen.info, Node: Screen Exchange, Next: History, Prev: Registers, Up: Copy and Paste
12.4 Screen Exchange
====================
-- Command: bufferfile [EXCHANGE-FILE]
(none)
Change the filename used for reading and writing with the paste
buffer. If the EXCHANGE-FILE parameter is omitted, 'screen'
reverts to the default of '/tmp/screen-exchange'. The following
example will paste the system's password file into the screen
window (using the paste buffer, where a copy remains):
C-a : bufferfile /etc/passwd
C-a < C-a ]
C-a : bufferfile
-- Command: readbuf [-e ENCODING] [FILENAME]
('C-a <')
Reads the contents of the specified file into the paste buffer.
You can tell screen the encoding of the file via the '-e' option.
If no file is specified, the screen-exchange filename is used.
-- Command: removebuf
('C-a =')
Unlinks the screen-exchange file.
-- Command: writebuf [-e ENCODING] [FILENAME]
('C-a >')
Writes the contents of the paste buffer to the specified file, or
the public accessible screen-exchange file if no filename is given.
This is thought of as a primitive means of communication between
'screen' users on the same host. If an encoding is specified the
paste buffer is recoded on the fly to match the encoding. See also
'C-a <ESC>' (*note Copy::).
File: screen.info, Node: History, Prev: Screen Exchange, Up: Copy and Paste
12.5 History
============
-- Command: history
('C-a {', 'C-a }')
Usually users work with a shell that allows easy access to previous
commands. For example, 'csh' has the command '!!' to repeat the
last command executed. 'screen' provides a primitive way of
recalling "the command that started ...": You just type the first
letter of that command, then hit 'C-a {' and 'screen' tries to find
a previous line that matches with the prompt character to the left
of the cursor. This line is pasted into this window's input queue.
Thus you have a crude command history (made up by the visible
window and its scrollback buffer).
File: screen.info, Node: Subprocess Execution, Next: Key Binding, Prev: Copy and Paste, Up: Top
13 Subprocess Execution
***********************
Control Input or Output of a window by another filter process. Use with
care!
* Menu:
* Exec:: The 'exec' command syntax.
* Using Exec:: Weird things that filters can do.
File: screen.info, Node: Exec, Next: Using Exec, Up: Subprocess Execution
13.1 Exec
=========
-- Command: exec [[FDPAT] NEWCOMMAND [ARGS ... ]]
(none)
Run a unix subprocess (specified by an executable path NEWCOMMAND
and its optional arguments) in the current window. The flow of
data between newcommands stdin/stdout/stderr, the process
originally started (let us call it "application-process") and
screen itself (window) is controlled by the file descriptor pattern
FDPAT. This pattern is basically a three character sequence
representing stdin, stdout and stderr of newcommand. A dot ('.')
connects the file descriptor to screen. An exclamation mark ('!')
causes the file descriptor to be connected to the
application-process. A colon (':') combines both.
User input will go to newcommand unless newcommand receives the
application-process' output (FDPATs first character is '!' or ':')
or a pipe symbol ('|') is added to the end of FDPAT.
Invoking 'exec' without arguments shows name and arguments of the
currently running subprocess in this window. Only one subprocess
can be running per window.
When a subprocess is running the 'kill' command will affect it
instead of the windows process. Only one subprocess a time can be
running in each window.
Refer to the postscript file 'doc/fdpat.ps' for a confusing
illustration of all 21 possible combinations. Each drawing shows
the digits 2, 1, 0 representing the three file descriptors of
newcommand. The box marked 'W' is usual pty that has the
application-process on its slave side. The box marked 'P' is the
secondary pty that now has screen at its master side.
File: screen.info, Node: Using Exec, Prev: Exec, Up: Subprocess Execution
13.2 Using Exec
===============
Abbreviations:
* Whitespace between the word 'exec' and FDPAT and the command name
can be omitted.
* Trailing dots and a FDPAT consisting only of dots can be omitted.
* A simple '|' is synonymous for the '!..|' pattern.
* The word 'exec' can be omitted when the '|' abbreviation is used.
* The word 'exec' can always be replaced by leading '!'.
Examples:
'!/bin/sh'
'exec /bin/sh'
'exec ... /bin/sh'
All of the above are equivalent. Creates another shell in the same
window, while the original shell is still running. Output of both
shells is displayed and user input is sent to the new '/bin/sh'.
'!!stty 19200'
'exec!stty 19200'
'exec !.. stty 19200'
All of the above are equivalent. Set the speed of the window's
tty. If your stty command operates on stdout, then add another
'!'. This is a useful command, when a screen window is directly
connected to a serial line that needs to be configured.
'|less'
'exec !..| less'
Both are equivalent. This adds a pager to the window output. The
special character '|' is needed to give the user control over the
pager although it gets its input from the window's process. This
works, because 'less' listens on stderr (a behavior that 'screen'
would not expect without the '|') when its stdin is not a tty.
'Less' versions newer than 177 fail miserably here; good old 'pg'
still works.
'!:sed -n s/.*Error.*/\007/p'
Sends window output to both, the user and the sed command. The sed
inserts an additional bell character (oct. 007) to the window
output seen by screen. This will cause 'Bell in window x'
messages, whenever the string 'Error' appears in the window.
File: screen.info, Node: Key Binding, Next: Flow Control, Prev: Subprocess Execution, Up: Top
14 Key Binding
**************
You may disagree with some of the default bindings (I know I do). The
'bind' command allows you to redefine them to suit your preferences.
* Menu:
* Bind:: 'bind' syntax.
* Bind Examples:: Using 'bind'.
* Command Character:: The character used to start keyboard commands.
* Help:: Show current key bindings.
* Bindkey:: 'bindkey' syntax.
* Bindkey Examples:: Some easy examples.
* Bindkey Control:: How to control the bindkey mechanism.
File: screen.info, Node: Bind, Next: Bind Examples, Up: Key Binding
14.1 The 'bind' command
=======================
-- Command: bind [-c class] key [command [args]]
(none)
Bind a command to a key. The KEY argument is either a single
character, a two-character sequence of the form '^x' (meaning
'C-x'), a backslash followed by an octal number (specifying the
ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second
character, such as '\^' or '\\'. The argument can also be quoted,
if you like. If no further argument is given, any previously
established binding for this key is removed. The COMMAND argument
can be any command (*note Command Index::).
If a command class is specified via the '-c' option, the key is
bound for the specified class. Use the 'command' command to
activate a class. Command classes can be used to create multiple
command keys or multi-character bindings.
By default, most suitable commands are bound to one or more keys
(*note Default Key Bindings::); for instance, the command to create
a new window is bound to 'C-c' and 'c'. The 'bind' command can be
used to redefine the key bindings and to define new bindings.
-- Command: unbindall
(none)
Unbind all the bindings. This can be useful when screen is used
solely for its detaching abilities, such as when letting a console
application run as a daemon. If, for some reason, it is necessary
to bind commands after this, use 'screen -X'.
File: screen.info, Node: Bind Examples, Next: Command Character, Prev: Bind, Up: Key Binding
14.2 Examples of the 'bind' command
===================================
Some examples:
bind ' ' windows
bind ^f screen telnet foobar
bind \033 screen -ln -t root -h 1000 9 su
would bind the space key to the command that displays a list of windows
(so that the command usually invoked by 'C-a C-w' would also be
available as 'C-a space'), bind 'C-f' to the command "create a window
with a TELNET connection to foobar", and bind <ESC> to the command that
creates an non-login window with title 'root' in slot #9, with a
superuser shell and a scrollback buffer of 1000 lines.
bind -c demo1 0 select 10
bind -c demo1 1 select 11
bind -c demo1 2 select 12
bindkey "^B" command -c demo1
makes 'C-b 0' select window 10, 'C-b 1' window 11, etc.
bind -c demo2 0 select 10
bind -c demo2 1 select 11
bind -c demo2 2 select 12
bind - command -c demo2
makes 'C-a - 0' select window 10, 'C-a - 1' window 11, etc.
File: screen.info, Node: Command Character, Next: Help, Prev: Bind Examples, Up: Key Binding
14.3 Command Character
======================
-- Command: escape xy
(none)
Set the command character to X and the character generating a
literal command character (by triggering the 'meta' command) to Y
(similar to the '-e' option). Each argument is either a single
character, a two-character sequence of the form '^x' (meaning
'C-x'), a backslash followed by an octal number (specifying the
ASCII code of the character), or a backslash followed by a second
character, such as '\^' or '\\'. The default is '^Aa', but '``' is
recommended by one of the authors.
-- Command: defescape xy
(none)
Set the default command characters. This is equivalent to the
command 'escape' except that it is useful for multiuser sessions
only. In a multiuser session 'escape' changes the command
character of the calling user, where 'defescape' changes the
default command characters for users that will be added later.
-- Command: meta
('C-a a')
Send the command character ('C-a') to the process in the current
window. The keystroke for this command is the second parameter to
the '-e' command line switch (*note Invoking Screen::), or the
'escape' .screenrc directive.
-- Command: command [-c CLASS]
(none)
This command has the same effect as typing the screen escape
character ('C-a'). It is probably only useful for key bindings.
If the '-c' option is given, select the specified command class.
*Note Bind::, *Note Bindkey::.
File: screen.info, Node: Help, Next: Bindkey, Prev: Command Character, Up: Key Binding
14.4 Help
=========
-- Command: help
('C-a ?')
Displays a help screen showing you all the key bindings. The first
pages list all the internal commands followed by their bindings.
Subsequent pages will display the custom commands, one command per
key. Press space when you're done reading each page, or return to
exit early. All other characters are ignored. If the '-c' option
is given, display all bound commands for the specified command
class. *Note Default Key Bindings::.
File: screen.info, Node: Bindkey, Next: Bindkey Examples, Prev: Help, Up: Key Binding
14.5 Bindkey
============
-- Command: bindkey [OPTS] [STRING [CMD ARGS]]
(none)
This command manages screen's input translation tables. Every
entry in one of the tables tells screen how to react if a certain
sequence of characters is encountered. There are three tables: one
that should contain actions programmed by the user, one for the
default actions used for terminal emulation and one for screen's
copy mode to do cursor movement. See *note Input Translation:: for
a list of default key bindings.
If the '-d' option is given, bindkey modifies the default table,
'-m' changes the copy mode table and with neither option the user
table is selected. The argument 'string' is the sequence of
characters to which an action is bound. This can either be a fixed
string or a termcap keyboard capability name (selectable with the
'-k' option).
Some keys on a VT100 terminal can send a different string if
application mode is turned on (e.g. the cursor keys). Such keys
have two entries in the translation table. You can select the
application mode entry by specifying the '-a' option.
The '-t' option tells screen not to do inter-character timing. One
cannot turn off the timing if a termcap capability is used.
'cmd' can be any of screen's commands with an arbitrary number of
'args'. If 'cmd' is omitted the key-binding is removed from the
table.
File: screen.info, Node: Bindkey Examples, Next: Bindkey Control, Prev: Bindkey, Up: Key Binding
14.6 Bindkey Examples
=====================
Here are some examples of keyboard bindings:
bindkey -d
Show all of the default key bindings. The application mode entries are
marked with [A].
bindkey -k k1 select 1
Make the "F1" key switch to window one.
bindkey -t foo stuff barfoo
Make 'foo' an abbreviation of the word 'barfoo'. Timeout is disabled so
that users can type slowly.
bindkey "\024" mapdefault
This key-binding makes 'C-t' an escape character for key-bindings. If
you did the above 'stuff barfoo' binding, you can enter the word 'foo'
by typing 'C-t foo'. If you want to insert a 'C-t' you have to press
the key twice (i.e., escape the escape binding).
bindkey -k F1 command
Make the F11 (not F1!) key an alternative screen escape (besides
'C-a').
File: screen.info, Node: Bindkey Control, Prev: Bindkey Examples, Up: Key Binding
14.7 Bindkey Control
====================
-- Command: mapdefault
(none)
Tell screen that the next input character should only be looked up
in the default bindkey table.
-- Command: mapnotnext
(none)
Like mapdefault, but don't even look in the default bindkey table.
-- Command: maptimeout n
(none)
Set the inter-character timer for input sequence detection to a
timeout of N ms. The default timeout is 300ms. Maptimeout with no
arguments shows the current setting.
File: screen.info, Node: Flow Control, Next: Termcap, Prev: Key Binding, Up: Top
15 Flow Control
***************
'screen' can trap flow control characters or pass them to the program,
as you see fit. This is useful when your terminal wants to use XON/XOFF
flow control and you are running a program which wants to use ^S/^Q for
other purposes (i.e. 'emacs').
* Menu:
* Flow Control Summary:: The effect of 'screen' flow control
* Flow:: Setting the flow control behavior
* XON/XOFF:: Sending XON or XOFF to the window
File: screen.info, Node: Flow Control Summary, Next: Flow, Up: Flow Control
15.1 About 'screen' flow control settings
=========================================
Each window has a flow-control setting that determines how screen deals
with the XON and XOFF characters (and perhaps the interrupt character).
When flow-control is turned off, screen ignores the XON and XOFF
characters, which allows the user to send them to the current program by
simply typing them (useful for the 'emacs' editor, for instance). The
trade-off is that it will take longer for output from a "normal" program
to pause in response to an XOFF. With flow-control turned on, XON and
XOFF characters are used to immediately pause the output of the current
window. You can still send these characters to the current program, but
you must use the appropriate two-character screen commands (typically
'C-a q' (xon) and 'C-a s' (xoff)). The xon/xoff commands are also
useful for typing C-s and C-q past a terminal that intercepts these
characters.
Each window has an initial flow-control value set with either the
'-f' option or the 'defflow' command. By default the windows are set to
automatic flow-switching. It can then be toggled between the three
states 'fixed on', 'fixed off' and 'automatic' interactively with the
'flow' command bound to 'C-a f'.
The automatic flow-switching mode deals with flow control using the
TIOCPKT mode (like 'rlogin' does). If the tty driver does not support
TIOCPKT, screen tries to determine the right mode based on the current
setting of the application keypad -- when it is enabled, flow-control is
turned off and visa versa. Of course, you can still manipulate
flow-control manually when needed.
If you're running with flow-control enabled and find that pressing
the interrupt key (usually C-c) does not interrupt the display until
another 6-8 lines have scrolled by, try running screen with the
'interrupt' option (add the 'interrupt' flag to the 'flow' command in
your .screenrc, or use the '-i' command-line option). This causes the
output that 'screen' has accumulated from the interrupted program to be
flushed. One disadvantage is that the virtual terminal's memory
contains the non-flushed version of the output, which in rare cases can
cause minor inaccuracies in the output. For example, if you switch
screens and return, or update the screen with 'C-a l' you would see the
version of the output you would have gotten without 'interrupt' being
on. Also, you might need to turn off flow-control (or use auto-flow
mode to turn it off automatically) when running a program that expects
you to type the interrupt character as input, as the 'interrupt'
parameter only takes effect when flow-control is enabled. If your
program's output is interrupted by mistake, a simple refresh of the
screen with 'C-a l' will restore it. Give each mode a try, and use
whichever mode you find more comfortable.
File: screen.info, Node: Flow, Next: XON/XOFF, Prev: Flow Control Summary, Up: Flow Control
15.2 Flow
=========
-- Command: defflow fstate [interrupt]
(none)
Same as the 'flow' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. Initial setting is 'auto'. Specifying 'flow
auto interrupt' has the same effect as the command-line options
'-fa' and '-i'. Note that if 'interrupt' is enabled, all existing
displays are changed immediately to forward interrupt signals.
-- Command: flow [fstate]
('C-a f', 'C-a C-f')
Sets the flow-control mode for this window to FSTATE, which can be
'on', 'off' or 'auto'. Without parameters it cycles the current
window's flow-control setting. Default is set by 'defflow'.
File: screen.info, Node: XON/XOFF, Prev: Flow, Up: Flow Control
15.3 XON and XOFF
=================
-- Command: xon
('C-a q', 'C-a C-q')
Send a ^Q (ASCII XON) to the program in the current window.
Redundant if flow control is set to 'off' or 'auto'.
-- Command: xoff
('C-a s', 'C-a C-s')
Send a ^S (ASCII XOFF) to the program in the current window.
File: screen.info, Node: Termcap, Next: Message Line, Prev: Flow Control, Up: Top
16 Termcap
**********
'Screen' demands the most out of your terminal so that it can perform
its VT100 emulation most efficiently. These functions provide means for
tweaking the termcap entries for both your physical terminal and the one
simulated by 'screen'.
* Menu:
* Window Termcap:: Choosing a termcap entry for the window.
* Dump Termcap:: Write out a termcap entry for the window.
* Termcap Syntax:: The 'termcap' and 'terminfo' commands.
* Termcap Examples:: Uses for 'termcap'.
* Special Capabilities:: Non-standard capabilities used by 'screen'.
* Autonuke:: Flush unseen output
* Obuflimit:: Allow pending output when reading more
* Character Translation:: Emulating fonts and charsets.
File: screen.info, Node: Window Termcap, Next: Dump Termcap, Up: Termcap
16.1 Choosing the termcap entry for a window
============================================
Usually 'screen' tries to emulate as much of the VT100/ANSI standard as
possible. But if your terminal lacks certain capabilities the emulation
may not be complete. In these cases 'screen' has to tell the
applications that some of the features are missing. This is no problem
on machines using termcap, because 'screen' can use the '$TERMCAP'
variable to customize the standard screen termcap.
But if you do a rlogin on another machine or your machine supports
only terminfo this method fails. Because of this 'screen' offers a way
to deal with these cases. Here is how it works:
When 'screen' tries to figure out a terminal name for itself, it
first looks for an entry named 'screen.TERM', where TERM is the contents
of your '$TERM' variable. If no such entry exists, 'screen' tries
'screen' (or 'screen-w', if the terminal is wide (132 cols or more)).
If even this entry cannot be found, 'vt100' is used as a substitute.
The idea is that if you have a terminal which doesn't support an
important feature (e.g. delete char or clear to EOS) you can build a
new termcap/terminfo entry for 'screen' (named 'screen.DUMBTERM') in
which this capability has been disabled. If this entry is installed on
your machines you are able to do a rlogin and still keep the correct
termcap/terminfo entry. The terminal name is put in the '$TERM'
variable of all new windows. 'screen' also sets the '$TERMCAP' variable
reflecting the capabilities of the virtual terminal emulated.
Furthermore, the variable '$WINDOW' is set to the window number of each
window.
The actual set of capabilities supported by the virtual terminal
depends on the capabilities supported by the physical terminal. If, for
instance, the physical terminal does not support underscore mode,
'screen' does not put the 'us' and 'ue' capabilities into the window's
'$TERMCAP' variable, accordingly. However, a minimum number of
capabilities must be supported by a terminal in order to run 'screen';
namely scrolling, clear screen, and direct cursor addressing (in
addition, 'screen' does not run on hardcopy terminals or on terminals
that over-strike).
Also, you can customize the '$TERMCAP' value used by 'screen' by
using the 'termcap' command, or by defining the variable '$SCREENCAP'
prior to startup. When the latter defined, its value will be copied
verbatim into each window's '$TERMCAP' variable. This can either be the
full terminal definition, or a filename where the terminal 'screen'
(and/or 'screen-w') is defined.
Note that 'screen' honors the 'terminfo' command if the system uses
the terminfo database rather than termcap. On such machines the
'$TERMCAP' variable has no effect and you must use the 'dumptermcap'
command (*note Dump Termcap::) and the 'tic' program to generate
terminfo entries for 'screen' windows.
When the boolean 'G0' capability is present in the termcap entry for
the terminal on which 'screen' has been called, the terminal emulation
of 'screen' supports multiple character sets. This allows an
application to make use of, for instance, the VT100 graphics character
set or national character sets. The following control functions from
ISO 2022 are supported: 'lock shift G0' ('SI'), 'lock shift G1' ('SO'),
'lock shift G2', 'lock shift G3', 'single shift G2', and 'single shift
G3'. When a virtual terminal is created or reset, the ASCII character
set is designated as 'G0' through 'G3'. When the 'G0' capability is
present, screen evaluates the capabilities 'S0', 'E0', and 'C0' if
present. 'S0' is the sequence the terminal uses to enable and start the
graphics character set rather than 'SI'. 'E0' is the corresponding
replacement for 'SO'. 'C0' gives a character by character translation
string that is used during semi-graphics mode. This string is built
like the 'acsc' terminfo capability.
When the 'po' and 'pf' capabilities are present in the terminal's
termcap entry, applications running in a 'screen' window can send output
to the printer port of the terminal. This allows a user to have an
application in one window sending output to a printer connected to the
terminal, while all other windows are still active (the printer port is
enabled and disabled again for each chunk of output). As a side-effect,
programs running in different windows can send output to the printer
simultaneously. Data sent to the printer is not displayed in the
window. The 'info' command displays a line starting with 'PRIN' while
the printer is active.
Some capabilities are only put into the '$TERMCAP' variable of the
virtual terminal if they can be efficiently implemented by the physical
terminal. For instance, 'dl' (delete line) is only put into the
'$TERMCAP' variable if the terminal supports either delete line itself
or scrolling regions. Note that this may provoke confusion, when the
session is reattached on a different terminal, as the value of
'$TERMCAP' cannot be modified by parent processes. You can force
'screen' to include all capabilities in '$TERMCAP' with the '-a'
command-line option (*note Invoking Screen::).
The "alternate screen" capability is not enabled by default. Set the
'altscreen' '.screenrc' command to enable it.
File: screen.info, Node: Dump Termcap, Next: Termcap Syntax, Prev: Window Termcap, Up: Termcap
16.2 Write out the window's termcap entry
=========================================
-- Command: dumptermcap
('C-a .')
Write the termcap entry for the virtual terminal optimized for the
currently active window to the file '.termcap' in the user's
'$HOME/.screen' directory (or wherever 'screen' stores its sockets.
*note Files::). This termcap entry is identical to the value of
the environment variable '$TERMCAP' that is set up by 'screen' for
each window. For terminfo based systems you will need to run a
converter like 'captoinfo' and then compile the entry with 'tic'.
File: screen.info, Node: Termcap Syntax, Next: Termcap Examples, Prev: Dump Termcap, Up: Termcap
16.3 The 'termcap' command
==========================
-- Command: termcap term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
-- Command: terminfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
-- Command: termcapinfo term terminal-tweaks [window-tweaks]
(none)
Use this command to modify your terminal's termcap entry without
going through all the hassles involved in creating a custom termcap
entry. Plus, you can optionally customize the termcap generated
for the windows. You have to place these commands in one of the
screenrc startup files, as they are meaningless once the terminal
emulator is booted.
If your system uses the terminfo database rather than termcap,
'screen' will understand the 'terminfo' command, which has the same
effects as the 'termcap' command. Two separate commands are
provided, as there are subtle syntactic differences, e.g. when
parameter interpolation (using '%') is required. Note that the
termcap names of the capabilities should also be used with the
'terminfo' command.
In many cases, where the arguments are valid in both terminfo and
termcap syntax, you can use the command 'termcapinfo', which is
just a shorthand for a pair of 'termcap' and 'terminfo' commands
with identical arguments.
The first argument specifies which terminal(s) should be affected by
this definition. You can specify multiple terminal names by separating
them with '|'s. Use '*' to match all terminals and 'vt*' to match all
terminals that begin with 'vt'.
Each TWEAK argument contains one or more termcap defines (separated
by ':'s) to be inserted at the start of the appropriate termcap entry,
enhancing it or overriding existing values. The first tweak modifies
your terminal's termcap, and contains definitions that your terminal
uses to perform certain functions. Specify a null string to leave this
unchanged (e.g. ""). The second (optional) tweak modifies all the
window termcaps, and should contain definitions that screen understands
(*note Virtual Terminal::).
File: screen.info, Node: Termcap Examples, Next: Special Capabilities, Prev: Termcap Syntax, Up: Termcap
16.4 Termcap Examples
=====================
Some examples:
termcap xterm* xn:hs@
Informs 'screen' that all terminals that begin with 'xterm' have firm
auto-margins that allow the last position on the screen to be updated
(xn), but they don't really have a status line (no 'hs' - append '@' to
turn entries off). Note that we assume 'xn' for all terminal names that
start with 'vt', but only if you don't specify a termcap command for
that terminal.
termcap vt* xn
termcap vt102|vt220 Z0=\E[?3h:Z1=\E[?3l
Specifies the firm-margined 'xn' capability for all terminals that begin
with 'vt', and the second line will also add the escape-sequences to
switch into (Z0) and back out of (Z1) 132-character-per-line mode if
this is a VT102 or VT220. (You must specify Z0 and Z1 in your termcap
to use the width-changing commands.)
termcap vt100 "" l0=PF1:l1=PF2:l2=PF3:l3=PF4
This leaves your vt100 termcap alone and adds the function key labels to
each window's termcap entry.
termcap h19|z19 am@:im=\E@:ei=\EO dc=\E[P
Takes a h19 or z19 termcap and turns off auto-margins (am@) and enables
the insert mode (im) and end-insert (ei) capabilities (the '@' in the
'im' string is after the '=', so it is part of the string). Having the
'im' and 'ei' definitions put into your terminal's termcap will cause
screen to automatically advertise the character-insert capability in
each window's termcap. Each window will also get the delete-character
capability (dc) added to its termcap, which screen will translate into a
line-update for the terminal (we're pretending it doesn't support
character deletion).
If you would like to fully specify each window's termcap entry, you
should instead set the '$SCREENCAP' variable prior to running 'screen'.
*Note Virtual Terminal::, for the details of the 'screen' terminal
emulation. *Note Termcap: (termcap)Top, for more information on termcap
definitions.
File: screen.info, Node: Special Capabilities, Next: Autonuke, Prev: Termcap Examples, Up: Termcap
16.5 Special Terminal Capabilities
==================================
The following table describes all terminal capabilities that are
recognized by 'screen' and are not in the termcap manual (*note Termcap:
(termcap)Top.). You can place these capabilities in your termcap
entries (in '/etc/termcap') or use them with the commands 'termcap',
'terminfo' and 'termcapinfo' in your 'screenrc' files. It is often not
possible to place these capabilities in the terminfo database.
'LP'
(bool)
Terminal has VT100 style margins ('magic margins'). Note that this
capability is obsolete -- 'screen' now uses the standard 'xn'
instead.
'Z0'
(str)
Change width to 132 columns.
'Z1'
(str)
Change width to 80 columns.
'WS'
(str)
Resize display. This capability has the desired width and height
as arguments. SunView(tm) example: '\E[8;%d;%dt'.
'NF'
(bool)
Terminal doesn't need flow control. Send ^S and ^Q direct to the
application. Same as 'flow off'. The opposite of this capability
is 'nx'.
'G0'
(bool)
Terminal can deal with ISO 2022 font selection sequences.
'S0'
(str)
Switch charset 'G0' to the specified charset. Default is '\E(%.'.
'E0'
(str)
Switch charset 'G0' back to standard charset. Default is '\E(B'.
'C0'
(str)
Use the string as a conversion table for font 0. See the 'ac'
capability for more details.
'CS'
(str)
Switch cursor-keys to application mode.
'CE'
(str)
Switch cursor-keys to cursor mode.
'AN'
(bool)
Enable autonuke for displays of this terminal type. (*note
Autonuke::).
'OL'
(num)
Set the output buffer limit. See the 'obuflimit' command (*note
Obuflimit::) for more details.
'KJ'
(str)
Set the encoding of the terminal. See the 'encoding' command
(*note Character Processing::) for valid encodings.
'AF'
(str)
Change character foreground color in an ANSI conform way. This
capability will almost always be set to '\E[3%dm' ('\E[3%p1%dm' on
terminfo machines).
'AB'
(str)
Same as 'AF', but change background color.
'AX'
(bool)
Does understand ANSI set default fg/bg color ('\E[39m / \E[49m').
'XC'
(str)
Describe a translation of characters to strings depending on the
current font. (*note Character Translation::).
'XT'
(bool)
Terminal understands special xterm sequences (OSC, mouse tracking).
'C8'
(bool)
Terminal needs bold to display high-intensity colors (e.g. Eterm).
'TF'
(bool)
Add missing capabilities to the termcap/info entry. (Set by
default).
File: screen.info, Node: Autonuke, Next: Obuflimit, Prev: Special Capabilities, Up: Termcap
16.6 Autonuke
=============
-- Command: autonuke STATE
(none)
Sets whether a clear screen sequence should nuke all the output
that has not been written to the terminal. *Note Obuflimit::.
This property is set per display, not per window.
-- Command: defautonuke STATE
(none)
Same as the 'autonuke' command except that the default setting for
new displays is also changed. Initial setting is 'off'. Note that
you can use the special 'AN' terminal capability if you want to
have a terminal type dependent setting.
File: screen.info, Node: Obuflimit, Next: Character Translation, Prev: Autonuke, Up: Termcap
16.7 Obuflimit
==============
-- Command: obuflimit [LIMIT]
(none)
If the output buffer contains more bytes than the specified limit,
no more data will be read from the windows. The default value is
256. If you have a fast display (like 'xterm'), you can set it to
some higher value. If no argument is specified, the current
setting is displayed. This property is set per display, not per
window.
-- Command: defobuflimit LIMIT
(none)
Same as the 'obuflimit' command except that the default setting for
new displays is also changed. Initial setting is 256 bytes. Note
that you can use the special 'OL' terminal capability if you want
to have a terminal type dependent limit.
File: screen.info, Node: Character Translation, Prev: Obuflimit, Up: Termcap
16.8 Character Translation
==========================
'Screen' has a powerful mechanism to translate characters to arbitrary
strings depending on the current font and terminal type. Use this
feature if you want to work with a common standard character set (say
ISO8851-latin1) even on terminals that scatter the more unusual
characters over several national language font pages.
Syntax:
XC=<CHARSET-MAPPING>{,,<CHARSET-MAPPING>}
<CHARSET-MAPPING> := <DESIGNATOR><TEMPLATE>{,<MAPPING>}
<MAPPING> := <CHAR-TO-BE-MAPPED><TEMPLATE-ARG>
The things in braces may be repeated any number of times.
A <CHARSET-MAPPING> tells screen how to map characters in font
<DESIGNATOR> ('B': Ascii, 'A': UK, 'K': german, etc.) to strings.
Every <MAPPING> describes to what string a single character will be
translated. A template mechanism is used, as most of the time the codes
have a lot in common (for example strings to switch to and from another
charset). Each occurrence of '%' in <TEMPLATE> gets substituted with
the TEMPLATE-ARG specified together with the character. If your strings
are not similar at all, then use '%' as a template and place the full
string in <TEMPLATE-ARG>. A quoting mechanism was added to make it
possible to use a real '%'. The '\' character quotes the special
characters '\', '%', and ','.
Here is an example:
termcap hp700 'XC=B\E(K%\E(B,\304[,\326\\\\,\334]'
This tells 'screen', how to translate ISOlatin1 (charset 'B') upper
case umlaut characters on a 'hp700' terminal that has a German charset.
'\304' gets translated to '\E(K[\E(B' and so on. Note that this line
gets parsed *three* times before the internal lookup table is built,
therefore a lot of quoting is needed to create a single '\'.
Another extension was added to allow more emulation: If a mapping
translates the unquoted '%' char, it will be sent to the terminal
whenever screen switches to the corresponding <DESIGNATOR>. In this
special case the template is assumed to be just '%' because the charset
switch sequence and the character mappings normally haven't much in
common.
This example shows one use of the extension:
termcap xterm 'XC=K%,%\E(B,[\304,\\\\\326,]\334'
Here, a part of the German ('K') charset is emulated on an xterm. If
screen has to change to the 'K' charset, '\E(B' will be sent to the
terminal, i.e. the ASCII charset is used instead. The template is just
'%', so the mapping is straightforward: '[' to '\304', '\' to '\326',
and ']' to '\334'.
File: screen.info, Node: Message Line, Next: Logging, Prev: Termcap, Up: Top
17 The Message Line
*******************
'Screen' displays informational messages and other diagnostics in a
"message line" at the bottom of the screen. If your terminal has a
status line defined in its termcap, screen will use this for displaying
its messages, otherwise the last line of the screen will be temporarily
overwritten and output will be momentarily interrupted. The message
line is automatically removed after a few seconds delay, but it can also
be removed early (on terminals without a status line) by beginning to
type.
* Menu:
* Privacy Message:: Using the message line from your program.
* Hardware Status Line:: Use the terminal's hardware status line.
* Last Message:: Redisplay the last message.
* Message Wait:: Control how long messages are displayed.
File: screen.info, Node: Privacy Message, Next: Hardware Status Line, Up: Message Line
17.1 Using the message line from your program
=============================================
The message line facility can be used by an application running in the
current window by means of the ANSI "Privacy message" control sequence.
For instance, from within the shell, try something like:
echo "^[^Hello world from window $WINDOW^[\"
where '^[' is ASCII ESC and the '^' that follows it is a literal
caret or up-arrow.
File: screen.info, Node: Hardware Status Line, Next: Last Message, Prev: Privacy Message, Up: Message Line
17.2 Hardware Status Line
=========================
-- Command: hardstatus [state]
-- Command: hardstatus
['always']'firstline'|'lastline'|'message'|'ignore' [string]
-- Command: hardstatus 'string' [string]
(none)
This command configures the use and emulation of the terminal's
hardstatus line. The first form toggles whether 'screen' will use
the hardware status line to display messages. If the flag is set
to 'off', these messages are overlaid in reverse video mode at the
display line. The default setting is 'on'.
The second form tells screen what to do if the terminal doesn't
have a hardstatus line (i.e. the termcap/terminfo capabilities
"hs", "ts", "fs" and "ds" are not set). If the type
'firstline'/'lastline' is used, screen will reserve the first/last
line of the display for the hardstatus. 'message' uses 'screen''s
message mechanism and 'ignore' tells 'screen' never to display the
hardstatus. If you prepend the word 'always' to the type (e.g.,
'alwayslastline'), 'screen' will use the type even if the terminal
supports a hardstatus line.
The third form specifies the contents of the hardstatus line. '%h'
is used as default string, i.e., the stored hardstatus of the
current window (settable via 'ESC]0;^G' or 'ESC_\\') is displayed.
You can customize this to any string you like including string
escapes (*note String Escapes::). If you leave out the argument
STRING, the current string is displayed.
You can mix the second and third form by providing the string as
additional argument.
File: screen.info, Node: Last Message, Next: Message Wait, Prev: Hardware Status Line, Up: Message Line
17.3 Display Last Message
=========================
-- Command: lastmsg
('C-a m', 'C-a C-m')
Repeat the last message displayed in the message line. Useful if
you're typing when a message appears, because (unless your terminal
has a hardware status line) the message goes away when you press a
key.
File: screen.info, Node: Message Wait, Prev: Last Message, Up: Message Line
17.4 Message Wait
=================
-- Command: msgminwait sec
(none)
Defines the time 'screen' delays a new message when another is
currently displayed. Defaults to 1 second.
-- Command: msgwait sec
(none)
Defines the time a message is displayed, if 'screen' is not
disturbed by other activity. Defaults to 5 seconds.
File: screen.info, Node: Logging, Next: Startup, Prev: Message Line, Up: Top
18 Logging
**********
This section describes the commands for keeping a record of your
session.
* Menu:
* Hardcopy:: Dump the current screen to a file
* Log:: Log the output of a window to a file
File: screen.info, Node: Hardcopy, Next: Log, Up: Logging
18.1 hardcopy
=============
-- Command: hardcopy [-h] [FILE]
('C-a h')
Writes out the currently displayed image to the file FILE, or, if
no filename is specified, to 'hardcopy.N' in the default directory,
where N is the number of the current window. This either appends
or overwrites the file if it exists, as determined by the
'hardcopy_append' command. If the option '-h' is specified, dump
also the contents of the scrollback buffer.
-- Command: hardcopy_append state
(none)
If set to 'on', 'screen' will append to the 'hardcopy.N' files
created by the command 'hardcopy'; otherwise, these files are
overwritten each time.
-- Command: hardcopydir directory
(none)
Defines a directory where hardcopy files will be placed. If unset,
hardcopys are dumped in screen's current working directory.
File: screen.info, Node: Log, Prev: Hardcopy, Up: Logging
18.2 log
========
-- Command: deflog state
(none)
Same as the 'log' command except that the default setting for new
windows is changed. Initial setting is 'off'.
-- Command: log [state]
('C-a H')
Begins/ends logging of the current window to the file 'screenlog.N'
in the window's default directory, where N is the number of the
current window. This filename can be changed with the 'logfile'
command. If no parameter is given, the logging state is toggled.
The session log is appended to the previous contents of the file if
it already exists. The current contents and the contents of the
scrollback history are not included in the session log. Default is
'off'.
-- Command: logfile filename
-- Command: logfile flush secs
(none)
Defines the name the log files will get. The default is
'screenlog.%n'. The second form changes the number of seconds
'screen' will wait before flushing the logfile buffer to the
file-system. The default value is 10 seconds.
-- Command: logtstamp [state]
-- Command: logtstamp 'after' secs
-- Command: logtstamp 'string' string
(none)
This command controls logfile time-stamp mechanism of screen. If
time-stamps are turned 'on', screen adds a string containing the
current time to the logfile after two minutes of inactivity. When
output continues and more than another two minutes have passed, a
second time-stamp is added to document the restart of the output.
You can change this timeout with the second form of the command.
The third form is used for customizing the time-stamp string ('--
%n:%t -- time-stamp -- %M/%d/%y %c:%s --\n' by default).
File: screen.info, Node: Startup, Next: Miscellaneous, Prev: Logging, Up: Top
19 Startup
**********
This section describes commands which are only useful in the '.screenrc'
file, for use at startup.
* Menu:
* echo:: Display a message.
* sleep:: Pause execution of the '.screenrc'.
* Startup Message:: Control display of the copyright notice.
File: screen.info, Node: echo, Next: sleep, Up: Startup
19.1 echo
=========
-- Command: echo ['-n'] message
(none)
The echo command may be used to annoy 'screen' users with a
'message of the day'. Typically installed in a global screenrc.
The option '-n' may be used to suppress the line feed. See also
'sleep'. Echo is also useful for online checking of environment
variables.
File: screen.info, Node: sleep, Next: Startup Message, Prev: echo, Up: Startup
19.2 sleep
==========
-- Command: sleep num
(none)
This command will pause the execution of a .screenrc file for NUM
seconds. Keyboard activity will end the sleep. It may be used to
give users a chance to read the messages output by 'echo'.
File: screen.info, Node: Startup Message, Prev: sleep, Up: Startup
19.3 Startup Message
====================
-- Command: startup_message state
(none)
Select whether you want to see the copyright notice during startup.
Default is 'on', as you probably noticed.
File: screen.info, Node: Miscellaneous, Next: String Escapes, Prev: Startup, Up: Top
20 Miscellaneous commands
*************************
The commands described here do not fit well under any of the other
categories.
* Menu:
* At:: Execute a command at other displays or windows.
* Break:: Send a break signal to the window.
* Bumpleft:: Swaps window with previous one on window list.
* Bumpright:: Swaps window with next one on window list.
* Collapse:: Collapses window list.
* Debug:: Suppress/allow debugging output.
* License:: Display the disclaimer page.
* Nethack:: Use 'nethack'-like error messages.
* Nonblock:: Disable flow-control to a display.
* Number:: Change the current window's number.
* Time:: Display the time and load average.
* Verbose:: Display window creation commands.
* Version:: Display the version of 'screen'.
* Zombie:: Keep dead windows.
* Printcmd:: Set command for VT100 printer port emulation.
* Rendition:: Change text attributes in caption for flagged windows.
* Sorendition:: Change the text highlighting method.
* Attrcolor:: Map attributes to colors.
* Setsid:: Change process group management.
* Eval:: Parse and execute arguments.
* Maxwin:: Set the maximum window number.
* Backtick:: Program a command for a backtick string escape.
* Screen Saver:: Define a screen safer.
* Zmodem:: Define how screen treats zmodem requests.
* Mousetrack:: Set whether screen should track mouse events.
File: screen.info, Node: At, Next: Break, Up: Miscellaneous
20.1 At
=======
-- Command: at [identifier][#|*|%] command [args]
(none)
Execute a command at other displays or windows as if it had been
entered there. 'At' changes the context (the 'current window' or
'current display' setting) of the command. If the first parameter
describes a non-unique context, the command will be executed
multiple times. If the first parameter is of the form
'IDENTIFIER*' then identifier is matched against user names. The
command is executed once for each display of the selected user(s).
If the first parameter is of the form 'IDENTIFIER%' identifier is
matched against displays. Displays are named after the ttys they
attach. The prefix '/dev/' or '/dev/tty' may be omitted from the
identifier. If IDENTIFIER has a '#' or nothing appended it is
matched against window numbers and titles. Omitting an identifier
in front of the '#', '*' or '%' character selects all users,
displays or windows because a prefix-match is performed. Note that
on the affected display(s) a short message will describe what
happened. Note that the '#' character works as a comment
introducer when it is preceded by whitespace. This can be escaped
by prefixing '#' with a '\'. Permission is checked for the
initiator of the 'at' command, not for the owners of the affected
display(s). Caveat: When matching against windows, the command is
executed at least once per window. Commands that change the
internal arrangement of windows (like 'other') may be called again.
In shared windows the command will be repeated for each attached
display. Beware, when issuing toggle commands like 'login'! Some
commands (e.g. '\*Qprocess') require that a display is associated
with the target windows. These commands may not work correctly
under 'at' looping over windows.
File: screen.info, Node: Break, Next: Bumpleft, Prev: At, Up: Miscellaneous
20.2 Break
==========
-- Command: break [duration]
('C-a b', 'C-a C-b')
Send a break signal for DURATION*0.25 seconds to this window. For
non-Posix systems the time interval is rounded up to full seconds.
Most useful if a character device is attached to the window rather
than a shell process (*note Window Types::). The maximum duration
of a break signal is limited to 15 seconds.
-- Command: pow_break
('C-a B')
Reopen the window's terminal line and send a break condition.
-- Command: breaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK|TCSBRK]
(none)
Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal
for terminal devices. This command should affect the current
window only. But it still behaves identical to 'defbreaktype'.
This will be changed in the future. Calling 'breaktype' with no
parameter displays the break setting for the current window.
-- Command: defbreaktype [tcsendbreak|TIOCSBRK|TCSBRK]
(none)
Choose one of the available methods of generating a break signal
for terminal devices opened afterwards. The preferred methods are
'tcsendbreak' and 'TIOCSBRK'. The third, 'TCSBRK', blocks the
complete 'screen' session for the duration of the break, but it may
be the only way to generate long breaks. 'tcsendbreak' and
'TIOCSBRK' may or may not produce long breaks with spikes (e.g. 4
per second). This is not only system dependent, this also differs
between serial board drivers. Calling 'defbreaktype' with no
parameter displays the current setting.
File: screen.info, Node: Bumpleft, Next: Bumpright, Prev: Break, Up: Miscellaneous
20.3 Bumpleft
=============
-- Command: bumpleft
(none)
Exchanges windows positions on window list, with window having
lower number (left to current one).
File: screen.info, Node: Bumpright, Next: Collapse, Prev: Bumpleft, Up: Miscellaneous
20.4 Bumpright
==============
-- Command: bumpright
(none)
Exchanges windows positions on window list, with window having
bigger number (right to current one).
File: screen.info, Node: Collapse, Next: Debug, Prev: Bumpright, Up: Miscellaneous
20.5 Collapse
=============
-- Command: collapse
(none)
Changes windows numbers, so there is no gaps between them.
File: screen.info, Node: Debug, Next: License, Prev: Collapse, Up: Miscellaneous
20.6 Debug
==========
-- Command: debug [on|off]
(none)
Turns runtime debugging on or off. If 'screen' has been compiled
with option '-DDEBUG' debugging is available and is turned on per
default. Note that this command only affects debugging output from
the main 'SCREEN' process correctly. Debug output from attacher
processes can only be turned off once and forever.
File: screen.info, Node: License, Next: Nethack, Prev: Debug, Up: Miscellaneous
20.7 License
============
-- Command: license
('C-a ,')
Display the disclaimer page. This is done whenever 'screen' is
started without options, which should be often enough.
File: screen.info, Node: Nethack, Next: Nonblock, Prev: License, Up: Miscellaneous
20.8 Nethack
============
-- Command: nethack state
(none)
Changes the kind of error messages used by 'screen'. When you are
familiar with the game 'nethack', you may enjoy the nethack-style
messages which will often blur the facts a little, but are much
funnier to read. Anyway, standard messages often tend to be
unclear as well.
This option is only available if 'screen' was compiled with the
NETHACK flag defined (*note Installation::). The default setting
is then determined by the presence of the environment variable
'$NETHACKOPTIONS' and the file '~/.nethackrc' - if either one is
present, the default is 'on'.
File: screen.info, Node: Nonblock, Next: Number, Prev: Nethack, Up: Miscellaneous
20.9 Nonblock
=============
-- Command: nonblock [STATE|NUMSECS]
Tell screen how to deal with user interfaces (displays) that cease
to accept output. This can happen if a user presses ^S or a
TCP/modem connection gets cut but no hangup is received. If
nonblock is 'off' (this is the default) screen waits until the
display restarts to accept the output. If nonblock is 'on', screen
waits until the timeout is reached ('on' is treated as 1s). If the
display still doesn't receive characters, screen will consider it
"blocked" and stop sending characters to it. If at some time it
restarts to accept characters, screen will unblock the display and
redisplay the updated window contents.
-- Command: defnonblock STATE|NUMSECS
Same as the 'nonblock' command except that the default setting for
displays is changed. Initial setting is 'off'.
File: screen.info, Node: Number, Next: Time, Prev: Nonblock, Up: Miscellaneous
20.10 Number
============
-- Command: number [[+|-]N]
('C-a N')
Change the current window's number. If the given number N is
already used by another window, both windows exchange their
numbers. If no argument is specified, the current window number
(and title) is shown. Using either a plus ('+') or minus ('-')
will change the window's number by the relative amount specified.
File: screen.info, Node: Time, Next: Verbose, Prev: Number, Up: Miscellaneous
20.11 Time
==========
-- Command: time [STRING]
('C-a t', 'C-a C-t')
Uses the message line to display the time of day, the host name,
and the load averages over 1, 5, and 15 minutes (if this is
available on your system). For window-specific information use
'info' (*note Info::). If a STRING is specified, it changes the
format of the time report like it is described in the string
escapes chapter (*note String Escapes::). Screen uses a default of
'%c:%s %M %d %H%? %l%?'.
File: screen.info, Node: Verbose, Next: Version, Prev: Time, Up: Miscellaneous
20.12 Verbose
=============
-- Command: verbose [on|off]
If verbose is switched on, the command name is echoed, whenever a
window is created (or resurrected from zombie state). Default is
off. Without a parameter, the current setting is shown.
File: screen.info, Node: Version, Next: Zombie, Prev: Verbose, Up: Miscellaneous
20.13 Version
=============
-- Command: version
('C-a v')
Display the version and modification date in the message line.
File: screen.info, Node: Zombie, Next: Printcmd, Prev: Version, Up: Miscellaneous
20.14 Zombie
============
-- Command: zombie [KEYS [onerror] ]
-- Command: zombie_timeout [SECONDS]
(none)
Per default windows are removed from the window list as soon as the
windows process (e.g. shell) exits. When a string of two keys is
specified to the zombie command, 'dead' windows will remain in the
list. The 'kill' command may be used to remove the window.
Pressing the first key in the dead window has the same effect.
Pressing the second key, however, screen will attempt to resurrect
the window. The process that was initially running in the window
will be launched again. Calling 'zombie' without parameters will
clear the zombie setting, thus making windows disappear when the
process terminates.
As the zombie setting is affected globally for all windows, this
command should probably be called 'defzombie', but it isn't.
Optionally you can put the word 'onerror' after the keys. This
will cause screen to monitor exit status of the process running in
the window. If it exits normally ('0'), the window disappears.
Any other exit value causes the window to become a zombie.
Additionally the 'zombie_timeout' command exists. If a window is
declared "dead", screen will automatically try to resurrect the
window after the timeout. It only works if zombie keys are defined
via 'zombie' command.
File: screen.info, Node: Printcmd, Next: Rendition, Prev: Zombie, Up: Miscellaneous
20.15 Printcmd
==============
-- Command: printcmd [CMD]
(none)
If CMD is not an empty string, screen will not use the terminal
capabilities 'po/pf' for printing if it detects an ansi print
sequence 'ESC [ 5 i', but pipe the output into CMD. This should
normally be a command like 'lpr' or 'cat > /tmp/scrprint'.
'Printcmd' without an argument displays the current setting. The
ansi sequence 'ESC \' ends printing and closes the pipe.
Warning: Be careful with this command! If other user have write
access to your terminal, they will be able to fire off print
commands.
File: screen.info, Node: Rendition, Next: Sorendition, Prev: Printcmd, Up: Miscellaneous
20.16 Rendition
===============
-- Command: rendition bell | monitor | silence | so ATTR [COLOR]
(none)
Change the way screen renders the titles of windows that have
monitor or bell flags set in caption or hardstatus or windowlist.
See the chapter about string escapes (*note String Escapes::) for
the syntax of the modifiers. The default for monitor is currently
'=b' (bold, active colors), for bell '=ub' (underline, bold and
active colors), and for silence '=u'.
File: screen.info, Node: Sorendition, Next: Attrcolor, Prev: Rendition, Up: Miscellaneous
20.17 Sorendition
=================
-- Command: sorendition [ATTR [COLOR]]
(none)
This command has been deprecated. Use 'rendition so' instead.
File: screen.info, Node: Attrcolor, Next: Setsid, Prev: Sorendition, Up: Miscellaneous
20.18 Attrcolor
===============
-- Command: attrcolor ATTRIB [ATTRIBUTE/COLOR-MODIFIER]
(none)
This command can be used to highlight attributes by changing the
color of the text. If the attribute ATTRIB is in use, the
specified attribute/color modifier is also applied. If no modifier
is given, the current one is deleted. See the chapter about string
escapes (*note String Escapes::) for the syntax of the modifier.
'Screen' understands two pseudo-attributes, 'i' stands for
high-intensity foreground color and 'I' for high-intensity
background color.
Examples:
'attrcolor b "R"'
Change the color to bright red if bold text is to be printed.
'attrcolor u "-u b"'
Use blue text instead of underline.
'attrcolor b ".I"'
Use bright colors for bold text. Most terminal emulators do
this already.
'attrcolor i "+b"'
Make bright colored text also bold.
File: screen.info, Node: Setsid, Next: Eval, Prev: Attrcolor, Up: Miscellaneous
20.19 Setsid
============
-- Command: setsid state
(none)
Normally 'screen' uses different sessions and process groups for
the windows. If setsid is turned 'off', this is not done anymore
and all windows will be in the same process group as the screen
backend process. This also breaks job-control, so be careful. The
default is 'on', of course. This command is probably useful only
in rare circumstances.
File: screen.info, Node: Eval, Next: Maxwin, Prev: Setsid, Up: Miscellaneous
20.20 Eval
==========
-- Command: eval COMMAND1 [COMMAND2 ...]
(none)
Parses and executes each argument as separate command.
File: screen.info, Node: Maxwin, Next: Backtick, Prev: Eval, Up: Miscellaneous
20.21 Maxwin
============
-- Command: maxwin N
(none)
Set the maximum window number screen will create. Doesn't affect
already existing windows. The number can be increased only when
there are no existing windows.
File: screen.info, Node: Backtick, Next: Screen Saver, Prev: Maxwin, Up: Miscellaneous
20.22 Backtick
==============
-- Command: backtick ID LIFESPAN AUTOREFRESH COMMAND [ARGS]
-- Command: backtick ID
(none)
Program the backtick command with the numerical id ID. The output
of such a command is used for substitution of the '%`' string
escape (*note String Escapes::). The specified LIFESPAN is the
number of seconds the output is considered valid. After this time,
the command is run again if a corresponding string escape is
encountered. The AUTOREFRESH parameter triggers an automatic
refresh for caption and hardstatus strings after the specified
number of seconds. Only the last line of output is used for
substitution.
If both the LIFESPAN and the AUTOREFRESH parameters are zero, the
backtick program is expected to stay in the background and generate
output once in a while. In this case, the command is executed
right away and screen stores the last line of output. If a new
line gets printed screen will automatically refresh the hardstatus
or the captions.
The second form of the command deletes the backtick command with
the numerical id ID.
File: screen.info, Node: Screen Saver, Next: Zmodem, Prev: Backtick, Up: Miscellaneous
20.23 Screen Saver
==================
-- Command: idle [TIMEOUT [CMD ARGS]]
(none)
Sets a command that is run after the specified number of seconds
inactivity is reached. This command will normally be the 'blanker'
command to create a screen blanker, but it can be any screen
command. If no command is specified, only the timeout is set. A
timeout of zero (ot the special timeout 'off') disables the timer.
If no arguments are given, the current settings are displayed.
-- Command: blanker
(none)
Activate the screen blanker. First the screen is cleared. If no
blanker program is defined, the cursor is turned off, otherwise,
the program is started and it's output is written to the screen.
The screen blanker is killed with the first keypress, the read key
is discarded.
This command is normally used together with the 'idle' command.
-- Command: blankerprg [PROGRAM ARGS]
Defines a blanker program. Disables the blanker program if an
empty argument is given. Shows the currently set blanker program
if no arguments are given.
File: screen.info, Node: Zmodem, Prev: Screen Saver, Up: Miscellaneous
20.24 Zmodem
============
-- Command: zmodem [off|auto|catch|pass]
-- Command: zmodem sendcmd [string]
-- Command: zmodem recvcmd [string]
(none)
Define zmodem support for 'screen'. 'Screen' understands two
different modes when it detects a zmodem request: 'pass' and
'catch'. If the mode is set to 'pass', screen will relay all data
to the attacher until the end of the transmission is reached. In
'catch' mode screen acts as a zmodem endpoint and starts the
corresponding rz/sz commands. If the mode is set to 'auto', screen
will use 'catch' if the window is a tty (e.g. a serial line),
otherwise it will use 'pass'.
You can define the templates screen uses in 'catch' mode via the
second and the third form.
Note also that this is an experimental feature.
File: screen.info, Node: Mousetrack, Prev: Hardstatus, Up: Miscellaneous
10.9 Mousetrack
===============
-- Command: mousetrack [ 'on|off' ]
(none)
This command determines whether 'screen' will watch for mouse
clicks. When this command is enabled, regions that have been split
in various ways can be selected by pointing to them with a mouse
and left-clicking them. Without specifying ON or OFF, the current
state is displayed. The default state is determined by the
'defmousetrack' command.
-- Command: defmousetrack 'on|off'
(none)
This command determines the default state of the 'mousetrack'
command, currently defaulting of OFF.
File: screen.info, Node: String Escapes, Next: Environment, Prev: Miscellaneous, Up: Top
21 String Escapes
*****************
Screen provides an escape mechanism to insert information like the
current time into messages or file names. The escape character is '%'
with one exception: inside of a window's hardstatus '^%' ('^E') is used
instead.
Here is the full list of supported escapes:
'%'
the escape character itself
'a'
either 'am' or 'pm'
'A'
either 'AM' or 'PM'
'c'
current time 'HH:MM' in 24h format
'C'
current time 'HH:MM' in 12h format
'd'
day number
'D'
weekday name
'E'
sets %? to true if the escape character has been pressed.
'f'
flags of the window. *Note Windows::, for meanings of the various
flags.
'F'
sets %? to true if the window has the focus
'h'
hardstatus of the window
'H'
hostname of the system
'l'
current load of the system
'm'
month number
'M'
month name
'n'
window number
'P'
sets %? to true if the current region is in copy/paste mode
's'
seconds
'S'
session name
't'
window title
'u'
all other users on this window
'w'
all window numbers and names. With '-' qualifier: up to the
current window; with '+' qualifier: starting with the window after
the current one.
'W'
all window numbers and names except the current one
'y'
last two digits of the year number
'Y'
full year number
'?'
the part to the next '%?' is displayed only if a '%' escape inside
the part expands to a non-empty string
':'
else part of '%?'
'='
pad the string to the display's width (like TeX's hfill). If a
number is specified, pad to the percentage of the window's width.
A '0' qualifier tells screen to treat the number as absolute
position. You can specify to pad relative to the last absolute pad
position by adding a '+' qualifier or to pad relative to the right
margin by using '-'. The padding truncates the string if the
specified position lies before the current position. Add the 'L'
qualifier to change this.
'<'
same as '%=' but just do truncation, do not fill with spaces
'>'
mark the current text position for the next truncation. When
screen needs to do truncation, it tries to do it in a way that the
marked position gets moved to the specified percentage of the
output area. (The area starts from the last absolute pad position
and ends with the position specified by the truncation operator.)
The 'L' qualifier tells screen to mark the truncated parts with
'...'.
'{'
attribute/color modifier string terminated by the next '}'
'`'
Substitute with the output of a 'backtick' command. The length
qualifier is misused to identify one of the commands. *Note
Backtick::.
The 'c' and 'C' escape may be qualified with a '0' to make screen use
zero instead of space as fill character. The 'n' and '=' escapes
understand a length qualifier (e.g. '%3n'), 'D' and 'M' can be prefixed
with 'L' to generate long names, 'w' and 'W' also show the window flags
if 'L' is given.
An attribute/color modifier is is used to change the attributes or
the color settings. Its format is '[attribute modifier] [color
description]'. The attribute modifier must be prefixed by a change type
indicator if it can be confused with a color description. The following
change types are known:
'+'
add the specified set to the current attributes
'-'
remove the set from the current attributes
'!'
invert the set in the current attributes
'='
change the current attributes to the specified set
The attribute set can either be specified as a hexadecimal number or
a combination of the following letters:
'd'
dim
'u'
underline
'b'
bold
'r'
reverse
's'
standout
'B'
blinking
Colors are coded either as a hexadecimal number or two letters
specifying the desired background and foreground color (in that order).
The following colors are known:
'k'
black
'r'
red
'g'
green
'y'
yellow
'b'
blue
'm'
magenta
'c'
cyan
'w'
white
'd'
default color
'.'
leave color unchanged
The capitalized versions of the letter specify bright colors. You
can also use the pseudo-color 'i' to set just the brightness and leave
the color unchanged.
A one digit/letter color description is treated as foreground or
background color dependent on the current attributes: if reverse mode is
set, the background color is changed instead of the foreground color.
If you don't like this, prefix the color with a '.'. If you want the
same behavior for two-letter color descriptions, also prefix them with a
'.'.
As a special case, '%{-}' restores the attributes and colors that
were set before the last change was made (i.e. pops one level of the
color-change stack).
Examples:
'G'
set color to bright green
'+b r'
use bold red
'= yd'
clear all attributes, write in default color on yellow background.
'%-Lw%{= BW}%50>%n%f* %t%{-}%+Lw%<'
The available windows centered at the current win dow and truncated
to the available width. The current window is displayed white on
blue. This can be used with 'hardstatus alwayslastline'.
'%?%F%{.R.}%?%3n %t%? [%h]%?'
The window number and title and the window's hardstatus, if one is
set. Also use a red background if this is the active focus.
Useful for 'caption string'.
File: screen.info, Node: Environment, Next: Files, Prev: String Escapes, Up: Top
22 Environment Variables
************************
'COLUMNS'
Number of columns on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
'HOME'
Directory in which to look for .screenrc.
'LINES'
Number of lines on the terminal (overrides termcap entry).
'LOCKPRG'
Screen lock program.
'NETHACKOPTIONS'
Turns on 'nethack' option.
'PATH'
Used for locating programs to run.
'SCREENCAP'
For customizing a terminal's 'TERMCAP' value.
'SCREENDIR'
Alternate socket directory.
'SCREENRC'
Alternate user screenrc file.
'SHELL'
Default shell program for opening windows (default '/bin/sh'). See
also 'shell' .screenrc command.
'STY'
Alternate socket name. If 'screen' is invoked, and the environment
variable 'STY' is set, then it creates only a window in the running
'screen' session rather than starting a new session.
'SYSSCREENRC'
Alternate system screenrc file.
'TERM'
Terminal name.
'TERMCAP'
Terminal description.
'WINDOW'
Window number of a window (at creation time).
File: screen.info, Node: Files, Next: Credits, Prev: Environment, Up: Top
23 Files Referenced
*******************
'.../screen-4.?.??/etc/screenrc'
'.../screen-4.?.??/etc/etcscreenrc'
Examples in the 'screen' distribution package for private and
global initialization files.
'$SYSSCREENRC'
'/etc/screenrc'
'screen' initialization commands
'$SCREENRC'
'$HOME/.iscreenrc'
'$HOME/.screenrc'
Read in after /etc/screenrc
'$SCREENDIR/S-LOGIN'
'/local/screens/S-LOGIN'
Socket directories (default)
'/usr/tmp/screens/S-LOGIN'
Alternate socket directories.
'SOCKET DIRECTORY/.termcap'
Written by the 'dumptermcap' command
'/usr/tmp/screens/screen-exchange or'
'/tmp/screen-exchange'
'screen' interprocess communication buffer
'hardcopy.[0-9]'
Screen images created by the hardcopy command
'screenlog.[0-9]'
Output log files created by the log command
'/usr/lib/terminfo/?/* or'
'/etc/termcap'
Terminal capability databases
'/etc/utmp'
Login records
'$LOCKPRG'
Program for locking the terminal.
File: screen.info, Node: Credits, Next: Bugs, Prev: Files, Up: Top
24 Credits
**********
Authors
=======
Originally created by Oliver Laumann. For a long time maintained and
developed by Juergen Weigert, Michael Schroeder, Micah Cowan and Sadrul
Habib Chowdhury. This latest version was produced by Amadeusz Slawinski
<amade AT asmblr.net> and Alexander Naumov <alexander_naumov AT opensuse.org>.
Contributors
============
Thomas Renninger <treen@@suse.com>,
Axel Beckert <abe@@deuxchevaux.org>,
Ken Beal <kbeal@@amber.ssd.csd.harris.com>,
Rudolf Koenig <rfkoenig@@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>,
Toerless Eckert <eckert@@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>,
Wayne Davison <davison@@borland.com>,
Patrick Wolfe <pat@@kai.com, kailand!pat>,
Bart Schaefer <schaefer@@cse.ogi.edu>,
Nathan Glasser <nathan@@brokaw.lcs.mit.edu>,
Larry W. Virden <lvirden@@cas.org>,
Howard Chu <hyc@@hanauma.jpl.nasa.gov>,
Tim MacKenzie <tym@@dibbler.cs.monash.edu.au>,
Markku Jarvinen <mta@@@{cc,cs,ee@}.tut.fi>,
Marc Boucher <marc@@CAM.ORG>,
Doug Siebert <dsiebert@@isca.uiowa.edu>,
Ken Stillson <stillson@@tsfsrv.mitre.org>,
Ian Frechett <frechett@@spot.Colorado.EDU>,
Brian Koehmstedt <bpk@@gnu.ai.mit.edu>,
Don Smith <djs6015@@ultb.isc.rit.edu>,
Frank van der Linden <vdlinden@@fwi.uva.nl>,
Martin Schweikert <schweik@@cpp.ob.open.de>,
David Vrona <dave@@sashimi.lcu.com>,
E. Tye McQueen <tye%spillman.UUCP@@uunet.uu.net>,
Matthew Green <mrg@@eterna.com.au>,
Christopher Williams <cgw@@pobox.com>,
Matt Mosley <mattm@@access.digex.net>,
Gregory Neil Shapiro <gshapiro@@wpi.WPI.EDU>,
Jason Merrill <jason@@jarthur.Claremont.EDU>,
Johannes Zellner <johannes@@zellner.org>,
Pablo Averbuj <pablo@@averbuj.com>.
Version
=======
This manual describes version 4.6.2 of the 'screen' program. Its
roots are a merge of a custom version 2.3PR7 by Wayne Davison and
several enhancements to Oliver Laumann's version 2.0. Note that all
versions numbered 2.x are copyright by Oliver Laumann.
See also *Note Availability::.
File: screen.info, Node: Bugs, Next: Installation, Prev: Credits, Up: Top
25 Bugs
*******
Just like any other significant piece of software, 'screen' has a few
bugs and missing features. Please send in a bug report if you have
found a bug not mentioned here.
* Menu:
* Known Bugs:: Problems we know about.
* Reporting Bugs:: How to contact the maintainers.
* Availability:: Where to find the latest screen version.
File: screen.info, Node: Known Bugs, Next: Reporting Bugs, Up: Bugs
25.1 Known Bugs
===============
* 'dm' (delete mode) and 'xs' are not handled correctly (they are
ignored). 'xn' is treated as a magic-margin indicator.
* 'screen' has no clue about double-high or double-wide characters.
But this is the only area where 'vttest' is allowed to fail.
* It is not possible to change the environment variable '$TERMCAP'
when reattaching under a different terminal type.
* The support of terminfo based systems is very limited. Adding
extra capabilities to '$TERMCAP' may not have any effects.
* 'screen' does not make use of hardware tabs.
* 'screen' must be installed setuid root on most systems in order to
be able to correctly change the owner of the tty device file for
each window. Special permission may also be required to write the
file '/etc/utmp'.
* Entries in '/etc/utmp' are not removed when 'screen' is killed with
SIGKILL. This will cause some programs (like "w" or "rwho") to
advertise that a user is logged on who really isn't.
* 'screen' may give a strange warning when your tty has no utmp
entry.
* When the modem line was hung up, 'screen' may not automatically
detach (or quit) unless the device driver sends a HANGUP signal.
To detach such a 'screen' session use the -D or -d command line
option.
* If a password is set, the command line options -d and -D still
detach a session without asking.
* Both 'breaktype' and 'defbreaktype' change the break generating
method used by all terminal devices. The first should change a
window specific setting, where the latter should change only the
default for new windows.
* When attaching to a multiuser session, the user's '.screenrc' file
is not sourced. Each users personal settings have to be included
in the '.screenrc' file from which the session is booted, or have
to be changed manually.
* A weird imagination is most useful to gain full advantage of all
the features.
File: screen.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Next: Availability, Prev: Known Bugs, Up: Bugs
25.2 Reporting Bugs
===================
If you find a bug in 'Screen', please send electronic mail to
'screen-devel AT gnu.org'. Include the version number of 'Screen' which
you are using. Also include in your message the hardware and operating
system, the compiler used to compile, a description of the bug behavior,
and the conditions that triggered the bug. Please recompile 'screen'
with the '-DDEBUG' options enabled, reproduce the bug, and have a look
at the debug output written to the directory '/tmp/debug'. If necessary
quote suspect passages from the debug output and show the contents of
your 'config.h' if it matters.
File: screen.info, Node: Availability, Prev: Reporting Bugs, Up: Bugs
25.3 Availability
=================
'Screen' is available under the 'GNU' copyleft.
The latest official release of 'screen' available via anonymous ftp
from 'prep.ai.mit.edu', 'nic.funet.fi' or any other 'GNU' distribution
site. The home site of 'screen' is 'ftp.uni-erlangen.de
(131.188.3.71)', in the directory 'pub/utilities/screen'. The
subdirectory 'private' contains the latest beta testing release. If you
want to help, send a note to screen-devel AT gnu.org.
File: screen.info, Node: Installation, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Bugs, Up: Top
26 Installation
***************
Since 'screen' uses pseudo-ttys, the select system call, and UNIX-domain
sockets/named pipes, it will not run under a system that does not
include these features of 4.2 and 4.3 BSD UNIX.
* Menu:
* Socket Directory:: Where screen stores its handle.
* Compiling Screen::
File: screen.info, Node: Socket Directory
26.1 Socket Directory
=====================
The socket directory defaults either to '$HOME/.screen' or simply to
'/tmp/screens' or preferably to '/usr/local/screens' chosen at
compile-time. If 'screen' is installed setuid root, then the
administrator should compile screen with an adequate (not NFS mounted)
'SOCKDIR'. If 'screen' is not running setuid-root, the user can specify
any mode 700 directory in the environment variable '$SCREENDIR'.
File: screen.info, Node: Compiling Screen, Prev: Socket Directory, Up: Installation
26.2 Compiling Screen
=====================
To compile and install screen:
The 'screen' package comes with a 'GNU Autoconf' configuration
script. Before you compile the package run
'sh ./configure'
This will create a 'config.h' and 'Makefile' for your machine. If
'configure' fails for some reason, then look at the examples and
comments found in the 'Makefile.in' and 'config.h.in' templates. Rename
'config.status' to 'config.status.MACHINE' when you want to keep
configuration data for multiple architectures. Running 'sh
./config.status.MACHINE' recreates your configuration significantly
faster than rerunning 'configure'.
Read through the "User Configuration" section of 'config.h', and verify
that it suits your needs. A comment near the top of this section
explains why it's best to install screen setuid to root. Check for the
place for the global 'screenrc'-file and for the socket directory.
Check the compiler used in 'Makefile', the prefix path where to install
'screen'. Then run
'make'
If 'make' fails to produce one of the files 'term.h', 'comm.h' or
'tty.c', then use 'FILENAME.X.dist' instead. For additional information
about installation of 'screen' refer to the file 'INSTALLATION', coming
with this package.
File: screen.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Command Index, Prev: Installation, Up: Top
Concept Index
*************
* Menu:
* .screenrc: Startup Files. (line 6)
* availability: Availability. (line 6)
* binding: Key Binding. (line 6)
* bug report: Reporting Bugs. (line 6)
* bugs: Bugs. (line 6)
* capabilities: Special Capabilities. (line 6)
* command character: Command Character. (line 3)
* command line options: Invoking Screen. (line 6)
* command summary: Command Summary. (line 6)
* compiling screen: Compiling Screen. (line 6)
* control sequences: Control Sequences. (line 6)
* copy and paste: Copy and Paste. (line 6)
* customization: Customization. (line 6)
* environment: Environment. (line 6)
* escape character: Command Character. (line 3)
* files: Files. (line 6)
* flow control: Flow Control. (line 6)
* input translation: Input Translation. (line 6)
* installation: Installation. (line 6)
* introduction: Getting Started. (line 6)
* invoking: Invoking Screen. (line 6)
* key binding: Key Binding. (line 6)
* layout: Layout. (line 6)
* marking: Copy. (line 6)
* message line: Message Line. (line 6)
* multiuser session: Multiuser Session. (line 6)
* options: Invoking Screen. (line 6)
* overview: Overview. (line 6)
* regions: Regions. (line 6)
* screenrc: Startup Files. (line 6)
* scrollback: Copy. (line 6)
* socket directory: Socket Directory. (line 6)
* string escapes: String Escapes. (line 6)
* terminal capabilities: Special Capabilities. (line 6)
* title: Naming Windows. (line 6)
* window groups: Window Groups. (line 6)
* window types: Window Types. (line 6)
File: screen.info, Node: Command Index, Next: Keystroke Index, Prev: Concept Index, Up: Top
Command Index
*************
This is a list of all the commands supported by 'screen'.
* Menu:
* acladd: Acladd. (line 6)
* aclchg: Aclchg. (line 6)
* acldel: Acldel. (line 6)
* aclgrp: Aclgrp. (line 6)
* aclumask: Umask. (line 6)
* activity: Monitor. (line 6)
* addacl: Acladd. (line 7)
* allpartial: Redisplay. (line 6)
* altscreen: Redisplay. (line 16)
* at: At. (line 6)
* attrcolor: Attrcolor. (line 6)
* autodetach: Detach. (line 6)
* autonuke: Autonuke. (line 6)
* backtick: Backtick. (line 6)
* backtick <1>: Backtick. (line 7)
* bce: Character Processing.
(line 23)
* bell_msg: Bell. (line 6)
* bind: Bind. (line 6)
* bindkey: Bindkey. (line 6)
* blanker: Screen Saver. (line 15)
* blankerprg: Screen Saver. (line 25)
* break: Break. (line 6)
* breaktype: Break. (line 18)
* bufferfile: Screen Exchange. (line 6)
* bumpleft: Bumpleft. (line 6)
* bumpright: Bumpright. (line 6)
* c1: Character Processing.
(line 6)
* caption: Caption. (line 6)
* caption <1>: Caption. (line 7)
* chacl: Aclchg. (line 7)
* charset: Character Processing.
(line 49)
* chdir: Chdir. (line 6)
* cjkwidth: Character Processing.
(line 104)
* clear: Clear. (line 6)
* collapse: Collapse. (line 6)
* colon: Colon. (line 8)
* command: Command Character. (line 32)
* compacthist: Scrollback. (line 19)
* console: Console. (line 6)
* copy: Copy. (line 6)
* copy_reg: Registers. (line 6)
* crlf: Line Termination. (line 6)
* debug: Debug. (line 6)
* defautonuke: Autonuke. (line 12)
* defbce: Character Processing.
(line 81)
* defbreaktype: Break. (line 26)
* defc1: Character Processing.
(line 71)
* defcharset: Character Processing.
(line 92)
* defencoding: Character Processing.
(line 86)
* defescape: Command Character. (line 17)
* defflow: Flow. (line 6)
* defgr: Character Processing.
(line 76)
* defhstatus: Hardstatus. (line 12)
* deflog: Log. (line 6)
* deflogin: Login. (line 6)
* defmode: Mode. (line 6)
* defmonitor: Monitor. (line 21)
* defmousetrack: Mousetrack. (line 15)
* defnonblock: Nonblock. (line 18)
* defobuflimit: Obuflimit. (line 15)
* defscrollback: Scrollback. (line 8)
* defshell: Shell. (line 7)
* defsilence: Monitor. (line 45)
* defslowpaste: Paste. (line 40)
* defutf8: Character Processing.
(line 98)
* defwrap: Wrap. (line 15)
* defwritelock: Writelock. (line 18)
* detach: Detach. (line 14)
* digraph: Digraph. (line 6)
* dinfo: Info. (line 40)
* displays: Displays. (line 6)
* dumptermcap: Dump Termcap. (line 6)
* echo: echo. (line 6)
* encoding: Character Processing.
(line 30)
* escape: Command Character. (line 6)
* eval: Eval. (line 6)
* exec: Exec. (line 6)
* fit: Fit. (line 6)
* flow: Flow. (line 14)
* focus: Focus. (line 6)
* focusminsize: Focusminsize. (line 6)
* gr: Character Processing.
(line 15)
* group: Window Groups. (line 20)
* hardcopy: Hardcopy. (line 6)
* hardcopydir: Hardcopy. (line 21)
* hardcopy_append: Hardcopy. (line 15)
* hardstatus: Hardware Status Line.
(line 6)
* hardstatus <1>: Hardware Status Line.
(line 7)
* hardstatus <2>: Hardware Status Line.
(line 9)
* height: Window Size. (line 16)
* help: Help. (line 6)
* history: History. (line 6)
* hstatus: Hardstatus. (line 24)
* idle: Screen Saver. (line 6)
* ignorecase: Searching. (line 14)
* info: Info. (line 6)
* ins_reg: Registers. (line 10)
* kill: Kill. (line 6)
* lastmsg: Last Message. (line 6)
* layout: Layout. (line 20)
* layout <1>: Layout. (line 30)
* layout <2>: Layout. (line 38)
* layout <3>: Layout. (line 42)
* layout <4>: Layout. (line 46)
* layout <5>: Layout. (line 53)
* layout <6>: Layout. (line 58)
* layout <7>: Layout. (line 64)
* layout <8>: Layout. (line 70)
* layout <9>: Layout. (line 79)
* layout <10>: Layout. (line 94)
* layout <11>: Layout. (line 106)
* license: License. (line 6)
* lockscreen: Lock. (line 6)
* log: Log. (line 11)
* logfile: Log. (line 22)
* logfile <1>: Log. (line 23)
* login: Login. (line 13)
* logtstamp: Log. (line 30)
* logtstamp <1>: Log. (line 31)
* logtstamp <2>: Log. (line 32)
* mapdefault: Bindkey Control. (line 6)
* mapnotnext: Bindkey Control. (line 10)
* maptimeout: Bindkey Control. (line 13)
* markkeys: Copy Mode Keys. (line 6)
* maxwin: Maxwin. (line 6)
* meta: Command Character. (line 25)
* monitor: Monitor. (line 26)
* mousetrack: Mousetrack. (line 6)
* msgminwait: Message Wait. (line 6)
* msgwait: Message Wait. (line 11)
* multiuser: Multiuser. (line 6)
* nethack: Nethack. (line 6)
* next: Next and Previous. (line 6)
* nonblock: Nonblock. (line 6)
* number: Number. (line 6)
* obuflimit: Obuflimit. (line 6)
* only: Only. (line 6)
* other: Other Window. (line 6)
* partial: Redisplay. (line 21)
* password: Detach. (line 22)
* paste: Paste. (line 6)
* pastefont: Paste. (line 34)
* pow_break: Break. (line 14)
* pow_detach: Power Detach. (line 6)
* pow_detach_msg: Power Detach. (line 13)
* prev: Next and Previous. (line 13)
* printcmd: Printcmd. (line 6)
* process: Registers. (line 14)
* quit: Quit. (line 6)
* readbuf: Screen Exchange. (line 18)
* readreg: Paste. (line 50)
* redisplay: Redisplay. (line 29)
* register: Registers. (line 22)
* remove: Remove. (line 6)
* removebuf: Screen Exchange. (line 24)
* rendition: Rendition. (line 6)
* reset: Reset. (line 6)
* resize: Resize. (line 6)
* screen: Screen Command. (line 6)
* scrollback: Scrollback. (line 13)
* select: Select. (line 6)
* sessionname: Session Name. (line 6)
* setenv: Setenv. (line 6)
* setsid: Setsid. (line 6)
* shell: Shell. (line 6)
* shelltitle: Shell. (line 20)
* silence: Monitor. (line 35)
* silencewait: Monitor. (line 50)
* sleep: sleep. (line 6)
* slowpaste: Paste. (line 39)
* sorendition: Sorendition. (line 6)
* source: Source. (line 6)
* split: Split. (line 6)
* startup_message: Startup Message. (line 6)
* stuff: Paste. (line 26)
* su: Su. (line 6)
* suspend: Suspend. (line 6)
* term: Term. (line 6)
* termcap: Termcap Syntax. (line 6)
* termcapinfo: Termcap Syntax. (line 8)
* terminfo: Termcap Syntax. (line 7)
* time: Time. (line 6)
* title: Title Command. (line 6)
* umask: Umask. (line 7)
* unbindall: Bind. (line 27)
* unsetenv: Setenv. (line 14)
* utf8: Character Processing.
(line 62)
* vbell: Bell. (line 22)
* vbellwait: Bell. (line 42)
* vbell_msg: Bell. (line 34)
* verbose: Verbose. (line 6)
* version: Version. (line 6)
* wall: Wall. (line 6)
* width: Window Size. (line 6)
* windowlist: Windowlist. (line 6)
* windowlist <1>: Windowlist. (line 7)
* windowlist <2>: Windowlist. (line 8)
* windows: Windows. (line 6)
* wrap: Wrap. (line 6)
* writebuf: Screen Exchange. (line 28)
* writelock: Writelock. (line 6)
* xoff: XON/XOFF. (line 11)
* xon: XON/XOFF. (line 6)
* zmodem: Zmodem. (line 6)
* zmodem <1>: Zmodem. (line 7)
* zmodem <2>: Zmodem. (line 8)
* zombie: Zombie. (line 6)
* zombie_timeout: Zombie. (line 7)
File: screen.info, Node: Keystroke Index, Prev: Command Index, Up: Top
Keystroke Index
***************
This is a list of the default key bindings.
The leading escape character (*note Command Character::) has been
omitted from the key sequences, since it is the same for all bindings.
* Menu:
* ": Windowlist. (line 6)
* ': Select. (line 6)
* *: Displays. (line 6)
* ,: License. (line 6)
* .: Dump Termcap. (line 6)
* 0...9: Select. (line 6)
* :: Colon. (line 8)
* <: Screen Exchange. (line 18)
* =: Screen Exchange. (line 24)
* >: Screen Exchange. (line 28)
* ?: Help. (line 6)
* [: Copy. (line 6)
* \: Quit. (line 6)
* ]: Paste. (line 6)
* _: Monitor. (line 35)
* {: History. (line 6)
* |: Split. (line 6)
* }: History. (line 6)
* A: Title Command. (line 6)
* a: Command Character. (line 25)
* b: Break. (line 6)
* B: Break. (line 14)
* Backspace: Next and Previous. (line 13)
* c: Screen Command. (line 6)
* C: Clear. (line 6)
* C-a: Other Window. (line 6)
* C-b: Break. (line 6)
* C-c: Screen Command. (line 6)
* C-d: Detach. (line 14)
* C-f: Flow. (line 14)
* C-g: Bell. (line 22)
* C-h: Next and Previous. (line 13)
* C-i: Info. (line 6)
* C-k: Kill. (line 6)
* C-l: Redisplay. (line 29)
* C-m: Last Message. (line 6)
* C-n: Next and Previous. (line 6)
* C-p: Next and Previous. (line 13)
* C-q: XON/XOFF. (line 6)
* C-r: Wrap. (line 6)
* C-s: XON/XOFF. (line 11)
* C-t: Time. (line 6)
* C-v: Digraph. (line 6)
* C-w: Windows. (line 6)
* C-x: Lock. (line 6)
* C-z: Suspend. (line 6)
* C-[: Copy. (line 6)
* C-]: Paste. (line 6)
* d: Detach. (line 14)
* D: Power Detach. (line 6)
* ESC: Copy. (line 6)
* F: Fit. (line 6)
* f: Flow. (line 14)
* h: Hardcopy. (line 6)
* H: Log. (line 11)
* i: Info. (line 6)
* k: Kill. (line 6)
* L: Login. (line 13)
* l: Redisplay. (line 29)
* M: Monitor. (line 26)
* m: Last Message. (line 6)
* n: Next and Previous. (line 6)
* N: Number. (line 6)
* p: Next and Previous. (line 13)
* Q: Only. (line 6)
* q: XON/XOFF. (line 6)
* r: Wrap. (line 6)
* S: Split. (line 6)
* s: XON/XOFF. (line 11)
* SPC: Next and Previous. (line 6)
* t: Time. (line 6)
* TAB: Focus. (line 6)
* v: Version. (line 6)
* w: Windows. (line 6)
* W: Window Size. (line 6)
* x: Lock. (line 6)
* X: Remove. (line 6)
* z: Suspend. (line 6)
* Z: Reset. (line 6)
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